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DNA metabarcoding analysis of fungal community on surface of four root herbs

Chinese Herbal Medicines 2024年第1期16卷 143-150页

作者： Yujie Dao Jingsheng Yu Meihua Yang Jianping Han Chune Fan Xiaohui Pang institute of medicinal plant development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100193China

Objective: Angelicae Sinensis Radix(ASR, Danggui in Chinese), Cistanches Herba(CH, Roucongrong in Chinese), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma(PG, Renshen in Chinese), and Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(PQ,Xiyangshen in Chinese), widely used as medicine and dietary supplement around the world, are susceptible to fungal and mycotoxin contamination. In this study, we aim to analyze their fungal community by DNA metabarcoding.Methods: A total of 12 root samples were collected from three main production areas in China. The samples were divided into four groups based on herb species, including ASR, CH, PG, and PQ groups. The fungal community on the surface of four root groups was investigated through DNA metabarcoding via targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 region(ITS2).Results: All the 12 samples were detected with fungal contamination. Rhizopus(13.04%-74.03%),Aspergillus(1.76%-23.92%), and Fusarium(0.26%-15.27%) were the predominant genera. Ten important fungi were identified at the species level, including two potential toxigenic fungi(Penicillium citrinum and P. oxalicum) and eight human pathogenic fungi(Alternaria infectoria, Candida sake, Hyphopichia burtonii, Malassezia globosa, M. restricta, Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Ochroconis tshawytschae). Fungal community in ASR and CH groups was significantly different from other groups,while fungal community in PG and PQ groups was relatively similar.Conclusion: DNA metabarcoding revealed the fungal community in four important root herbs. This study provided an important reference for preventing root herbs against fungal and mycotoxin contamination.

关键词： Angelicae Sinensis Radix Cistanches Herba DNA metabarcoding fungi Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma ITS2 Panacis Quinquefolii Radix root herbs

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Perspective and challenges of mycorrhizal symbiosis in orchid medicinal plants

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2024年第2期16卷 172-179页

作者： Chunyan Leng Mengyan Hou Yongmei Xing Juan Chen Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Ministry of EducationInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100193China

The family Orchidaceae is of the most diverse taxon in the plant kingdom,and most of its members are highly valuable herbal medicines.Orchids have a unique mycorrhizal symbiotic relationship with specific fungi for carbohydrate and nutrient supplies in their whole lifecycle.The large-scale cultivation of the medicinal plant Gastodia elata is a successful example of using mycorrhizal symbiotic technology.In this review,we adopted G.elata and Dendrobium officinale as examples to describe the characteristics of orchid mycorrhiza and mycorrhizal benefits for host plants’growth and health(e.***.biotic and abiotic stress and secondary metabolite accumulation).The challenges in applying mycorrhizal technology to the cultivation of orchid medicinal plants in the future were also discussed.This review aims to serve as a theoretical guide for the cultivation of mycorrhizal technology in medicinal orchid plants.

关键词： Dendrobium officinale Kimura&Migo ecological cultivation Gastodia elata Blume mycorrhiza orchid medicinal plants symbiosis mechanisms

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Genetic diversity of food-medicinal Lycium spp. in China: Insights from chloroplast genome

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2024年第3期16卷 401-411页

作者： Ruyu Yao Bin Wang Michael Heinrich Qiuling Wang Peigen Xiao institute of medicinal plant development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Kunming institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and development of Southern Medicine Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Research Group 'Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy' UCL School of PharmacyUniversity of London

Objective:Goji(fruits of Lycium spp.) is commonly consumed as food and medicine.The increasing market demand for goji has led to its wide cultivation and broad breeding,which might cause loss of genetic diversity.This study aims to uncover the genetic diversity of the cultivated and wild Lycium.Methods:The chloroplast genome(CPG) of 34 accessions of Chinese food-medicinal Lycium spp., including the popular cultivars and their wild relatives,was re-sequenced and assembled,based on which the genetic diversity was evaluated.Results:Sequence structural comparison shows that CPG is comparatively conserved within species.Phylogenetic analysis indicates that CPG is sufficient for the discrimination of Lycium species;combined with nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer(Nr ITS) sequences,materials with mixed genetic backgrounds can be identified.Nucleotide diversity analysis reveals that the modern cultivars are probably with a common maternal parent,while the wild accessions are with higher level of genetic diversity.Conclusion:For the first time this study reveals the intraspecies genetic diversity of Lycium spp.using CPG,highlighting the urgent conservation demand of wild genetic resources of Lycium.Our study also demonstrates that CPG provides crucial evidence for identification of Lycium species with mixed genetic backgrounds and highlights the importance of the wild relatives in genetic diversity conservation.This CPG-based technology will contribute to the sustainable development of medicinal plants broadly.

关键词： chloroplast genome cultivar food-medicine genetic diversity goji wild relative

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Isolation of exogenous fungi from Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and preliminary analysis of toxigenic fungi

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Journal of Future Foods 2024年第2期4卷 179-182页

作者： Lei Zhou Xiangsheng Zhao Xiaomin Liu Hefang Wan Chun Sui Xuyu Chen Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Ministry of EducationNational Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal MaterialsInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development(IMPLAD)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100193China Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and development of Southern Medicine Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeHaikou 570311China

Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma(Sanqi in Chinese)is a precious traditional Chinese herbal medicine.It has the effect of dispersing blood stasis and stopping bleeding,reducing swelling and fixing pain.However,it tends to contaminate with harmful fungi during storage,which may make it much less effective.In order to understand the fungal contamination of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and master its composition of the exogenous fungi.The surface fungi of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma samples collected from six Chinese provinces and districts were investigated by using dilution plate method.Detection of aflatoxins by UPLC-MS/MS.The results showed that Penicillium citrinum was dominantly isolated from Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma samples from No.1 to No.4.Aspergillus flavus,which produces aflatoxin,was dominantly isolated from Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma samples from No.5 and No.6.In addition,kinds of mycotoxin were assayed which were produced by three of those identified A.flavus.All three fungi strains produced aflatoxin B1(AFB1)and one strain HBSQ1-5 additionally produced other three kinds of mycotoxin,AFB2,AFG1 and AFG2.It is the results implied that it will be very important to take serious cautions when using Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma.As well as,understanding the composition of the exogenous fungi of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and the strains of toxin-producing fungi,which can play an important role in guiding the storage of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma.

关键词： Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma Exogenous fungal Amplicon sequencing Mycotoxin

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Rhizosphere microbial markers (micro-markers): A new physical examination indicator for traditional Chinese medicines

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2024年第2期16卷 180-189页

作者： Kailin Yang Yaping Zheng Kangmeng Sun Xinyan Wu Zheng Zhang Chunnian He Peigen Xiao institute of medicinal plant development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100193China Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Ministry of EducationBeijing 100193China

Rhizosphere microorganisms,as one of the most important components of the soil microbiota and plant holobiont,play a key role in the medicinal plant-soil ecosystem,which are closely related to the growth,adaptability,nutrient absorption,stress tolerance and pathogen resistance of host plants.In recent years,with the wide application of molecular biology and omics technologies,the outcomes of rhizosphere microorganisms on the health,biomass production and secondary metabolite biosynthesis of medicinal plants have received extensive attention.However,whether or to what extent rhizosphere microorganisms can contribute to the construction of the quality evaluation system of Chinese medicinal materials is still elusive.Based on the significant role of rhizosphere microbes in the survival and quality formation of medicinal plants,this paper proposed a new concept of rhizosphere microbial markers(micro-markers),expounded the relevant research methods and ideas of applying the new concept,highlighted the importance of micro-markers in the quality evaluation and control system of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs),and introduced the potential value in soil environmental assessment,plant pest control and quality assessment of TCMs.It provides reference for developing ecological planting of TCMs and ensuring the production of high quality TCMs by regulating rhizosphere microbial communities.

关键词： physical examination indicator quality evaluation quality formation of medicinal plants rhizosphere microorganisms rhizosphere microbial markers

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Dammarane-type triterpenoids from Gynostemma longipes and their protective activities on hypoxia-induced injury in PC12 cells

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2024年第5期22卷 466-480页

作者： LIANG Haizhen CHEN Xiaojuan LI Qi ZHANG Mengmeng LU Pengxin ZHANG Jie SONG Juan ZHANG Tao GUO Baolin MA Baiping Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Beijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing 100850China institute of medicinal plant development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100193China AnKang Chia Tai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.Shaanxi 725000China

Sixteen new dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins(1-16)featuring diverse structural variations in the side chain at C-17,along with twenty-one known analogues(17-37),have been isolated from the rhizomes of Gynostemma longipes C.Y.Wu,a plant renowned for its medicinal and edible properties.The structural elucidation of these compounds was accomplished through comprehensive analyses of 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS spectroscopic data,supplemented by comparison with previously reported data.Subsequent assays on the isolates for their protective effects against hypoxia-induced damage in pheochromocytoma cells(PC12 cells)revealed that nine saponins exhibited significant anti-hypoxic activities.Further investigation into the anti-hypoxia mechanisms of the representative saponins demonstrated that compounds 22 and 36 markedly reduced the levels of hypoxia-induced apoptosis.Additionally,these compounds were found to decrease the release of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and malondialdehyde(MDA),while increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),thereby indicating that the saponins could mitigate hypoxia-induced injuries by ameliorating apoptosis and oxidative stress.These findings offer substantial evidence for the future utilization and development of G.longipes,identifying dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins as its active anti-hypoxic constituents.

关键词： Gynostemma longipes Dammarane-type saponins Anti-hypoxia effect Apoptosis

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Multi-omics:Powerful accelerator for uncovering plant specialized metabolic pathways:The case of leonurine

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Molecular plant 2024年第1期17卷 13-15页

作者： Priyanka Gupta Anuj Sharma Dinesh A.Nagegowda Molecular plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsResearch CentreBengaluru 560065India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Ghaziabad 201002India

As sessile organisms,plants employ a unique adaptive strategy to survive harsh terrestrial environments and defend against or interact with coevolving animals and microorganisms.This strategy involves expanding their metabolic systems,resulting in the production of plant specialized metabolites(PSMs)or natural products.Chemically,PSMs constitute a highly diverse group of compounds based on their common core structure,comprising terpenoids,phenylpropanoids,benzenoids,alkaloids and nitrogen-containing compounds,glucosinolates,indoles and sulfur-containing indole compounds,phenolics,and fatty acid derivatives(Garagounis et al.,2021).

关键词： expanding alkaloids sulfur

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Identification and characterization of camptothecin tailoring enzymes in Nothapodytes tomentosa

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1158-1169页

作者： Yin Chen Jian-Ping Huang Yong-Jiang Wang Meng-Ling Tu Junheng Li Bingyan Xu Guoqing Peng Jing Yang Sheng-Xiong Huang State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural medicinal Chemistry Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Economic plants and Biotechnology Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences

Camptothecin is a complex monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with remarkable antitumor activity. Given that two C-10 modified camptothecin derivatives,topotecan and irinotecan, have been approved as potent anticancer agents, there is a critical need for methods to access other aromatic ringfunctionalized congeners(e.g., C-9, C-10, etc.).However, contemporary methods for chemical oxidation are generally harsh and low-yielding when applied to the camptothecin scaffold, thereby limiting the development of modified derivatives. Reported herein, we have identified four tailoring enzymes responsible for C-9 modifications of camptothecin from Nothapodytes tomentosa, via metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis. These consist of a cytochrome P450(Nt CPT9H) which catalyzes the regioselective oxidation of camptothecin to 9-hydroxycamptothecin, as well as two methyltransferases(Nt OMT1/2, converting 9-hydroxycamptothecin to 9-methoxycamptothecin),and a uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferase(Nt UGT5, decorating 9-hydroxycamptothecin to9-β-D-glucosyloxycamptothecin). Importantly, the critical residues that contribute to the specific catalytic activity of Nt CPT9H have been elucidated through molecular docking and mutagenesis experiments. This work provides a genetic basis for producing camptothecin derivatives through metabolic engineering. This will hasten the discovery of novel C-9 modified camptothecin derivatives,with profound implications for pharmaceutical manufacture.

关键词： camptothecin biosynthesis enzymatic assay Nothapodytes tomentosa tailoring enzyme transcriptomic analysis

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Analysis on patents of health care products with substances of medicine food homology in China

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2024年第3期16卷 412-421页

作者： Haibo Liu Yanfeng Wang Jiali Huang Zhengqi Dong Peigen Xiao institute of medicinal plant development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Patent Information Resources State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing Academy of Science and Technology

Objective:The concept of substances of medicine food homology(SMFH) has garnered significant attention in recent years.This study conducts a systematic analysis of patent literature related to SMFH,and elucidates the development trends,technical hotspots,and the overall patent protection landscape of SMFH in China over the past two decades.Methods:The patent search focused on the SMFH varieties as the objects of inquiry,with retrieval conducted in patent databases.Subsequently,the acquired data underwent processing,analysis,and visualization.Results:While the technical threshold for pharmaceutical applications surpasses that of the food service sector,the former may assume a prominent role in the future.Research and development(R&D) activities in the southeast of China demonstrate robust activity than other regions.Colleges and scientific research institutions exhibit substantial advantages in patent applications compared with individuals and hold greater potential for future development.Conclusion:The findings of this patent analysis indicate that China's SMFH industry are presently undergoing a transition from an extensive model to a high-quality model. The quality and technical standards of SMFH products are consistently improving.Consequently,there is a need for more stringent patent application requirements to align with the evolving development needs.

关键词： patent analysis patent pattern substances of medicine food homology traditional Chinese medicine

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TaSRO1 interacts with TaVP1 to modulate seed dormancy and pre-harvest sprouting resistance in wheat

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2024年第1期66卷 36-53页

作者： Shupeng Liu Li Li Wenlong Wang Guangmin Xia Shuwei Liu Key Laboratory of plant development and Environmental Adaptation Biology Ministry of EducationSchool of Life ScienceShandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

Dormancy is an adaptive trait which prevents seeds from germinating under unfavorable environmental conditions.Seeds with weak dormancy undergo pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)which decreases grain yield and quality.Understanding the genetic mechanisms that regulate seed dormancy and resistance to PHS is crucial for ensuring global food security.In this study,we illustrated the function and molecular mechanism of TaSRO1 in the regulation of seed dormancy and PHS resistance by suppressing TaVP1.The tasro1 mutants exhibited strong seed dormancy and enhanced resistance to PHS,whereas the mutants of tavp1 displayed weak dormancy.Genetic evidence has shown that TaVP1 is epistatic to TaSRO1.Biochemical evidence has shown that TaSRO1 interacts with TaVP1 and represses the transcriptional activation of the PHS resistance genes TaPHS1 and TaSdr.Furthermore,TaSRO1 undermines the synergistic activation of TaVP1 and TaABI5 in PHS resistance genes.Finally,we highlight the great potential of tasro1 alleles for breeding elite wheat cultivars that are resistant to PHS.

关键词： wheat seed dormancy pre-harvest sprouting(PHS) ABA signaling vivipary

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