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Ammonium Salt Deposition Characteristics in an Air Cooler System Based on the Coupling of Fluid flow and Heat Transfer Simulation

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2019年第4期21卷 94-102页

作者： Jin Haozhe Zhou Junfeng Liu Wenwen Liu Xiaofei Ou Guofu the institute of flow-induced corrosion Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018 The Insititute of flow-induced corrosion and Intelligent Precaution and Control Changzhou UniversityChangzhou 213016

The ammonium salt corrosion is a typical failure mode for the hydrogenation reaction effluent air cooler(REAC) system. In order to investigate the corrosion characteristics in the REAC system, numerical simulations were performed by using the mixture model, the heating transfer model, and the particles tracking model. The results show that the differences between the temperature and the velocity at each cross section of the first-row and second-row tubes are small. The inertia of the particles plays an important role in the particle’s deposition, and the smaller particles distribute more uniformly in the air cooler. However, for larger particles, they prefer falling from the inner side of the vertical elbow, and preferentially depositing at the inlet header and pipes before saturation. In the heat exchanger tubes, the particle deposition number is larger in the second-row tubes than that in the first-row tubes, and the high-risk tubes mainly concentrate on the middle and right side of the air cooler. The kinetic parameters of the particles are in accordance with the blocking-prone position in many real operating conditions.

关键词： hydrogenation air cooler multiphase flow ammonium salt corrosion particles drifting

Mixing and Vaporization Process of Injecting Water in Hydrogenation Unit

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2021年第4期23卷 141-150页

作者： Liu Xiaofei Yu Chenyang Zhu Haiyan Xu Henghui Jin Haozhe Wang Chao Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Institute of Flow Induced CorrosionHangzhou 310018

Injecting water into the main pipeline is a common method to prevent the ammonium salt corrosion in hydrogenation *** use of spray nozzle can enhance the effects of washing ammonium salt and reduce the risk of ammonium salt *** droplet atomization and evaporation model were used to investigate the mixing process of injecting water and gas-oil mixture in a high-pressure *** effects of some key parameters including fluid velocity,temperature,and droplet volume fraction on the mixing and vaporization process were *** simulation results show that with the increase of injecting water flow rate,the fluid velocity increases and the temperature decreases *** the mass flow rate of injecting water is 1.5 t/h,the droplet has the maximum evaporation efficiency and the volume fraction reaches a minimum ***,with the increase of atomization angle and droplet size,the mean velocity and the temperature of fluid decrease *** increase of atomization angle or the decrease of droplet size will accelerate the evaporation process of droplets and reduce the droplet volume fraction,which indicates that the droplet slip velocity and the contact area are the key factors affecting the droplet evaporation rate.

关键词： water injection evaporation numerical simulation hydrogenation unit

Simulation of Gas Oil Hydrotreater Heat Exchange Tube and Crystallization Prediction of NH_(4)Cl by Thermodynamic Equilibrium

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2023年第2期25卷 142-154页

作者： Jin Haozhe Liu Xinyu Liu Xiaofei Gu Youjie Li Xiaojun Fu Dexiao institute of flow-induced corrosion Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018 Key Laboratory of Fluid Transmission Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018 institute of flow-induced corrosion and Intelligent Prevention and Control Changzhou UniversityChangzhou 213164

The hydrotreater system heat exchanger is one of the main pieces of heat exchange equipment in petrochemical *** recent years,oil resources have shown a deterioration trend of high sulfur and high acid content,with corrosion risk being prominent in oil *** the multi-medium flow corrosion risk of the hydrotreater heat exchanger pipeline in a petrochemical enterprise as the research object,based on the parameter characteristics of corrosive NH_(3) and HCl media under a high-temperature and high-pressure environment,the ammonium salt crystallization and deposition mechanism under multi-phase flow is *** thermodynamic equilibrium curve is modified based on the thermodynamic principle and fugacity coefficient variation,and the prediction model of ammonium chloride crystallization in hydrotreater heat exchanger under high temperature and high pressure is constructed according to the *** study uses the mixture model,the flow-thermal coupling method,and the discrete phase model method to carry out the numerical simulation of multiphase flow and the numerical prediction of particle distribution characteristics in the heat exchanger pipeline of the hydrotreater heat exchange equipment,so as to realize the quantitative prediction of the particle crystallization deposition distribution in the *** results show that with the decrease of temperature,the crystallization occurs first on both sides of the center of the tube bundle,and more crystallization occurs in the lower half of the U-shaped tube,which may seriously lead to problems such as pipe blockage and under-deposit corrosion.

关键词： hydrotreating processing process modeling thermodynamic equilibrium ammonium salt crystallization numerical simulation and prediction

Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Erosion corrosion of the Air Cooler Tube Bundle in a Residue Hydrotreating Unit

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2022年第4期24卷 151-162页

作者： Jin Haozhe Yu Chenyang Gu Youjie Qian Guangwei Liu Xiaofei Ou Guofu Jia Yongna institute of flow-induced corrosion Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018China institute of flow-induced corrosion and Intelligent Prevention and Control Changzhou UniversityChangzhou 213164China Intelligent Interconnection Department Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology Group Co.Ltd.Changzhou 213164China

corrosion leakage occurred in the 14th tube bundle in the first row of a residual oil hydrotreating air cooler after operating for two *** failure location was 0.5 m from the outlet header *** this paper,the erosion corrosion of the air cooler tube bundle was investigated by experimental and numerical *** inspection,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and X-ray diffraction(XRD)experiments were performed,and the failure morphology and material composition confirmed that the damage was caused by erosion *** shear stress transport k–ωturbulence model(SST-k–ω)was then used to investigate the flow and erosion corrosion characteristics,combined with mass transfer,corrosion rate,and ionization equilibrium *** numerical simulation results revealed that the water phase volume fraction increased with flow and heat transfer in the fluid,which increased the mass flow rate and concentration of hydrogen *** mass transfer coefficient and corrosion rate were proposed as important parameters to characterize erosion ***,the local concentration of wall shear stress was found to increase the risk of erosion *** predicted high-risk area was consistent with the actual failure area,which verified that this failure incident was attributable to erosion corrosion by the water phase.

关键词： erosion corrosion air cooler tube bundle(ACTB) residue thinning hydrogen sulfide

Functional Link Neural Network for Predicting Crystallization Temperature of Ammonium Chloride in Air Cooler System

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2020年第2期22卷 86-92页

作者： Jin Haozhe Gu Yong Ren Jia Wu Xiangyao Quan Jianxun Xu Linfengyi the institute of flow-induced corrosion Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering&Automation Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018

The air cooler is an important equipment in the petroleum refining *** chloride(NH4 Cl)deposition-induced corrosion is one of its main failure *** this study,the ammonium salt crystallization temperature is chosen as the key decision variable of NH4 Cl deposition-induced corrosion through in-depth mechanism research and experimental *** functional link neural network(FLNN)is adopted as the basic algorithm for modeling because of its advantages in dealing with non-linear problems and its fast-computational ability.A hybrid FLNN attached to a small norm is built to improve the generalization performance of the ***,the trained model is used to predict the NH4 Cl salt crystallization temperature in the air cooler of a sour water stripper *** results show the proposed improved FLNN algorithm can achieve better generalization performance than the PLS,the back propagation neural network,and the conventional FLNN models.

关键词： air cooler NH4Cl salt crystallization temperature data-driven functional link neural network particle swarm optimization

Assessing the corrosion protection property of coatings loaded with corrosion inhibitors using the real-time atmospheric corrosion monitoring technique

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 119-126页

作者： Xiaoxue Wang Lulu Jin Jinke Wang Rongqiao Wang Xiuchun Liu Kai Gao Jingli Sun Yong Yuan Lingwei Ma Hongchang Qian Dawei Zhang School of Energy and Power Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Beijing institute of Space Long March Vehicle Beijing 100076China National Materials corrosion and Protection Data Center University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China institute of Materials Intelligent Technology Liaoning Academy of MaterialsShenyang 110004China Shanghai Spaceflight Precision Machinery institute Shanghai 201600China

The atmospheric corrosion monitoring(ACM)technique has been widely employed to track the real-time corrosion behavior of metal ***,limited studies have applied ACM to the corrosion protection properties of organic *** study compared a bare epoxy coating with one containing zinc phosphate corrosion inhibitors,both applied on ACM sensors,to observe their corrosion protection properties over *** with artificial damage via scratches were exposed to immersion and alternating dry and wet environments,which allowed for monitoring galvanic corrosion currents in *** the corrosion tests,the ACM currents of the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating were considerably lower than those of the blank epoxy *** trend in ACM current variations closely matched the results obtained from regular electrochemical tests and surface *** alignment highlights the potential of the ACM technique in evaluating the corrosion protection capabilities of organic *** with the blank epoxy coating,the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating showed much-decreased ACM current values that confirmed the effective inhibition of zinc phosphate against steel corrosion beneath the damaged coating.

关键词： atmospheric corrosion monitoring technology corrosion inhibitor coating carbon steel corrosion protection

Effects of d-Phenylalanine as a biocide enhancer of THPS against the microbiologically influenced corrosion of C1018 carbon steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第1期35卷 109-117页

作者： Jin Xu Ru Jia Dongqing Yang Cheng Sun Tingyue Gu Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase Technology Ohio University Environmental corrosion Center Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC) is caused by biofilms such as those of sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB). To mitigate MIC, biocide treatment is often needed. Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate(THPS) is an environmentally friendly biocide that is often used in the oil and gas industry. However, its prolonged use leads to biocide resistance, leading to dosage escalation. A biocide enhancer can be used to slow down the trend. In recent years, d-amino acids have been investigated as an enhancer for THPS and other biocides. Published works used anaerobic vials and flow devices, which could not reveal the real-time changes of the biocide treatment on corrosion. In this work, it was proven that the biocide enhancement effects of d-Phenylalanine(d-Phe) on THPS against the Desulfovibrio vulgaris biofilm on C1018 carbon steels could be assessed in real time using linear polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to collaborate sessile cell count, weight loss and pitting depth data. The results showed that 500 ppm(w/w) d-Phe effectively enhanced 80 ppm THPS against MIC by the D. vulgaris(a corrosive SRB) biofilm. The sessile cell count and pit depth were all reduced with the enhancement of d-Phe.

关键词： D-amino acid THPS SRB corrosion Biofilm

Transient Current Behaviour for Iron in 3.5%NaCl and 3.5%NaCl+ 1%NaNO_2 Solutions during corrosion Fatigue

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 1996年第4期12卷 291-298页

作者： Zhengfu WANG Xuejun WEI Jin LI and Wei KE(State Key Lab. for corrosion and Protection, institute of corrosion and Protection of Metals,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110015, China) State Key Lab. for corrosion and Protection Institute of Corrosion and Protection of Metals Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110015 China

The transient current behaviour for Iron in 3.5%NaCl and 3.5%NaCl +1%NaNO2 solutions during corrosion fatigue (CF) process has been investigated at different given strain amplitudes and strain rates. The results show that elastic strain has little contribution to material dissolution. The elastic tension strain results in the decrease in the transient current, while the elastic compression strain increases the transient current. Compared to the elastic deformation, plastic deformation affects material dissolution evidently For iron in 3.5%NaCl solution, the strain amplitude plays a dominant role in the dissolution process accelerated by the plastic strain, while in 3.5%NaCl+1%NaNO2 solution, both the strain amplitude and strain rate play an important role in this process. In this paper, the effect of the elastic deformation on the material dissolution and the relation between the tension and compression current peak values under the plastic cycle deformation are discussed

关键词： Transient Current Behaviour for Iron in 3.5%NaCl and 3.5%NaCl SCE NaNO2 Solutions during corrosion Fatigue

A Comparison Study of Wear and Fretting Fatigue Behavior Between Cr-alloyed Layer and Cr-Ti Solid-solution Layer

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2016年第8期29卷 782-792页

作者： Shou-Ming Yu Dao-Xin Liu Xiao-Hua Zhang Cheng-Song Liu School of Aeronautics Institute of Corrosion and ProtectionNorthwestern Polytechnical University

This work reported a comparison between the wear and fretting fatigue（FF） behaviors of a Cr-alloyed layer and a Cr-Ti solid-solution *** hardness and toughness of both layers were evaluated to support this *** results showed that the Cr-alloyed layer had high surface hardness but poor toughness,while the Cr-Ti solid-solution layer had excellent toughness but low *** FF properties of the modified Ti6A14 V alloy depended on the trade-off between two factors：wear resistance and fatigue *** the Cr-alloyed layer could effectively resist the wear in fretting areas,its poor toughness caused the fatigue resistance to drop sharply and hence led to a premature failure in FF *** to the relatively good fatigue resistance,the Cr-Ti solid-solution layer had slightly higher FF life than that of the Cr-alloyed layer;however,its low hardness resulted in severe wear in correspondence with the fretting area and thus a failure to improve the FF properties of Ti6A14 V *** combined with shot peening post-treatment,the FF life of both layers increased by about three times compared to that of the Ti6A14 V alloy.A further study showed that the poor toughness or low hardness still exerted negative influence on combination-treated samples.

关键词： Titanium alloy Plasma chromizing Shot peening Fretting fatigue Wear