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Water quality and habitat drive phytoplankton taxonomic and functional group patterns in the Yangtze River

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 144-158页

作者： Wenqi Gao Fangyuan Xiong Ying Lu Wei Xin Haihua Wang Gangpeng Feng Chiping Kong Lei Fang Xiaoping Gao Yushun Chen State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of sciences Jiangxi institute for Fisheries sciences Poyang Lake Fisheries Research Centre of Jiangxi Province East China Sea Fisheries Research institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Jiujiang institute of Agricultural sciences

Background Although phytoplankton are important primary producers in food webs, they are relatively less studied in large rivers compared to other types of systems. To fill this research gap, we studied phytoplankton taxonomic and functional composition and their relationships with water quality, habitat, climate, and land use across 30 river sections in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during 2017–*** Major observed phytoplankton groups were cyanobacteria, bacillariophyta, and chlorophyta. Phytoplankton total abundance, total biomass, and species richness significantly decreased in the dry season compared to the wet season, with the species and functional composition differing significantly between seasons. Phytoplankton species differences between seasons were mainly contributed by Oscillatoria sp., Pseudanabaena sp., and Melosira granulata. The dfferences in phytoplankton functional groups between seasons were mainly contributed by P（including Closterium sp., Melosira sp.）, Lo（including Merismopedia sp., Peridinium sp., Ceratium sp., and Gymnodinium sp.）, and J（including Pediastrum sp., Tetraedron sp., Crucigenia sp., Scenedesmus sp., and Coelastrum sp.）. The variance partitioning showed that water quality（NO3-N, total suspended solids, turbidity） and habitat（water flow, river bank and river channel conditions） were critical factors in shaping phytoplankton patterns, followed by climate and land *** Results indicated that there was significant seasonal variation of phytoplankton in the Yangtze River, with water quality and habitat primarily driving phytoplankton patterns. Our study contributes to the understanding of natural and anthropogenic factors that drive seasonal successional processes of phytoplankton in the Yangtze River. These findings have important implications for environmental management as well as towards the ecological restoration of large rivers.

关键词： Yangtze River Phytoplankton Functional group Water quality Physical habitat

A novel pathogen Fusarium cuneirostrum causing common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)root rot in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第1期23卷 166-176页

作者： Dong Deng Wenqi Wu Canxing Duan Suli Sun Zhendong Zhu institute of Crop sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Several fungal pathogens cause root rot of common bean,among which Fusarium *** the most common pathogens causing Fusarium root rot(FRR)*** has been becoming an increasingly severe disease of common bean in China,but the species of Fusarium *** remained ***,this study was performed to identify the pathogen causing common bean root rot in Liangcheng County,Inner Mongolia,*** Fusarium-like isolates were obtained after pathogen isolation and *** pathogenicity test indicated that eight isolates caused severe disease symptoms on common bean,while 11 other isolates were not *** eight pathogenic isolates,FCL1–FCL8,were identified as Fusarium cuneirostrum by morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis using partial sequences of EF-1α,ITS,28S,and IGS *** range test showed that the representative *** isolate FCL3 was also pathogenic to mung bean,while not pathogenic to adzuki bean,chickpea,cowpea,faba bean,pea,and ***,50 common bean and 50 mung bean cultivars were screened for resistance to FRR,and seven highly resistant or resistant cultivars of common bean were identified,while no resistant cultivars of mung bean were *** study revealed that *** was one of common bean FRR pathogens in Inner Mongolia and it could induce mung bean root rot as *** our knowledge,this is the first report of *** causing FRR of common bean in China.

关键词： Fusarium cuneirostrum fusarium root rot pathogenicity molecular phylogenetic analysis Phaseolus vulgaris

Thermo-and pH-sensitive Polymer with Pendant Spacer-linked Imidazole Cycles

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第4期42卷 437-445页

作者： Natalya V.Zakharova Stanislav N.Zelinskiy Mariya S.Strelova Elena N.Danilovtseva Vadim V.Annenkov institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of sciences Saint Petersburg199004Russia Limnological institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of sciences Irkutsk664033Russia

By the reaction of poly(acryloyl chloride) with N-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole, poly(N-(3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl)acrylamide) was synthesized. The new polymer contains an imidazole ring removed from the main chain by a spacer of five bonds. The structure and purity, molecular weight, hydrodynamic and thermosensitive properties of the obtained sample were studied by1H-and13C-NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, acid-base titration, light scattering, turbidimetry and viscometry. The observed ability of the imidazole-containing polymer to form and destroy associates in water-salt solutions at pH 6.6-7.4 and temperatures of 29-48℃ indicates that these are promising candidates for designing complex biomedical systems. The new polymer is able to form complexes with oligo-DNA more actively than poly(1-vinylimidazole), which is of interest for gene delivery applications. The polymer cross-linked with epichlorohydrin gives micro-relief coatings on the plastic surface, and the modified surface is able to attach negatively charged objects. This thermo-and pH-sensitive polymer modification can be applied to create finely controlled surfaces for cell culturing.

关键词： Imidazole-containing polymer Thermolability pH-sensitivity The modified surface DNA immobilization

A four-band index for both liquid and solid water and its applications in the Aral Sea Basin

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第3期67卷 769-788页

作者： Bing YUE Xi CHEN Saibo LI Zhengping DU John WILSON Junhui YANG Yimen JIAO Shuangyan HUANG Chenghu ZHOU Xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Spatial sciences institute University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-0374USA

Various investigations have been conducted to analyze the water-coverage area of the Aral Sea and the Aral Sea Basin(ASB). However, the investigations incorporated considerable uncertainty and the used water indices had misclassification problem, which made different research groups present different results. Thus we first ascertain the boundaries of the ASB, the Syr and Amu river basins as well as their upper, middle and lower reaches. Then a four-band index for both liquid and solid water(ILSW) is proposed to address the misclassification problems of the classic water indices. ILSW is calculated by using the reflectance values of the green, red, near infrared, and thermal infrared bands, which combines the normalized difference water index(NDWI) and land surface temperature(LST) together. Validation results show that the ILSW water index has the highest accuracy by far in the Aral Sea Basin. Our results indicate that annual average decline of the water-coverage area was 963 km^(2) in the southern Aral Sea, whereas the northern Aral Sea has experienced little change. In the meanwhile, permanent ice and snow in upper reach of ASB has retreated considerably. Annual retreating rates of the permanent ice and snow were respectively 6233and 3841 km^(2) in upper reaches of Amu river basin(UARB) and Syr river basin(USRB). One of major reasons is that climate has become warmer in ASB. The climate change has caused serious water deficit problem. The water deficit had an increasing trend since the 1990s and its increasing rates was 3.778 billion m^(3) yearly on average. The total water deficit was 76.967 billion m^(3) on average in the whole area of ASB in the 2010s. However, up reaches of Syr river basin(USRB), a component area of ASB, had water surplus of 25.461 billion m^(3). These conclusions are useful for setting out a sustainable development strategy in ASB.

关键词： Aral Sea Basin Syr river basin Amu river basin Water indices Water-coverage area Water deficit Climate change

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New findings on the influence of El Nino events on tropical cyclone formation

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第3期67卷 892-893页

作者： Liguang WU Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic sciences Institute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Tropical cyclones typically form over warm tropical and subtropical ocean surfaces, as their formation and intensification rely primarily on the energy provided by the ocean. Pioneering research by Gray (1968) revealed that the formation of tropical cyclones requires the sea surface temperature (SST) to be no less than 26.5℃. Consequently, SST is commonly recognized as a crucial parameter among the environmental factors influencing tropical cyclone formation(Gray, 1979;Emanuel and Nolan, 2004).

关键词： tropical cyclone ocean

Space advanced technology demonstration satellite

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 240-258页

作者： ZHANG XiaoFeng CHEN Wen ZHU XiaoCheng MENG Na HE JunWang BI XingZi ZHANG YongHe SHI Qi LI Fei LIU Rui FENG ZhengGong LIU Liu LI JinSong WU HaiChen XU DongXiao LI TaiJie HUANG JiangJiang LIU Shuo LI TianTong YU XianSheng GAO Yang ZHOU Heng BAN HanYu ZHANG YanLi ZHANG YueTing YANG YingQuan HE Tao DUAN XuLiang CHEN Xin WANG YaMin SUN AnTai ZHANG KuoXiang SUN Ying WANG YaoBin FAN ChengCheng XIONG ShaoLin LI XinQiao WEN XiangYang LING ZhiXing SUN XiaoJin ZHANG Chen BAI XianYong WANG ZhanShan DENG YuanYong TIAN Hui YANG JianFeng XUE HongBo SANG Peng LIU JinGuo ZHENG HuiLong ZHU Xiang HE JianWu LI Hui XU LuXiang XU ShuYan CHEN WenWu LIU ZhenDong WANG ZhaoLi MAO XiangLong GAO Rong LI ZongXuan DING GuoPeng WANG XinYu DOU RunJiang WENG LuBin LUO Hao WANG YaPing LIANG XianFeng FANG ZiRuo Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201203China institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China National Astronomical Observatory of China Beijing 100101China Shanghai institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200083China institute of Precision Optical Engineering School of Physics Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China School of Earth and Space sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Xi’an institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710119China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Shenyang institute of Automation Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Shanghai institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Hangzhou institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China Nanyang Technological University Singapore 569830Singapore Dalian institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China Technical institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Changchun institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130033China institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083China institute of Automation Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

The Space Advanced Technology demonstration satellite(SATech-01),a mission for low-cost space science and new technology experiments,organized by Chinese Academy of sciences(CAS),was successfully launched into a Sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of~500 km on July 27,2022,from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch *** as an experimental platform for space science exploration and the demonstration of advanced common technologies in orbit,SATech-01 is equipped with 16 experimental payloads,including the solar upper transition region imager(SUTRI),the lobster eye imager for astronomy(LEIA),the high energy burst searcher(HEBS),and a High Precision Magnetic Field Measurement System based on a CPT Magnetometer(CPT).It also incorporates an imager with freeform optics,an integrated thermal imaging sensor,and a multi-functional integrated imager,*** paper provides an overview of SATech-01,including a technical description of the satellite and its scientific payloads,along with their on-orbit performance.

关键词： SATech-01 spacecraft design scientific instruments on-orbit performance

OsDA1 positively regulates grain width in rice

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The Crop Journal 2024年第1期12卷 92-101页

作者： Cong Li Jun Liu Liya Zhang Tao Li Hongyu Li Bin Liu Tao Zhao institute of Crop sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China institute of Nanfan&Seed Industry Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510316GuangdongChina

The size and shape of rice grains influence their yield and commercial *** investigated the role of OsDA1,a rice homolog of the Arabidopsis DA1 gene,in regulating grain size and ***1 was highly expressed in young spikelets and *** overexpression led to enlarged seeds with increased width and decreased length/width ratio(LWR)and knocking out OsDA1 reduced grain width and increased grain length and LWR.A R310K point mutation in the DA1-like domain is a potential target for breeding for increased grain width and ***1 interacted with TCP gene-family proteins to regulate grain size and *** findings deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying grain size regulation and provide useful information for improving grain yield.

关键词： Rice Osda1 Grain size Grain shape Grain length/width ratio TCP

Development of 400-μW cryogen-free dilution refrigerators for quantum experiments

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第7期33卷 28-35页

作者：关翔樊洁边勇波程智刚姬忠庆 institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

We have successfully developed cryogen-free dilution refrigerators with medium cooling power that can be applied to quantum experiments. Breakthroughs have been made in some key technologies and components of heat switches and dilution units. Our prototype has been running continuously and stably for more than 100 hours below 10 m K, with a minimum temperature of 7.6 m K and a cooling power of 450 μW at 100 m K. At the same time, we have also made progress in the application of dilution refrigerators, such as quantum computing, low-temperature detector, and magnet integration. These indicators and test results indicate good prospects for application in physics, astronomy, and quantum information.

关键词： cryogen-free dilution refrigerator quantum computing low-temperature detector superconducting magnet

ESM Cloud Toolkit: A Copilot for Energy Storage Material Research

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第5期41卷 40-46页

作者：许晶肖睿娟李泓 institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Searching and designing new materials play crucial roles in the development of energy storage devices. In today's world where machine learning technology has shown strong predictive ability for various tasks, the combination with machine learning technology will accelerate the process of material development. Herein, we develop ESM Cloud Toolkit for energy storage materials based on Mat Elab platform, which is designed as a convenient and accurate way to automatically record and save the raw data of scientific research. The ESM Cloud Toolkit includes multiple features such as automatic archiving of computational simulation data, post-processing of experimental data, and machine learning applications. It makes the entire research workflow more automated and reduces the entry barrier for the application of machine learning technology in the domain of energy storage materials. It integrates data archive, traceability, processing, and reutilization, and allows individual research data to play a greater role in the era of AI.

关键词： Toolkit Storage ESM