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Uneven selection pressure accelerating divergence of Populus and Salix

Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 1165-1175页

作者： Jing Hou Suyun Wei Huixin Pan Qiang Zhuge Tongming Yin the key laboratory for cultivar innovation and germplasm improvement for salicaceae species College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

Populus(poplars)and Salix(willows)are sister genera in the salicaceae family that arise from a common tetraploid *** karyotypes of these two lineages are distinguished by two major interchromosomal and some minor intrachromosomal rearrangements,but which one is evolutionarily more primitive remains *** this study,we compare the selection pressure acting on the paralogous genes resulting from salicoid duplication(PGRS)within and between the genomes of the two *** selection was determined to act more strongly on the PGRS in willow than on those in poplar,which would cause a faster loss of paralogous duplicates in ***,Salix species are supposed to evolve faster than Populus species,which is consistent with the observation that the former are taxonomically and morphologically more diverse than the *** these two lineages,different autosomes were found to have been evolving into sex *** theωratio and the PGRS in the sex determination regions in willow and poplar revealed higher convergent selection pressure and a faster loss of PGRS in the sex determination regions of both *** the chromosome level,the sex chromosome in poplar is characterized by the lowest gene density among all chromosome members,while this feature is not observed on the sex chromosome in willow,suggesting that Populus species may inherit the more incipient sex chromosome from their *** together,Salix is supposed to be the nascent lineage arising from the additional round of genome reorganization that distinguishes the karyotypes of the two sister *** this study,assessment ofωratios also detected a list of paralogous genes under unusual selection pressure,which could have special consequences for the adaptive evolution of salicaceae *** conclusion,the results of this study provide unique information for better understanding the genetic mechanism accelerating the divergence of these two closely related

关键词： divergence faster consequences

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Fine mapping of the sex locus in Salix triandra confirms a consistent sex determination mechanism in genus Salix

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 1903-1914页

作者： Wei Li Huaitong Wu Xiaoping Li Yingnan Chen Tongming Yin The key Lab of cultivar innovation and germplasm improvement of salicaceae College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

Salix triandra belongs to section Amygdalinae in genus Salix,which is in a different section from the willow species in which sex determination has been well *** sex determination in distantly related willow species will help to clarify whether the sexes of different willows arise through a common sex determination *** this purpose,we generated an intraspecific full-sib F1 population for *** and constructed high-density genetic linkage maps for the crossing parents using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and following a two-way pseudo-testcross *** the established maps,the sex locus was positioned in linkage group XV only in the maternal map,and no sex linkage was detected in the paternal *** with previous findings in other willow species,our study showed that chromosome XV was the incipient sex chromosome and that females were the heterogametic sex in ***,sex in this willow species is also determined through a ZW sex determination *** further performed fine mapping in the vicinity of the sex locus with SSR *** comparing the physical and genetic distances for the target interval encompassing the sex determination gene confined by SSRs,severe recombination repression was revealed in the sex determination region in the female *** recombination rate in the confined interval encompassing the sex locus was approximately eight-fold lower than the genome-wide *** study provides critical information relevant to sex determination in ***.

关键词： fir linkage determination

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Genome-wide analysis of changes in miRNA and target gene expression reveals key roles in heterosis for chinese cabbage biomass

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 731-745页

作者： Peirong Li Tongbing Su Deshuang Zhang Weihong Wang Xiaoyun Xin Yangjun Yu Xiuyun Zhao Shuancang Yu Fenglan Zhang Beijing Vegetable Research Center(BVRC) Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(BAAFS)Beijing 100097China key laboratory of Biology and Genetic improvement of Horticultural Crops(North China) Ministry of AgricultureBeijing 100097China Beijing key laboratory of Vegetable germplasm improvement Beijing 100097China

Heterosis is a complex phenomenon in which hybrids show better phenotypic characteristics than their parents *** cabbage(Brassica rapa ***)is a popular leafy crop species,hybrids of which are widely used in commercial production;however,the molecular basis of heterosis for biomass of Chinese cabbage is poorly *** characterized heterosis in a Chinese cabbage hybrid cultivar and its parental lines from the seedling stage to the heading stage;marked heterosis of leaf weight and biomass yield were *** RNA sequencing revealed 63 and 50 differentially expressed microRNAs(DEMs)at the seedling and early-heading stages,*** expression levels ofthe majority of miRNA clusters in the hybrid were lower than the mid-parent values(MPVs).Using degradome sequencing,we identi fied 1,819 miRNA target *** ontology(GO)analyses demonstrated that the target genes ofthe MPV-DEMs and low parental expression level dominance(ELD)miRNAs were signi ficantly enriched in leaf morphogenesis,leaf development,and leaf *** analysis revealed that the expression levels of photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis-related MPV-DEGs(differentially expressed genes)were signi ficantly different in the F_(1) hybrid compared to the parental lines,resulting in increased photosynthesis capacity and chlorophyll content in the ***,expression of genes known to regulate leaf development was also observed at the seedling *** plants overexpressing BrGRF4.2 and bra-miR396 presented increased and decreased leaf sizes,*** results provide new insight into the regulation of target genes and miRNA expression patterns in leaf size and heterosis for biomass of ***.

关键词： heading seedling analysis

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Mapping and validation of a dominant salt tolerance gene in the cultivated soybean(Glycine max) variety Tiefeng 8

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The Crop Journal 2014年第6期2卷 358-365页

作者： Rongxia Guan Jiangang Chen Jinghan Jiang Guangyu Liu Ying Liu Lei Tian Lili Yu Ruzhen Chang Li-juan Qiu The National key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic improvement (NFCRI) Key Laboratory of Germplasm & Biotechnology (MOA)Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Salt is an abiotic stress factor that strongly affects soybean growth and production. A single dominant gene has been shown to confer salt tolerance in the soybean cultivar Tiefeng *** objective of the present study was to genetically map the salt-tolerance gene in an F2:3population and a recombinant inbred line(RIL) population derived from a cross between two cultivated soybeans, Tiefeng 8(tolerant) and 85-140(sensitive). The F2:3families and RILs were treated with 200 mmol L-1Na Cl to evaluate salt tolerance. The F2:3population showed 1(42 tolerant): 2(132 segregating): 1(65 sensitive) segregation, indicating a single dominant gene for salt tolerance in Tiefeng 8. A sequence-characterized amplified region(SCAR) marker from a previously identified random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)marker and four insertion/deletion polymorphism(In Del) markers were developed within the mapping region. Using these markers along with SSR markers, the salt-tolerance gene was mapped within 209 kb flanked by SCAR marker QS08064 and SSR marker Barcsoyssr_3_1301 on chromosome 3. Three markers that cosegregated with the salt tolerance gene and SCAR marker QS08064 were used to genotype 35 tolerant and 23 sensitive soybean accessions. These markers showed selection efficiencies of 76.2% to94.2%. The results indicate that these markers will be useful for marker-assisted breeding and facilitating map-based cloning of the salt tolerance gene in soybean.

关键词： Salt tolerance Gene mapping Soybean Glycine max

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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated VvPR4b editing decreases downy mildew resistance in grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.)

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 979-989页

作者： Meng-Yuan Li Yun-Tong Jiao Yu-Ting Wang Na Zhang Bian-Bian Wang Rui-Qi Liu Xiao Yin Yan Xu Guo-Tian Liu State key laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and germplasm innovation in Northwest China Ministry of AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China

Downy mildew of grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.),caused by the oomycete pathogen Plasmopara viticola,is one of the most serious concerns for grape production *** has been widely reported that the pathogenesis-related 4(PR4)protein plays important roles in plant resistance to ***,little is known about the role of PR4 in the defense of grapevine against *** this study,we engineered loss-of-function mutations in the VvPR4b gene from the cultivar“Thompson Seedless”using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and evaluated the consequences for downy mildew *** results showed that deletions were the main type of mutation introduced and that no off-target events *** assays using leaf discs showed that,compared to wild-type plants,the VvPR4b knockout lines had increased susceptibility to *** was accompanied by reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species around *** of the relative genomic abundance of *** in VvPR4b knockout lines also demonstrated that the mutants had increased susceptibility to the *** results confirm that VvPR4b plays an active role in the defense of grapevine against downy mildew.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 resistance Vitis

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Identification and transferring of a new Fusarium head blight resistance gene FhbRc2 from Roegneria ciliaris 3ScL chromosome arm into common wheat

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The Crop Journal 2024年第6期12卷 1718-1726页

作者： Rongrong Song Danhua Zhang Jingxin Yang Yifan Cheng Xinying Song Weiping Zhao Mengshuang Xia Yao Zhang Luyang Wei Menghao Cheng Wei Wang Li Sun Haiyan Wang Xiu’e Wang Jin Xiao National key laboratory of Crop Genetics&germplasm Enhancement and Utilization College of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityZhongshan Biological Breeding LaboratoryCollaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production(CIC-MCP)Nanjing 210095JiangsuChina

Fusarium head blight(FHB)threatens wheat production *** of FHB resistant varieties is the most effective solution for disease *** to the limited sources of FHB resistance,mining of novel resistance genes is ***,we report an FHB resistance gene from a wild wheat relative species,Roegneria ciliaris and developed FHB resistant germplasm containing this *** disomic addition line DA3S^(c) showed enhanced type II FHB resistance compared to its sister line 3S^(c)-Null without chromosome 3S^(c),indicating that the resistance was contributed by the addition of 3S^(c).The resistance gene on 3S^(c) was validated using F2 and F2:3 populations derived from the cross between DA3S^(c) and susceptible Aikang 58(a susceptible cultivar),demonstrating that the lines with 3S^(c) had significantly enhanced FHB resistance compared to the individuals without 3S^(c).This was the second resistance gene identified in ***,designated *** transfer FhbRc2 to common wheat,we produced a doublemonosomic chromosome population by crossing DA3S^(c) with the Chinese Spring nulli-tetrasomic line *** alien chromosome lines containing 3S^(c) were identified using genomic/fluorescence in situ hybridization and 3S^(c)-specific marker *** the lines carrying the long arm of 3S^(c) conferred FHB resistance,further locating FhbRc2 on 3S^(c)L.A compensating *** Robertsonian translocation line T3DS·3S^(c)L harboring FhbRc2 is developed and provides a potential genetic resource in wheat breeding for enhanced FHB resistance.

关键词： Triticum aestivum L. Fusarium head blight Roegneria ciliaris Genomic/Fluorescence in situ hybridization Alien chromosome lines

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Chemical Mechanism of Flower Color Microvariation in Paeonia with Yellow Flowers

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2020年第3期6卷 179-190页

作者： Yong Yang Bing Li Chengyong Feng Qian Wu Qianyu Wang Shanshan Li Xiaonan Yu Liangsheng Wang key laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Beijing key laboratory of Ornamental Plants germplasm innovation and Molecular Breeding National Engineering Research Center for FloricultureCollege of Landscape ArchitectureBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Paeonia species are important ornamental plants,including three types:tree peony,herbaceous peony,and Itoh hybrid *** with yellow color is desired and becoming ***,the chemical mechanism of the formation of yellow flowers in Paeonia is still *** this study,14 representative samples were selected:four samples of three species of Paeonia,four herbaceous peony cultivars,three lutea hybrid tree peony cultivars,and three Itoh hybrid peony *** petal extracts of the samples were determined by HPLC-DAD and HPLCQ-TOF-MS/*** total,29 flavonoids were isolated and identified,including 28 flavonol glycosides and one chalcone *** were significant differences in the composition and content of flavonoids in petals of different cultivars(species).The total content of flavonoids was between 19.430 and 143.043 mg·g^−1 *** glycosides were detected in all *** 2′-O-glucoside was detected from one herbaceous peony cultivar‘Golden Wheel’lutea hybrid tree peony cultivars,and Itoh peony *** content of chalconaringenin 2′-O-glucoside in the samples was more than 43% of total *** pigment type and content of lutea hybrid tree peonies and Itoh hybrid peonies are *** flavonoids,especially quercetin 3-O-galloylglucoside and chalconaringenin 2′-O-glucoside contribute greatly to the formation of yellow flowers of *** results of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of the chemical mechanism for yellow flower coloration of Paeonia,and lay the foundation for yellow flower breeding of Paeonia.

关键词： Paeonia Yellow flower HPLC Flavonoid composition Breeding

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Flavonoid extracts from chrysanthemum with appropriate anthocyanins turn blue when exposed to iron ions

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第3期10卷 837-852页

作者： Yanfei Li Jiaying Wang Chenfei Lu Zhongman Wang Chengyan Deng Kang Gao Jingjing Li Zhijun Fang Hao Liu Yan Hong Silan Dai Beijing key laboratory of Ornamental Plants germplasm innovation&Molecular Breeding National Engineering Research Center for FloricultureBeijingLaboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological EnvironmentKey Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of EducationSchool of Landscape ArchitectureBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Beijing Greenland Maintenance and Management Service Center Beijing 102211China Beijing North Asia Landscape Co. Beijing 102211China

Although some species that accumulate only cyanidin(Cy)in nature can produce blue flowers through iron ions,there has been no evidence of blue chrysanthemums being generated in this *** study revealed that flavonoid extracts from the ray florets of the chrysanthemum cultivar‘Wandai Fengguang’turned blue when exposed to Fe^(3+).Samples that could turn blue were labeled as CB(Cy-determined blue flowers),while samples that did not turn blue were labeled as CN(Cy-determined non-blue flowers).After a series of experiments,a stable screening system was established using flavonoid extracts containing NaAc buffer at pH 5.5 and a total anthocyanin concentration(TAC)of 30 μmol·L^(-1),and the addition of Fe^(3+)from 0 to 0.25 μmol·L^(-1)allowed for the selection of five CB samples from 39 chrysanthemum *** five CB samples exhibited flower color phenotypes that belonged to Cluster-I with redness(a*)values ranging from 29.03 to 45.99,yellowness(b*)values from-11.31 to 3.77,and brightness(L*)values from 29.07 to ***,the ratio of TAC to total luteolin concentration(TLC)was found to be a critical factor for distinguishing between CB and CN *** realize the desired blue hue in the flavonoid extracts with the participation of Fe^(3+),a TAC to TLC ratio of 2.25 and above is ***,the protoplasts and ray florets of CB samples that turned blue with the involvement of Fe^(2+)showed great potential for cultivating blue chrysanthemums through ferric-anthocyanin ***,this study reveals that blue flowers can be cultivated through the increase in the iron ion concentration,combined with the accumulation of Cy.

关键词： Chrysanthemum×morifolium Cyanidin Copigment Ferric-anthocyanin chelate Blue flower

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Pathogen development and host responses to Plasmopara viticola in resistant and susceptible grapevines:an ultrastructural study

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Horticulture Research 2017年第1期4卷 171-180页

作者： Xiao Yin Rui-Qi Liu Hang Su Li Su Yu-Rui Guo Zi-Jia Wang Wei Du Mei-Jie Li Xi Zhang Yue-Jin Wang Guo-Tian Liu Yan Xu State key laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100ShaanxiChina College of Horticulture Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100ShaanxiChina key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and germplasm innovation in Northwest China Ministry of AgricultureCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100ShaanxiChina

The downy mildew disease in grapevines is caused by Plasmopara *** disease poses a serious threat wherever viticulture is *** Vitis species showing resistance to *** offer a promising pathway to develop new grapevine cultivars resistant to *** which will allow reduced use of environmentally unfriendly ***,transmission and scanning microscopy was used to compare the resistance responses to downy mildew of three resistant genotypes of *** ***,*** and *** and the suceptible *** cultivar‘Pinot Noir’.Following inoculation with sporangia of *** isolate‘YL’on *** cv.‘Pinot Noir’,the infection was characterized by a rapid spread of intercellular hyphae,a high frequency of haustorium formation within the host’s mesophyll cells,the production of sporangia and by the absence of host-cell *** contrast zoospores were collapsed in the resistant ***‘Baihe-35-1’,or secretions appeared arround stomata at the beginning of the infection period in *** ***‘Langao-5’and ***‘Liuba-8’.The main characteristics of the resistance responses were the rapid depositions of callose and the appearance of empty hyphae and the plasmolysis of penetrated ***,collapsed haustoria were observed in *** ***‘Langao-5’at 5 days post inoculation(dpi)and in ***‘Liuba-8’at 7 ***,necrosis extended beyond the zone of restricted colonization in all three resistant *** were absent in ***‘Liuba-8’and greatly decreased in *** ***‘Langao-5’and in ***‘Baihe-35-1’compared with in *** cv.‘Pinot Noir’.Overall,these results provide insights into the cellular biological basis of the incompatible interactions between the pathogen and the *** indicate a number of several resistant Chinese wild species that could be used in developing new cultivars having good l

关键词： cultivar resistant Vitis

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Fatty acid analysis in the seeds of 50 Paeonia ostii individuals from the same population

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第8期17卷 1758-1767页

作者： WEI Xiao-bao XUE Jing-qi WANG Shun-li XUE Yu-qian LIN Huan SHAO Xing-feng XU Dong-hui ZHANG Xiu-xin key laboratory of Biology and Genetic improvement of Horticultural Crops Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University

Tree peony seeds are rich in α-linolenic acid(ALA), and the peony seed oil is now being produced in China. Paeonia ostii is the most widely used tree peony species for oil extraction, which is commercially called Fengdan and treated as a single cultivar. Here, 50 P. ostii individuals from the same population in northern China were randomly selected for fatty acids(FAs) analysis. Thirteen FAs were isolated, and the most abundant five were palmitic acid(5.31–6.99%), stearic acid(1.22–2.76%), oleic acid(18.78–28.15%), linoleic acid(11.86–26.10%), and ALA(41.11–57.51%). There were significant individual differences of plants in FA quality and quantity and the linoleic acid content in Plant No. 48 even exceeded the scope of 1–99%. Further statistical analysis indicated that most of the individual FAs, saturated FAs, unsaturated FAs, and total FAs levels showed significant positive correlations to each other, whereas the seed yield per plant was independent and not correlated to the factors mentioned above. Ward’s hierarchical clustering results grouped the 50 plants into four clusters based on FA contents and seed yield, and the seven plants in Cluster IV were identified as good candidates for oil production. Our results confirmed that the individual differences did occur in P. ostii and Fengdan cannot be simply treated as one uniform cultivar. Also, these results may help simplify the selection of plants for oil peony breeding and accelerate the development of the oil peony industry.

关键词： Paeonia ostii seed oil fatty acids α-linolenic acid individual difference

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