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Critical roles of non-coding RNAs in lifecycle and biology of Marek's disease herpesvirus

Science china(Life Sciences) 2023年第2期66卷 251-268页

作者： Man Teng Zhi-Jian Zhu Yongxiu Yao Venugopal Nair Gai-Ping Zhang Jun Luo Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China&Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal ImmunologyHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou 450002China uk-china centre of excellence for research on avian diseases Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou 450002China School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering Huanghuai UniversityZhumadian 463000China the pirbright institute&uk-china centre of excellence for research on avian diseases PirbrightAsh RoadGuildfordSurrey GU240NFUnited Kingdom International Joint research Center of National Animal Immunology&College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002China Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Safety College of Animal Science and TechnologyHenan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003China

Over the past two decades, numerous non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) have been identified in different biological systems including virology, especially in large DNA viruses such as herpesviruses. As a representative oncogenic alphaherpesvirus, Marek’s disease virus(MDV) causes an important immunosuppressive and rapid-onset neoplastic disease of poultry, namely Marek’s disease(MD). Vaccinations can efficiently prevent the onset of MD lymphomas and other clinical disease, often heralded as the first successful example of vaccination-based control of cancer. MDV infection is also an excellent model for research into virally-induced tumorigenesis. Recently, great progress has been made in understanding the functions of ncRNAs in MD biology.Herein, we give a review of the discovery and identification of MDV-encoded viral miRNAs, focusing on the genomics,expression profiles, and emerging critical roles of MDV-1 miRNAs as oncogenic miRNAs(oncomiRs) or tumor suppressor genes involved in the induction of MD lymphomas. We also described the involvements of host cellular miRNAs, lincRNAs, and circRNAs participating in MDV life cycle, pathogenesis, and/or tumorigenesis. The prospects, strategies, and new techniques such as the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing applicable for further investigation into the ncRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms in MDV pathogenesis/oncogenesis were also discussed, together with the possibilities of future studies on antiviral therapy and the development of new efficient MD vaccines.

关键词： herpesvirus MDV miRNA lincRNA circRNA CRISPR pathogenesis oncogenesis

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Herpesvirus of Turkeys (Meleagridis Herpesvirus 1) Encodes a Functional MicroRNA-221 Homolog with High Sequence Conservation

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Advances in Microbiology 2019年第8期9卷 728-736页

作者： Yongxiu Yao Chan Ding Venugopal Nair The pirbright institute & uk-china centre of excellence for research on avian diseases Surrey UK Department of avian Infectious diseases Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai China The Jenner institute Laboratories University of Oxford Oxford UK Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK

Herpesviruses account for most of the known virus-encoded miRNAs. Herpesvirus of turkey (HVT), a non-pathogenic avian herpesvirus used as an avian vaccine and viral vector, encodes 28 mature miRNAs. This included HVT-miR-H14-3p that showed almost identical sequence to gga-miR-221, suggesting that it is pirated from the avian host. Although the functional homolog between the two miRNAs has been proposed based on the sequence similarity, the direct experimental evidence is still lacking. In this report, we provide the evidence for the first time that HVT-miR-H14-3p is indeed a gga-miR-221 homolog through modulating the expression of p27Kip1, a known target of miR-221 by binding to its 3’UTR. We also created an HVT-miR-H14-3p deletion virus and show that this miRNA is not essential for in vitro replication.

关键词： HVT HVT-miR-H14-3p Homolog gga-miR-221 p27Kip1

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Scales in the Early Cretaceous bird Gansus from china provide evidence on the evolution of avian scales

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2022年第4期11卷 640-652页

作者： Tao Zhao Zhi-Heng Li He Zhang Yan-Hong Pan State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits research School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringCentre for Research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environment and Frontiers ScienceCenter for Critical Earth Material CyclingNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023Jiangsu ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China CAS Center for excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China

Most modern birds have scales covering feet,but our knowledge of early avian scales is limited,mainly due to their scarcity in the fossil record.Here we describe the morphological details of scutellate and interstitial scales preserved in IVPP V15077,a specimen of the Early Cretaceous bird Gansus from the Changma Basin in northwestern Gansu Province,Northwest china.These results,combined with previous reports of scutate and reticulate scales,show that all four types of scales present in modern birds already appeared in the Early Cretaceous.The phylogenetic distribution of skin appendages of feet,including feathers and scales,shows that non-avian dinosaurs already evolved scales resembling those in modern birds,and that scales can coexist with feathers on feet,suggesting that avian scales may be homologue with scales of non-avian dinosaurs.However,to further test this hypothesis,more research combined with a strengthened focus on detecting specimens with soft tissue preservation is necessary.

关键词： Foot scale avian scale Feather Bird Dinosaur Changma Basin Early Cretaceous

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Integrated tool for microsatellite isolation and validation from the reference genome and their application in the study of breeding turnover in an endangered avian population

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第5期13卷 553-568页

作者： Xian HOU Pengwei XU Zhenzhen LIN Josephine D’URBAN-JACKSON AndrewDIXON Batbayar BOLD Jiliang XU Xiangjiang ZHAN Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina BGI-Tech BGI-ShenzhenShenzhenChina Milner centre for Evolution Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of BathBathUK Emirates Falconers’Club Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Cardiff University-institute of Zoology Joint Laboratory for Biocomplexity research BeijingChina Wildlife Science and Conservation Center UlaanbaatarMongolia Center for excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina

Accurate individual identification is required to estimate survival rates in avian populations.For endangered species,non-invasive methods of obtaining individual identification,such as using molted feathers as a source of DNA for microsatellite markers,are preferred because of less disturbance,easy sample preparation and high efficiency.With the availability of many avian genomes,a few pipelines isolating genome-wide microsatellites have been published,but it is still a challenge to isolate microsatellites from the reference genome efficiently.Here,we have developed an integrated tool comprising a bioinformatic pipeline and experimental procedures for microsatellite isolation and validation based on the reference genome.We have identified over 95000 microsatellite loci and established a system comprising 10 highly polymorphic markers(PIC value:0.49–0.93,mean:0.79)for an endangered species,saker falcon(Falco cherrug).These markers(except 1)were successfully amplified in 126 molted feathers,exhibiting high amplification success rates(83.9–99.7%),high quality index(0.90–0.97)and low allelic dropout rates(1–9.5%).To further assess the efficiency of this marker system in a population study,we identified individual sakers using these molted feathers(adult)and 146 plucked feathers(offspring).The use of parent and offspring samples enabled us to infer the genotype of missing samples(N=28),and all adult genotypes were used to ascertain that breeding turnover is a useful proxy for survival estimation in sakers.Our study presents a cost-effective tool for microsatellite isolation based on publicly available reference genomes and demonstrates the power of this tool in estimating key parameters of avian population dynamics.

关键词： breeding turnover Falco cherrug feather microsatellite isolation parentage analysis reference genome saker falcon

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Association between heat stress and oxidative stress in poultry;mitochondrial dysfunction and dietary interventions with phytochemicals

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第1期8卷 1-14页

作者： Abdollah Akbarian Joris Michiels Jeroen Degroote Maryam Majdeddin Abolghasem Golian Stefaan De Smet Department of Animal Production Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product QualityGhent UniversityProefhoevestraat 10Melle 9090Belgium centre of excellence in the Animal Science Department Ferdowsi University of MashhadP.O.Box:91775-1163MashhadIran Department of Applied Biosciences Ghent UniversityValentin Vaerwyckweg 1Ghent 9000Belgium

Heat as a stressor of poultry has been studied extensively for many decades; it affects poultry production on a worldwide basis and has significant impact on well-being and production. More recently, the involvement of heat stress in inducing oxidative stress has received much interest. Oxidative stress is defined as the presence of reactive species in excess of the available antioxidant capacity of animal cells. Reactive species can modify several biologically cellular macromolecules and can interfere with cell signaling pathways. Furthermore, during the last decade, there has been an ever-increasing interest in the use of a wide array of natural feed-delivered phytochemicals that have potential antioxidant properties for poultry. In light of this, the current review aims to（1） summarize the mechanisms through which heat stress triggers excessive superoxide radical production in the mitochondrion and progresses into oxidative stress,（2） illustrate that this pathophysiology is dependent on the intensity and duration of heat stress,（3） present different nutritional strategies for mitigation of mitochondrial dysfunction, with particular focus on antioxidant phytochemicals.Oxidative stress that occurs with heat exposure can be manifest in all parts of the body; however, mitochondrial dysfunction underlies oxidative stress. In the initial phase of acute heat stress, mitochondrial substrate oxidation and electron transport chain activity are increased resulting in excessive superoxide production. During the later stage of acute heat stress, down-regulation of avian uncoupling protein worsens the oxidative stress situation causing mitochondrial dysfunction and tissue damage. Typically, antioxidant enzyme activities are upregulated. Chronic heat stress, however, leads to downsizing of mitochondrial metabolic oxidative capacity, up-regulation of avian uncoupling protein, a clear alteration in the pattern of antioxidant enzyme activities, and depletion of antioxidant reserves.Some phytochemicals, such as various types of

关键词： Antioxidant enzymes avian uncoupling protein Electron transport chain Flavonoids Heat Stress Mitochondrion Oxidative stress Poultry

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Conservation of T cell epitopes between seasonal influenza viruses and the novel influenza A H7N9 virus

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Virologica Sinica 2014年第3期29卷 170-175页

作者： Huawei Mao Hui-Ling Yen Yinping Liu Yu-Lung Lau J.S.Malik Peiris Wenwei Tu Department of Paediatrics The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine The University of Hong Kong centre of Influenza research School of Public Health The University of Hong Kong

A novel avian influenza A(H7N9) virus recently emerged in the Yangtze River delta and caused diseases, often severe, in over 130 people. This H7N9 virus appeared to infect humans with greater ease than previous avian influenza virus subtypes such as H5N1 and H9N2. While there are other potential explanations for this large number of human infections with an avian influenza virus, we investigated whether a lack of conserved T-cell epitopes between endemic H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses and the novel H7N9 virus contributes to this observation. Here we demonstrate that a number of T cell epitopes are conserved between endemic H1N1 and H3N2 viruses and H7N9 virus. Most of these conserved epitopes are from viral internal proteins. The extent of conservation between endemic human seasonal influenza and avian influenza H7N9 was comparable to that with the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1. Thus, the ease of inter-species transmission of H7N9 viruses(compared with avian H5N1 viruses) cannot be attributed to the lack of conservation of such T cell epitopes. On the contrary, our findings predict significant T-cell based cross-reactions in the human population to the novel H7N9 virus. Our findings also have implications for H7N9 virus vaccine design.

关键词：禽流感病毒 T细胞表位季节性保护 H5N1病毒高致病性禽流感人类感染甲型

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