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Understanding the correlation between energy-state mismatching and open-circuit voltage loss in bulk heterojunction solar cells

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Carbon Energy 2024年第5期6卷 164-174页

作者： Hyun-Seock Yang Danbi Kim Chang-Mok Oh Vellaiappillai Tamilavan Pesi MHangoma Hojun Yi Bo RLee Insoo Shin In-Wook Hwang Sung Heum Park Pukyong National University BusanRepublic of Korea Clarendon Laboratory University of OxfordOxfordUK institute of Energy Transport and Fusion Research Pukyong National UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea advanced photonics Research institute Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangjuRepublic of Korea Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tandon School of EngineeringNew York UniversityBrooklynNew YorkUSA

Photoinduced intermolecular charge transfer(PICT)determines the voltage loss in bulk heterojunction(BHJ)organic photovoltaics(OPVs),and this voltage loss can be minimized by inducing efficient PICT,which requires energy-state matching between the donor and acceptor at the BHJ ***,both geometrically and energetically accessible delocalized state matching at the hot energy level is crucial for achieving efficient *** this study,an effective method for quantifying the hot state matching of OPVs was *** degree of energy-state matching between the electron donor and acceptor at BHJ interfaces was quantified using a mismatching factor(MF)calculated from the modified optical density of the ***,the correlation between the open-circuit voltage(Voc)of the OPV device and energy-state matching at the BHJ interface was investigated using the calculated *** OPVs with small absolute MF values exhibited high Voc *** result clearly indicates that the energy-state matching between the donor and acceptor is crucial for achieving a high Voc in *** the MF indicates the degree of energy-state matching,which is a critical factor for suppressing energy loss,it can be used to estimate the Voc loss in OPVs.

关键词： bulk heterojunction open circuit voltage organic photovoltaics photoinduced charge transfer voltage loss

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Spatiotemporal changes in sunshine duration and its influential factors in Chongqing,China from 1961 to 2020

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 2005-2024页

作者： LI Jun XIA Hongxuan JIANG Jinge XU Weifeng WEN Di XU Junfeng College of Geography and Tourism Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing 401331China Key Laboratory of GIS Application of Chongqing Chongqing 401331China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Environmental Remote sensing in Three Gorges Reservoir area Chongqing 401331China institute of Remote sensing and Earth Sciences School of Institute of Remote Sensing and Earth SciencesSchool of ScienceHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121China

The surface solar radiation in most parts of the world has undergone a phenomenon known as global dimming and brightening,characterized by an initial decrease followed by an *** a result,the sunshine duration(SD)has decreased in the past 60 *** the backdrop of global dimming and brightening,SD has decreased to varying degrees in many regions of *** the observed data of SD,cloud amount(total cloud amount and low cloud amount,abbreviated as TCA and LCA),precipitation,and relative humidity(RH)from 34 meteorological stations in Chongqing during the period of 1961-2020,along with a digital elevation model(DEM)with a resolution of 90 m,this study analyzed the spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors of *** analysis employed methods such as linear regression,Mann-Kendall test,wavelet transformation,and DEM-based possible SD distributed *** results showed that the annual SD in Chongqing has significantly decreased over the last 60 years,with a decreasing interannual trend rate(ITR)of 40.4 h/*** for no obvious trend in spring,SD decreased significantly in summer,autumn and winter at the ITR of 21.1 h/10a,8.5 h/10a and 7.5 h/10a,*** abrupt decrease in the annual SD was found in *** difference before and after the abrupt decrease was 177.7 *** difference before and after the abrupt decrease was 177.7 *** annual SD possessed the oscillation period of *** spatial heterogeneity of the mean annual SD during the last 60 years was *** distribution of SD in Chongqing is high in the northeast and low in the *** addition,about 73%of the total area in Chongqing showed a significant and very significant decreasing *** regions with significant changes are mainly concentrated in the regions with altitudes of 200~1000 *** increasing LCA was the main cause of the decrease of the annual SD in the regions with 200-400 m altitude decreased the most and changed the *** LCA is the prim

关键词： Sunshine duration Spatiotemporal changes Mann-Kendall test Wavelet analysis Geodetector model

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Wafer-level substrate-free YIG single crystal film for a broadband tunable terahertz isolator

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photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 505-513页

作者： XILAI ZHANG DAN ZHAO DING ZHANG QIANG XUE FEI FAN YULONG LIAO QINGHUI YANG QIYE WEN School of Electronic Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated DevicesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and sensing Network Technology Institute of Modern OpticsNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Shenzhen institute for advanced Study University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaShenzhen 518110China

Yttrium iron garnet(YIG)is a promising material for various terahertz applications due to its special optical *** present,a high-quality YIG wafer is the desire of terahertz communities and it is still challenging to prepare substrate-free YIG single crystal *** this work,we prepared wafer-level substrate-free La:YIG single crystal films,for the first time,to our *** optical and magneto-optical properties of La:YIG films were characterized by terahertz time domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS).Results show that the as-prepared La:YIG film has an insertion loss of less than 3 dB and a low absorption coefficient of less than10 cm-1below 1.6 *** from the thickness of the substrate-free YIG films and low insertion loss,their terahertz properties could be further manipulated by simply using a wafer-stacking *** four La:YIG films were stacked,there was an insertion loss of less than 10 dB in the range of 0.1-1.2 *** Faraday rotation angle of the four-layer-stacked La:YIG films reached 19°,and the isolation could reach17 *** further increasing the stacking number to eight pieces,a remarkable Faraday rotation angle of45°was achieved with an isolation of 23 dB,which is important for practical application in the THz *** material may provide a milestone opportunity to make various non-reciprocal devices,such as isolators and phase shifters.

关键词： YIG film insertion

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Thickness dependence of superconductivity in layered GeP_(5)

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 1323-1328页

作者： Lin Wu Ke-Meng Yang Wei Gan Rui-Chun Xiao Ya-Jie Dai Xi Tang Hong Lin Hui Han Hui Li Information Materials and Intelligent sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province Institute of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefei230601China

Understanding the relationship between dimensionality and superconductivity has attracted substantial research *** this work,we report the effective modulation of superconductivity in GeP_(5)through *** superconducting phase transition temperature improves by~10%as the thickness of GeP_(5)decreases from bulk to~96 nm,behaving as a unique negative relationship between the superconducting phase transition temperatureand thickness.

关键词： superconductivity dimensionality

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Investigation of crack segmentation and fast evaluation of crack propagation, based on deep learning

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 516-535页

作者： Than V.TRAN H.NGUYEN-XUAN Xiaoying ZHUANG institute of photonics Leibniz University HannoverHannover 30167Germany CIRTech institute HUTECH UniversityHo Chi Minh City 700000Vietnam College of Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Identifying crack and predicting crack propagation are critical processes for the risk assessment of engineering *** traditional approaches to crack modeling are faced with issues of high computational costs and excessive computing *** address this issue,we explore the potential of deep learning(DL)to increase the efficiency of crack detection and forecasting crack ***,there is no single algorithm that can fit all data sets well or can apply in all cases since specific tasks *** the paper,we present DL models for identifying cracks,especially on concrete surface images,and for predicting crack ***,SegNet and U-Net networks are used to identify concrete *** gradient descent(SGD)and adaptive moment estimation(Adam)algorithms are applied to minimize loss function during ***,time series algorithms including gated recurrent unit(GRU)and long short-term memory(LSTM)are used to predict crack *** experimental findings indicate that the U-Net is more robust and efficient than the SegNet for identifying crack segmentation and achieves the most outstanding *** evaluation of crack propagation,GRU and LSTM are used as DL models and results show good agreement with the experimental data.

关键词： deep learning crack segmentation crack propagation encoder−decoder recurrent neural network

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Very long wave infrared quantum dot photodetector up to 18μm

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 772-782页

作者： Xiaomeng Xue Qun Hao Menglu Chen School of Optics and photonics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China. Westlake institute for Optoelectronics FuyangHangzhou 311421China. Physics Department Changchun University of Science and TechnologyChangchun 130022China

Colloidal quantum dots(CQDs)are of interest for optoelectronic devices because of the possibility of high-throughput solution processing and the wide energy gap tunability from ultraviolet to infrared *** may question about the upper limit on the CQD wavelength *** date,although the CQD absorption already reaches terahertz,the practical photodetection wavelength is limited within mid-wave *** figure out challenges on CQD photoresponse in longer wavelength,would reveal the ultimate property on these ***’s more,it motivates interest in bottom-up infrared photodetection with less than 10%cost compared with epitaxial growth semiconductor *** this work,developing a re-growth method and ionic doping modification,we demonstrate photodetection up to 18μm wavelength on HgTe *** liquid nitrogen temperature,the responsivity reaches 0.3 A/W and 0.13 A/W,with specific detectivity 6.6×108 Jones and 2.3×109 Jones for 18μm and 10μm CQD photoconductors,*** work is a step toward answering the general question on the CQD photodetection wavelength limitation.

关键词： quantum wave ultraviolet

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Improved simulation of winter wheat yield in North China Plain by using PRYM-Wheat integrated dry matter distribution coefficient

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第4期23卷 1381-1392页

作者： Xuan Li Shaowen Wang Yifan Chen Danwen Zhang Shanshan Yang Jingwen Wang Jiahua Zhang Yun Bai Sha Zhang Research Center for Remote sensing and Digital Earth College of Computer Science and TechnologyQingdao UniversityQingdao266071China Center for Geospatial Information Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China School of Geographical Sciences Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China

The accurate simulation of regional-scale winter wheat yield is important for national food security and the balance of grain supply and demand in ***,most remote sensing process models use the“biomass×harvest index(HI)”method to simulate regional-scale winter wheat ***,spatiotemporal differences in HI contribute to inaccuracies in yield simulation at the regional ***-series dry matter partition coefficients(Fr)can dynamically reflect the dry matter partition of winter *** this study,Fr equations were fitted for each organ of winter wheat using site-scale *** equations were then coupled into a process-based and remote sensingdriven crop yield model for wheat(PRYM-Wheat)to improve the regional simulation of winter wheat yield over the North China Plain(NCP).The improved PRYM-Wheat model integrated with the fitted Fr equations(PRYM-Wheat-Fr)was validated using data obtained from provincial yearbooks.A 3-year(2000-2002)averaged validation showed that PRYM-Wheat-Fr had a higher coefficient of determination(R^(2)=0.55)and lower root mean square error(RMSE=0.94 t ha^(-1))than PRYM-Wheat with a stable HI(abbreviated as PRYM-Wheat-HI),which had R^(2) and RMSE values of 0.30 and 1.62 t ha^(-1),*** PRYM-Wheat-Fr model also performed better than PRYM-Wheat-HI for simulating yield in verification years(2013-2015).In conclusion,the PRYM-Wheat-Fr model exhibited a better accuracy than the original PRYM-Wheat model,making it a useful tool for the simulation of regional winter wheat yield.

关键词： dry matter partition remote sensing model winter wheat yield North China Plain

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A vectorial model for the nonlinear gradient force exerted on metallic Rayleigh nanoparticles

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第2期22卷 207-213页

作者：朱政张聿全闵长俊 Aurèle J.LAdam H.Paul Urbach 袁小聪 Research Center for Humanoid sensing Research Institute of Intelligent SensingZhejiang LabHangzhou 311100China Nanophotonics Research Center Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics&State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous IntegrationShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Optics Research Group ImPhys DepartmentFaculty of Applied SciencesDelft University of TechnologyDelft 2628 CJThe Netherlands

Optical tweezers have proved to be a powerful tool with a wide range of *** gradient force plays a vital role in the stable optical trapping of *** scalar method is convenient and effective for analyzing the gradient force in traditional optical ***,when the third-order nonlinear effect of the nano-object is stimulated,the scalar method cannot adequately present the optical response of the metal nanoparticle to the external optical ***,we propose a theoretical model to interpret the nonlinear gradient force using the vector *** combining the optical Kerr effect,the polarizability vector of the metallic nanoparticle is derived.A quantitative analysis is obtained for the gradient force as well as for the optical potential *** vector method yields better agreement with reported experimental *** suggest that this method could lead to a deeper understanding of the physics relevant to nonlinear optical trapping and binding phenomena.

关键词： gradient forces nonlinear effect metallic nanoparticles

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Apatite Fission-Track Thermochronology in the Tamusu Area,Bayingobi Basin,NW China,and its Geological Significance

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第3期98卷 585-601页

作者： TONG Qinlong QIN Mingkuan YE Fawang CNNC Beijing Research institute of Uranium Geology National Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Information and Image Analysis TechnologyBeijing 100029China

The Bayingobi basin is located in the middle of Central Asia Orogenic Belt,at the intersection of Paleo-Asian Ocean and Tethys Ocean,as well as the junction of multiple tectonic *** unique tectonic setting underpins the basin's intricate history of tectonic *** unravel the multifaceted tectono-thermal evolution within the southwestern region of the basin and to elucidate the implications of sandstone-hosted uranium mineralization,granitic and clastic rock samples were collected from the Zongnai *** and Yingejing depression,and apatite fission track(AFT)dating and thermal history simulation analysis were *** dating findings reveal that the apparent ages of all samples fall within the range of 244 Ma to 112 *** particular,the bedrock of the Zongnai *** Jurassic detrital apatite fission tracks have undergone complete annealing,capturing the uplift-cooling ***,the AFT ages of Cretaceous detrital rocks are either equivalent to or notably exceed the age of sedimentary strata,signifying the cooling age of the provenance.A comprehensive examination of AFT ages and palaeocurrent direction analyses suggests that the Cretaceous source in the Tamusu area predominantly originated from the central and southern sectors of the Zongnai ***,at a certain juncture during the Late Early Cretaceous,the Cretaceous provenance expanded to include the northern part of the Zongnai *** on the results of thermal history simulations and previous studies,it is considered that the Tamusu area has undergone four distinct tectonic uplift events since the Late *** first is the Late Permian to Early Triassic(260-240 Ma),which is associated with the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the accretionary orogeny within the Alxa *** second uplift event took place in the Early Jurassic(190-175 Ma)and corresponded to intraplate orogeny following the closure of the Paleo-Asian *** third uplift event is the Lat

关键词： apatite fission-track tectono-thermal history sandstone-hosted uranium deposit Bayingobi basin Central Asian Orogenic Belt

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Generation of millijoule-level sub-5 fs violet laser pulses

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 33-40页

作者： Xinhua Xie Yi Hung Yunpei Deng Adrian L.Cavalieri Andrius Baltuška Steven L.Johnson SwissFEL Paul Scherrer InstituteVilligen PSISwitzerland photonics institute Technische Universität WienViennaAustria institute of Applied Physics University of BernBernSwitzerland institute for Quantum Electronics Physics DepartmentETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland

We demonstrate the generation,spectral broadening and post-compression of second harmonic pulses using a thin beta barium borate(BBO)crystal on a fused-silica substrate as the nonlinear interaction *** combining second harmonic generation in the BBO crystal with self-phase modulation in the fused-silica substrate,we efficiently generate millijoule-level broadband violet pulses from a single optical *** second harmonic spectrum covers a range from long wave ultraviolet(down to 310 nm)to visible(up to 550 nm)with a bandwidth of 65 ***,we compress the second harmonic beam to a duration of 4.8 fs with a pulse energy of 0.64 mJ(5 fs with a pulse energy of 1.05 mJ)using chirped *** all-solid free-space apparatus is compact,robust and pulse energy scalable,making it highly advantageous for generating intense second harmonic pulses from near-infrared femtosecond lasers in the sub-5 fs regime.

关键词： post-compression second harmonic generation self-phase modulation supercontinuum generation

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