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Extreme Weather Disruptions and Emergency Preparedness Among Older Adults in ohio: An Eight-County Assessment

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第2期15卷 213-225页

作者： Smitha Rao Fiona C.Doherty Anthony Traver Marisa Sheldon Emma Sakulich Holly Dabelko‑Schoeny college of Social Work The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Age Friendly Innovation Center College of Social WorkThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA college of Public Health The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

The disproportionate risks and impacts of climate change and extreme weather on older adults are increasingly evident. While especially true in disaster-prone areas, human-caused climate change introduces an element of uncertainty even in previously identified “safe” regions such as the Midwestern United states. Using a cumulative disadvantage and vulnerability-informed framework and descriptive statistics from multiple data sources, this article provides an overview of climate impacts, vulnerabilities, and county-level characteristics, focusing on older adults living in Central ohio. A comparative multiple-case study methodology was used to triangulate regionally representative primary and secondary data sources to examine state and county-level measures of vulnerability, emergency preparedness, and disruptions caused by extreme weather among older adults across eight counties in Central ohio. Seventy-eight percent of older adults in the sample reported being prepared for emergencies per Federal Emergency Management Agency guidelines. Older adults in Union County reported the highest rates of preparedness, while those in Fayette County reported the lowest. County-level rates of disruption of life activities by extreme weather ranged widely. Among the most rural in the region, Fayette County emerged as uniquely disadvantaged, with the lowest median income, the most vulnerable across multiple social vulnerability dimensions, and the most reported disruptions to life activities from extreme weather. County profiles offer a snapshot of existing vulnerabilities, socioeconomic conditions, special needs, preparedness, and current disruptions among older adults in the region and can inform resource mobilization across community and policy contexts.

关键词： Disaster preparedness Extreme weather Midwestern United states Older adults Regional assessment Social vulnerability

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Changes in structural plasticity of hippocampal neurons in an animal model of multiple sclerosis

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Zoological Research 2024年第2期45卷 398-414页

作者： Poornima D.E.Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage Sohi Kang Joong-Sun Kim Sung-Ho Kim Hongbing Wang Taekyun Shin Changjong Moon Department of veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR ProgramChonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science Institute of Health SciencesCollege of MedicineGyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52727Republic of Korea Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of veterinary Anatomy College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research InstituteJeju National UniversityJeju 63243Republic of Korea

Structural plasticity is critical for the functional diversity of neurons in the *** autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE)is the most commonly used model for multiple sclerosis(MS),successfully mimicking its key pathological features(inflammation,demyelination,axonal loss,and gliosis)and clinical symptoms(motor and non-motordysfunctions).Recentstudieshave demonstrated the importance of synaptic plasticity in EAE *** the present study,we investigated the features of behavioral alteration and hippocampal structural plasticity in EAE-affected mice in the early phase(11 days post-immunization,DPI)and chronic phase(28DPI).EAE-affected mice exhibited hippocampus-related behavioral dysfunction in the open field test during both early and chronic *** complexity was largely affected in the cornu ammonis 1(CA1)and CA3 apical and dentate gyrus(DG)subregions of the hippocampus during the chronic phase,while this effect was only noted in the CA1 apical subregion in the early ***,dendritic spine density was reduced in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 apical/basal and DG subregions in the early phase of EAE,but only reduced in the DG subregion during the chronic ***,mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines(Il1β,Tnfα,and Ifnγ)and glial cell markers(Gfap and Cd68)were significantly increased,whereas the expression of activity-regulated cytoskeletonassociated protein(ARC)was reduced during the chronic ***,exposure to the aforementioned cytokines in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons reduced dendritic complexity and ARC *** cultures of hippocampal neurons also showed significantly reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)phosphorylation upon treatment with proinflammatory ***,these results suggest that autoimmune neuroinflammation alters structural plasticity in the hippocampus,possibly through the ERK-ARC pathway,indicating that this alteration may be associated with hi

关键词： Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein Anxiety-like behavior Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Hippocampal dysfunction Neuroinflammation

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Prevention and treatment of gerbil hepatitis E using the programmable CRISPR-Cas13d system

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 94-97页

作者： Chengcheng Zhao Chong Lia Sa Li Hanyu Wu Pengyao Ren Tianlong Liu Xiaoxiang Hu Ran Zhang state Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Laboratory of veterinary Pathology and Nanopathology College of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

In recent years,the global incidence of hepatitis E virus(HEV)has been rising,leading to increased morbidity and mortality associated with ***13,a CRISPR effector,shows promise as an antiviral agent against singlestranded RNA ***13d,a type VI-D effector,exhibits higher efficiency in suppressing RNA viruses compared to other type VI ***,its in vivo activity against RNA viruses in mammals remains unknown.

关键词： mortality hepatitis treatment

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New strategies for asymmetric photocatalysis: asymmetric organocatalytic/photoredox relay catalysis for efficient synthesis of polycyclic compounds containing vicinal amino alcohols

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第3期67卷 945-952页

作者： Jia-Lu Zhang Wen-Bo He Xiu-Qin Hu Peng-Fei Xu state Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China state Key Laboratory of veterinary Etiological Biology College of Veterinary MedicineLanzhou UniversityLanzhou Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou 730000China MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

An asymmetric catalytic strategy in photocatalysis utilizing a chirality-induced approach through an organocatalytic/photoredox relay catalysis strategy is successfully achieved for the rapid construction of polycyclic compounds containing vicinal amino alcohols in a one-pot protocol. This methodology facilitates the efficient synthesis of diverse substituted polycyclic tetrahydroquinoline and benzofuran-derived vicinal amino alcohols, each containing five consecutive chiral centers, with high yields,excellent diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities(up to 95% yield, >20:1 dr and 98% ee), under mild reaction conditions driven by sequential bifunctional squaramide organocatalyst-catalyzed [4+2] annulation and photocatalyst-catalyzed ketyl radical addition cyclization reaction process. Furthermore, investigations into the stereoselectivity mechanism and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS) experiments on free radical trapping have provided evidence for elucidating the detailed mechanism of chirality-induced processes and chiral intermediate conversions in this procedure.

关键词： enantioselective photocatalysis asymmetric organocatalytic/photocatalysis relay catalysis five consecutive chiral centers chirality-induced strategy chirality vicinal amino alcohols

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The virulence regulator AbsR in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli has pleiotropic effects on bacterial physiology

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 649-668页

作者： Dongfang Zhao Haobo Zhang Xinyang Zhang Fengwei Jiang Yijing Li Wentong Cai Ganwu Li state Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention Harbin Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin 150069China college of veterinary medicine Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150038China National Animal Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory Division of Zoonoses SurveillanceChina Animal Health and Epidemiology CenterQingdao 266032China Department of veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal medicine College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011-1134the United States

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli(APEC)belonging to extraintestinal pathogenic ***(ExPEC)can cause severe infections in extraintestinal tissues in birds and humans,such as the lungs and ***(microcin production regulation,locus A,herein renamed AbsR,a blood survival regulator),a member of the MarR(multiple antibiotic resistance regulator)transcriptional regulator family,governs the expression of capsule biosynthetic genes in human ExPEC and represents a promising druggable target for ***,a deep understanding of the AbsR regulatory mechanism as well as its regulon is *** this study,we present a systems-level analysis of the APEC AbsR regulon using ChIP-Seq(chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing)and RNA-Seq(RNA sequencing)*** found that AbsR directly regulates 99 genes and indirectly regulates 667 ***,we showed that:1)AbsR contributes to antiphagocytotic effects by macrophages and virulence in a mouse model for systemic infection by directly activating the capsular gene cluster;2)AbsR positively impacts biofilm formation via direct regulation of the T2SS(type II secretion system)but plays a marginal role in virulence;and 3)AbsR directly upregulates the acid tolerance signaling system EvgAS to withstand acid stress but is dispensable in ExPEC ***,our data indicate that the role of AbsR in virulence gene regulation is relatively conserved in ExPEC ***,this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the AbsR regulon and regulatory mechanism,and our data suggest that AbsR likely influences virulence primarily through the control of capsule ***,we found that AbsR severely represses the expression of the type I-F CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas(CRISPR associated)systems,which could have implications in CRISPR biology and application.

关键词： avian pathogenic Escherichia coli(APEC) extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli(ExPEC) AbsR RNA-Seq ChIP-Seq gene regulation

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First identification of the oxazolidinone/phenicol resistance gene optrA in Streptococcus pluranimalium worldwide

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 731-734页

作者： Kuan Zhao Longyu Zhou Shixia Zhang Wanjiang Zhang Yao Zhu college of veterinary medicine Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001China state Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention Harbin Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin 150069China college of veterinary medicine Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052China

Oxazolidinones are highly effective antimicrobial agents for the treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-positive organisms,including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),vancomycin-resistant enterococci(VRE),multidrug-resistant(MDR)pneumococci and MDR mycobacteria(Brenciani et al.2022).However,the emergence and prevalence of acquired oxazolidinone resistance genes.

关键词： resistance prevalence

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Roles of host proteases in the entry of SARS-CoV-2

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Animal Diseases 2024年第1期4卷 27-39页

作者： Alexandria Zabiegalal Yunjeong Kim Kyeong-Ok Chang Department of Diagnostic medicine and Pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State University1800 Denison Avenue ManhattanKS 66506USA

The spike protein(S)of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for viral attachment and entry,thus a major factor for host suscep-tibility,tissue tropism,virulence and *** S is divided with S1 and S2 region,and the S1 contains the receptor-binding domain(RBD),while the S2 contains the hydrophobic fusion domain for the entry into the host *** host proteases have been implicated in the activation of SARS-CoV-2 S through various c leavage *** this article,we review host proteases including furin,trypsin,transmembrane protease serine 2(TMPRSS2)and cathepsins in the activation of SARS-CoV-2 *** betacoronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 have polybasic residues at the S1/S2 site which is subjected to the cleavage by *** S1/S2 cleavage facilitates more assessable RBD to the receptor ACE2,and the binding triggers further conformational changes and exposure of the S2'site to proteases such as type Il transmembrane serine proteases(TTPRs)including *** the presence of TMPRSS2 on the target cells,SARS-CoV-2 can utilize a direct entry route by fusion of the viral envelope to the cellular *** the absence of TMPRSS2,SARS-CoV-2 enter target cells via endosomes where multiple cathepsins cleave the S for the successful *** host proteases involved in the cleavage of the S were *** article also includes roles of 3C-like protease inhibitors which have inhibitory activity against cathepsin L in the entry of SARS-CoV-2,and discussed the dual roles of such inhibitors in virus replication.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein(S) Host proteases Cleavage site Virus entry

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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of peripheral nerve injury

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第8期16卷 799-810页

作者： Xiong-Fei Zou Bao-Zhong Zhang Wen-Wei Qian Florence Mei Cheng Department of Orthopedic Surgery Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijing 100730China college of Nursing The Ohio State UniversityOhioOH 43210United States

Peripheral nerve injury(PNI)is a common neurological disorder and complete functional recovery is difficult to *** recent years,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)have emerged as ideal seed cells for PNI treatment due to their strong differentiation potential and autologous trans-plantation *** review aims to summarize the molecular mechanisms by which BMSCs mediate nerve repair in *** key mechanisms discussed include the differentiation of BMSCs into multiple types of nerve cells to promote repair of nerve *** also create a microenvironment suitable for neuronal survival and regeneration through the secretion of neurotrophic factors,extracellular matrix molecules,and adhesion ***,BMSCs release pro-angiogenic factors to promote the formation of new blood *** modulate cytokine expression and regulate macrophage polarization,leading to ***,BMSCs synthesize and release proteins related to myelin sheath formation and axonal regeneration,thereby promoting neuronal repair and ***,this review explores methods of applying BMSCs in PNI treatment,including direct cell trans-plantation into the injured neural tissue,implantation of BMSCs into nerve conduits providing support,and the application of genetically modified BMSCs,among *** findings confirm the potential of BMSCs in treating ***,with the development of this field,it is crucial to address issues related to BMSC therapy,including establishing standards for extracting,identifying,and cultivating BMSCs,as well as selecting application methods for BMSCs in PNI such as direct transplantation,tissue engineering,and genetic *** these issues will help translate current preclinical research results into clinical practice,providing new and effective treatment strategies for patients with PNI.

关键词： Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Peripheral nerve injury Schwann cells Myelin sheath Tissue engineering

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Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy and chronic wasting disease:two sides of the prion coin

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Animal Diseases 2024年第1期4卷 1-18页

作者： Nicholas J.Haley Juergen A.Richt Department of Microbiology and Immunology College of Graduate StudiesMidwestern UniversityGlendaleAZUSA Department of Diagnostic medicine/Pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies(TSEs)are a group of progressive and ultimately fatal neurologic diseases of man and animals,all resulting from the propagated misfolding of the host's normal cellular prion *** diseases can be spontaneous,heritable,anthropogenic/iatrogenic,or in some cases horizontally transmissible,and include such notable TSEs as bovine spongiform encephalopathy(BSE)of cattle and chronic wasting disease(CWD)of *** they are both unequivocally protein misfolding disorders,they differ markedly in their pathogenesis,transmissibility,and zoonotic *** the BSE epidemic has largely abated over the past three decades following global feed bans on ruminant meat and bone meal,CWD,which is readily transmitted through various forms of excreta,has rapidly expanded from its original endemic zone to encompass much of North America,along with recently identified foci in *** importantly,although the classical form of BSE has proven transmissible to humans consuming contaminated beef or beef products,so far there have been no conclusive reports on the zoonotic transmission of cWD to *** underlying basis for these differences-whether host or agent directed-are not well understood,though may be due to inherent differences in the three-dimensional structure of the misfolded BSE or CWD prion proteins or the expression levels and tissue distribution of respective cellular prion *** the uncontrolled geographic spread of CWD,it is imperative that we improve our understanding of the factors governing prion disease pathogenesis,transmission,and zoonotic potential.

关键词： Prion Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Chronic Wasting Disease Transmission Pathogenesis Zoonosis

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Substitutions of stem-loop subdomains in internal ribosome entry site of Senecavirus A:Impacts on rescue of sequence-modifying viruses

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第7期23卷 2391-2406页

作者： Qianqian Wang Jie Wang Lei Zhang Xiaoxiao Duan Lijie Zhu Youming Zhang Yan Li Fuxiao Liu college of veterinary medicine Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China college of veterinary medicine Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHuhhot 010018China Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co. Ltd.Qingdao 266100China Qingdao Center for Animal Disease Control&Prevention Qingdao 266199China state Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

Senecavirus A(SVA)has a positive-sense,single-stranded RNA *** 5´untranslated region harbors an internal ribosome entry site(IRES),comprising 10 larger or smaller stem-loop structures(including a pseudoknot)that have been demonstrated to be well ***,it is still unclear whether each stem-loop subdomain,such as a single stem or loop,is also highly *** clarify this issue in the present study,a set of 29 SVA cDNA clones were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis(SDM)on the *** SDM-modified scenarios included:(1)stem-formed complementary sequences exchanging with each other;(2)loop transversion;(3)loop transition;and(4)point *** cDNA clones were separately transfected into cells for rescuing viable viruses,whereas only four SVAs of interest could be recovered,and were genetically stable during 20 *** progeny grew significantly slower than the other three *** dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that none of the SDM-modified IRESes significantly inhibited the IRES *** previous study indicated that a single motif from any of the ten stem structures,if completely mutated,would cause the failure of virus ***,our present study revealed three stem structures,whose individual complementary sequences could exchange with each other to rescue sequence-modifying ***,one apical loop was demonstrated to have the ability to tolerate its own full-length transition,also having no impact on the recovery of sequence-modifying *** present study suggested that not every stem-loop structure was strictly conserved in its conformation,while the full-length IRES itself was well *** provides a new research direction on interaction between the IRES and many factors.

关键词： SVA HCV IRES HCV-like IRES stem-loop structure cDNA clone virus rescue mutation

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