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世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2005年第11期1卷 42-43页

作者： Ikram M.K. Van Leeuwen R. Vingerling J.R. P.T.V.M. De Jong 张鹏 the ne therlands ophthal. res. inst. Meibergdreef 47 1105 BA Amsterdam NetherlandsDr.

Purpose: To study the relationship between retinal vessel diameters and incide nt age-relatedmacular disease (iAMD).Design: Prospective population-based coho rt study. Participants: Persons (55 years and older) from the Rotterdam Study, w ho participated at the baseline (1990-1993) and 1 of 2 follow up examinations ( 1993-1994 and 1997-1999). Methods: In the current analysis, 4345 participants who were free of AMD at baseline and had gradable macular transparencies at both baseline and follow-up examination were included. Also, arteriolar and venular diameters were measured on digitized baseline images. Stereoscopic transparenci es of the macular region were graded according to the International Classificati on and Grading System for AMD. Incidence of AMD was defined as the development o f soft distinct drusen with pigmentary changes or indistinct or reticular drusen with or without pigmentary changes (early iAMD) or atrophic or neovascular AMD (late iAMD). Logistic regres.ion models were used to assess these associations, adjusting for age, gender, and follow-up time and, additionally, for smoking, b ody mass index, intima-media thickness, systolic blood pres.ure, and total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Main Outcome Measure: Incidence of AMD. res.lts: After a mean follow-up time of 5.2 years, a total of 374 persons developed early and late iAMD. neither arteriolar nor venular diameters were re lated to the risk of iAMD. The odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) decre ase in arteriolar diameter was 1.03 (95%confidence interval [CI], 0.93-1.15) , and the OR per SD increase in venular diameter was 1.04 (95%CI, 0.93-1.16). Af ter categorizing the retinal vessel diameters into quintiles, there was no trend . After stratifying on age, only persons 75 years and older with smaller arterio lar diameters were at a borderline significant increased risk of iAMD: OR/SD dec rease in arteriolar diameters adjusted for age, gender, follow-up time, and oth e

关键词：黄斑病变视网膜血管软性玻璃膜疣随访检查色素改变血管危险因素立体镜前瞻性队列研究模型评价中层厚度

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Inflammatory bowel disease:definition,epidemiology,etiologic aspects,andimmunogenetic studies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 1998年第5期4卷 83-95页

作者： XIA Bing JBA Crusius SGM Meuwissen AS Pe a Department of Gastroenterology The Second Affiliated HospitalHubei Medical UniversityWuhan 430071China Laboratory of Gastrointest in al Immunogenetics Medical FacultyFree University Ams terdam1081 BT Ams terdamThe Ne therlands

The etiology of IBD remains unclear. Environmental factors, a genetic predisposition and a disturbed immunological res.onse all contribute to the development of the disease. Even though pathogens have not been identified as a cause of IBD, persistent infections are highly suspected, including Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and measles virus in CD, and an unknown bacterial infection and/ or bacterial products in UC. Smoking has been suggested to be a strong risk factor in CD, and in determining the clinical course of UC and CD. Disturbances of the mucosal immune system and an imbalance of immune regulation pres.nted by cellular and/ or humoral abnormalities as well as functions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and other mediators were observed in IBD patients and are considered to be fundamental to the pathogenesis of IBD. Because of the multiplicity and complexity of the interactions of all these elements, it is difficult to distinguish between primary and secondary, and pathogenic and non-pathogenic phenomena[248]. With the development of transgenic and knockout rodent models, it is possible to define the critical immune elements necessary to develop IBD. Recent studies demonstrated that mucosal homeostasis is important and a defective mucosal barrier may allow unres.rained uptake of luminal antigens and pro-inflammatory molecules and thus initiate immune res.onses. Some evidence for an imbalance of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and of Th1/Th2 lymphocytes have been found in chronic intestinal inflammation. pANCA are pres.nt in more than 70% of UC patients, but their role as a subclinical marker of UC needs to be confirmed. As to genetic factors, epidemiological studies have demonstrated the influence of genetic factors on the development of IBD by phenomena such as ethnic variations, familial aggregation, monozygotic twins versus dizygotic twins, and first degree relatives versus spouses. A genetic influence weights more for CD t

关键词： inflammatory bowel disease/epidemiology inflammatory bowel disease/etiology inflammatory bowel disease/genetics inflammatory bowel disease/immunology

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长期随访观察眼眶照射疗法对Graves眼病的安全性研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2005年第1期1卷 56-57页

作者：侯慧媛 Wakelkamp I.M.M.J Tan H Saeed P Dept.of Endocrinol.and Metabolism Academic Medical Ce nterUni-versity of AmsterdamAmsterdamNe therlands.Dr.

Purpose We evaluated the frequency o f long-term compli-cations of orbital irradiation(radiation-induced tumors,cataract,and retinopathy)in comparison with *** We conducted a follow-up study in a cohort of 245Gravesophthal.opathy patie nts who had been treated with retrobulbar irradiation(20Gy in 2weeks)and /or oral glucocorticoids between 1982and 1993in our *** patients were compared with nonir-radiated *** Data on mortality and cause of death were *** patient s were invited to par-ticipate in a follow-up *** retinopathy was as-sessed in a masked fashion and defined as the pres.nce of≥1hemorrhages and /or microaneurysm son red-free retina ***>5lesions were pres.nt,patients were categorized as suffering from defin ite *** was assessed using the Lens Opacity C lassification System II *** outcome measures.Mortality,prevalence of retinopathy,prevalence of catarac t,and type of *** Thirty-seven of the 245pati ents had died,none of them from an intracranial *** was similar in the irradiated(27/15917%-)and nonirradiated pa-tients(10/8612%;P=0.264).One hundred fifty-seven of the 208living patien ts(75%)consented to participate in a follow-up ophthal. ologic investigation;the mean follow-up time (±standard deviation)was 11±*** retinopathy was pre sent in 15%of pa-tients,22of the irradiated and 1of t he nonirradiated pa-tients(P=0.002).In 5patients(all had been irradiat-ed),definite retinopathy(i.e.,>5retinal lesions)was *** these,3had diabetes mellitus,and 1had *** was associa ted with both possible(P=0.029)and definite(P=0.005)retinopathy,with a relative risk of 21(95%confidence interval,3-179).The prevalence and severity of cataract were similar in the radiotherapy group(29%)and the glucocorticoid group(34%);it should be noted that 88of 104of th e irradiated patients were also treated with oral glucoco

关键词：视网膜病视网膜照片无赤光视网膜损伤随访调查球后微动脉瘤眼底出血糖皮质激素颅内肿瘤

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外层视网膜进行性坏死伴孤立的视神经病变

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世界核心医学期刊文摘(眼科学分册) 2005年第5期 7-8页

作者： Nakamoto B.K. ,Dorotheo E.U. ,Biousse V. ,N.J. newman,陈立军 neuro-ophthal.mology Unit Emory Eye Center 1365-B Clifton Road ne Atlanta GA 30322 Unite d States Dr.

Progres.ive outer retinal necrosis is a necrotizing herpetic retinopathy usual ly seen in immunocompromised patients. The authors describe two patients with th is disease who initially had findings suggestive of an optic neuropathy. Vision declined after treatment with methylprednisolone, after which fundus examination became consistent with progres.ive outer retinal necrosis. These cases undersco re the importance of careful examination of the retinal periphery before management of any pres.med optic neuropathy with steroids.

关键词：视神经病变视网膜进行性坏死

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