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Analysis of Mobility Patterns of Science and Technology Innovation Talents in China:An Empirical Study of Science and Technology Innovation Leaders Based on China's Ten Thousand Talents Program

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Frontiers of Business Research in China 2023年第2期17卷 239-252页

作者： ZHU Ying ZHENG Xiaoqi ZHANG Yan institute for advanced studies in Humanities and Social Sciences Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Public Administration Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Science and technology innovation talents are at the core of technology innovation,and their mobility has become a source of competition between regions and institutes.This paper analyzes the curriculum vitaes(CVs)of young and middle-aged leading talents in technology innovation,and explores their mobility patterns during their schooling and employment,leading to the following observations:A high-quality learning environment is an essential for the development of innovation talents;the mobility intensity has increased,and the phenomenon of"inbreeding"has been alleviated;the total number of institution or location changes is positively correlated with age,and the overall trend of mobility is stable;the regional imbalance of talent mobility has intensified,and the Matthew Effect,whereby initial advantage amplifies success and initial disadvantage amplifies disadvantage,has become prominent.This paper proposes measures such as refining cross-border mobility policy,expanding the academic vision of innovation talents,encouraging talent employment mobility,optimizing the allocation of resources,improving the human resource environment,establishing a talent development ecology,enriching educational resources,and coordinating the relationship between talent cultivation and talent attraction.These measures are expected to provide insights into the development and mobility of technology innovation talents and to be beneficial for the improvement of science and technology innovation talents policies.

关键词： science and technology innovation talents mobility pattern CVanalysis methods

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Two-dimensional investigation of characteristic parameters and their gradients for the self-generated electric and magnetic fields of laser-induced zirconium plasma

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第5期26卷 143-160页

作者： Tayyaba SAJID Shazia BASHIR Mahreen AKRAM Maira RAZZAQ Khaliq MAHMOOD Centre for advanced studies in Physics Institute of Physics Government College University Lahore Department of Physics Institute of Physics Government College University Lahore

Two-dimensional diagnosis of laser-induced zirconium(Zr) plasma has been experimentally performed using the time-of-flight method by employing Faraday cups in addition to electric and magnetic probes. The characteristic parameters of laser-induced Zr plasma have been evaluated as a function of different laser irradiances ranging from 4.5 to 11.7 GW cm-2 at different axial positions of 1–4 cm with a fixed radial distance of 2 cm. A well-supporting correlation between the plume parameters and the laser-plasma-produced spontaneous electric and magnetic(E and B) fields was established. The measurements of the characteristic parameters and spontaneously induced fields were observed to have an increasing trend with the increasing laser irradiance. However, when increasing the spatial distance in both the axial and radial directions, the plasma parameters(electron/ion number density, temperature and kinetic energy) did not show either continuously increasing or decreasing trends due to various kinetic and dynamic processes during the spatial evolution of the plume. However, the E and B fields were observed to be always diffusing away from the target. The radial component of electron number densities remained higher than the axial number density component, whereas the axial ion number density at all laser irradiances and axial distances remained higher than the radial ion number density. The higher axial self-generated electric field(SGEF) values than radial SGEF values are correlated with the effective charge-separation mechanism of electrons and ions.The generation of a self-generated magnetic field is observed dominantly in the radial direction at increasing laser irradiance as compared to the axial one due to the deflection of fast-moving electrons and the persistence of two-electron temperature on the radial axis.

关键词： axial and radial expansion Faraday cup laser-induced zirconium plasma self-generated electric and magnetic fields space-charge effect two-electron temperature distribution

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History, Culture, and Politics： On Historical Formation and Identity Dilemmas of ＂China＂

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Frontiers of History in China 2014年第1期9卷 125-146页

作者： Zhaoguang Ge National institute for advanced Humanistic studies Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

This lecture is concerned with some historical issues of ＂China,＂＂territory, culture＂ and ＂identity＂ that are placed against the background of politics, culture and scholarship in contemporary China. I want to draw attention to the question of how historians understand and interpret ＂China.＂ It addresses the following questions. First, where did the idea of ＂China＂ come from？ and how did it become a topic of scholarly research？ What kind of dilemmas does ＂China＂ confront in its current condition and historical interpretation？ Second, how do various new historical theories and methods in international academic circles enrich our understanding of ＂China＂？ Third, how does China＇s history and reality challenge the theories of ＂empire＂ and ＂nation-state＂？ Fourth, is it possible to write ＂East Asian history＂？ Does ＂national history＂ prove still effective in describing China or East Asia？

关键词： discourses of ＂China,＂ history identity global history nationalhistory

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Low-temperature synthesis of sp^2 carbon nanomaterials

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Science Bulletin 2019年第24期64卷 1817-1829页

作者： Yu Ding Mengqi Zeng Lei Fu College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

sp^2 carbon nanomaterials are mainly composed of sp^2-hybridized carbon atoms in the form of a hexagonal network. Due to the p bonds formed by unpaired electrons, sp^2 carbon nanomaterials possess excellent electronic, mechanical, and optical properties, which have attracted great attention in recent years.As the advanced sp^2 carbon nanomaterials, graphene and carbon nanotubes(CNTs) have great potential in electronics, sensors, energy storage and conversion devices, etc. The low-temperature synthesis of graphene and CNTs are indispensable to promote the practical industrial application. Furthermore, graphene and CNTs can even be expected to directly grow on the flexible plastic that cannot bear high temperature,expanding bright prospects for applications in emerging flexible nanotechnology. An in-depth understanding of the formation mechanism of sp^2 carbon nanomaterials is beneficial for reducing the growth temperature and satisfying the demands of industrial production in an economical and low-cost way. In this review, we discuss the main strategies and the related mechanisms in low-temperature synthesis of graphene and CNTs, including the selection of precursors with high reactivity, the design of catalyst, and the introduction of additional energy for the pre-decomposition of precursors. Furthermore, challenges and outlooks are highlighted for further progress in the practical industrial application.

关键词： Low-temperature synthesis sp^2 carbon nanomaterials Graphene Carbon nanotubes

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Tuning microstructure, transformation behavior, mechanical/functional properties of Ti-V-Al shape memory alloy by doping quaternary rare earth Y

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2021年第2期31卷 296-302页

作者： Xiaoyang Yi Kuishan Sun Haizhen Wang Yifu Gong Xianglong Meng Zhiyong Gao Hua Zhang Wei Cai College of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering Yantai University institute for advanced studies in Precision Materials Yantai University School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology

The microstructure features, martensitic transformation behavior and mechanical/functional properties of Ti–V–Al alloy were tailored by changing rare element Y content in the present investigation. The results showed that Y doping resulted in the grain refinement and formation of Y-rich phase mainly distributing along grain boundary in Ti–V–Al alloys. The martensitic transformation temperatures of Ti–V–Al alloys slightly increased due to the variation of matrix composition induced by the presence of Y-rich phase. The mechanical and functional properties of Ti–V–Al alloys doped moderate Y addition were significantly improved, which can be ascribed to grain refinement, solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening. The 1.0 at.%Y-doped Ti–V–Al alloy exhibited the highest ultimate tensile stress of 912 MPa and largest elongation of 17.68%. In addition, it was found that the maximum recoverable strain of 5.42% can be obtained in Ti–V–Al alloy with adding 1.0 at.%Y,under the pre-strain of 6% condition, which is enhanced by approximate 0.6% than that of Ti–V–Al alloy without Y addition.

关键词： Light weight shape memory alloy Ti–V–Al alloy Microstructure Phase transformation Mechanical properties

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Enhanced Anti-corrosion Ability and Biocompatibility of PLGA Coatings on MgZnYNd Alloy by BTSE-APTES Pre-treatment for Cardiovascular Stent

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2016年第9期32卷 845-857页

作者： Jing Liu Tingfei Xi Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Shenzhen institute Peking University

Bioabsorbable magnesium alloys are widely studied for various implant applications, as they reduce the risks such as severe inflammatory response existing in permanent metallic implants. However, the over-fast corrosion rate of magnesium alloy is usually an obstacle in biomedical applications. Here we report a simple two-step reaction to introduce anticorrosive silane pre-treatment on MgZnYNd alloys before coating with poly （glycolide-co-lactide）（PLGA）. The first step is to immerse the NaOH-activated MgZnYNd with bistriethoxysilylethane （BTSE） to form a cross-linked silane coating layer with enhanced corrosion resistance; the second step involves immobilizing amine functional groups for forming hydrogen bond with outer PLGA coating by treating the BTSE-modified MgZnYNd with 3-amino-propyltrimethoxysilane （APTES）. We characterized the BTSE-APTES pre-treated PLGA coating on MgZnYNd by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FF-IR）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, static contact angle and Acid Orange 7 measurement. Nano-scratch test was to verify that the scratch resistance of the PLGA coating with BTSE-APTES pre-treatment was superior to direct PLGA coating. Stan-dard electrochemical measurements along with the long-term immersion results indicated that the BTSE- APTES pre-treatment rendered better in vitro degradation behavior. Cell adhesion and cell viability tests with both vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMC） and human umbilical vein endothelial cells （EA. hy926） demonstrated that BTSE-APTES pre-treated MgZnYNd substrate had significantly more beneficial effects. The favorable anti-corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of BTSE-APTES pre-treated PLGA coatings on MgZnYNd alloy suggest that the novel two-step silanization procedure may have the great potential to enhance the performance of the magnesium-based biomaterials and provide a valid solution for the conversion modification of cardiovascular implants, taking the magnesium-based bioabsorbable materials closer t

关键词： Cardiovascular stent SilanizationAnti-corrosion Cytocompatibility MgZnYNd alloy

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Advances in nanomaterials for treatment of hypoxic tumor

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National Science Review 2021年第2期8卷 134-150页

作者： Mei-Zhen Zou Wen-Long Liu Han-Shi Chen Xue-Feng Bai Fan Gao Jing-Jie Ye Han Cheng Xian-Zheng Zhang The Institute for Advanced Studies Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of ChemistryWuhan University School of Chemistry and Materials Science South-Central University for Nationalities

The hypoxic tumor microenvironment is characterized by disordered vasculature and rapid proliferation of tumors, resulting from tumor invasion, progression and metastasis. The hypoxic conditions restrict efficiency of tumor therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, phototherapy and immunotherapy,leading to serious results of tumor recurrence and high mortality. Recently, research has concentrated on developing functional nanomaterials to treat hypoxic tumors. In this review, we categorize such nanomaterials into(i) nanomaterials that elevate oxygen levels in tumors for enhanced oxygen-dependent tumor therapy and(ii) nanomaterials with diminished oxygen dependence for hypoxic tumor therapy.To elevate oxygen levels in tumors, oxygen-carrying nanomaterials, oxygen-generating nanomaterials and oxygen-economizing nanomaterials can be used. To diminish oxygen dependence of nanomaterials for hypoxic tumor therapy, therapeutic gas-generating nanomaterials and radical-generating nanomaterials can be used. The biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy of these nanomaterials are discussed.

关键词： nanomaterials hypoxic tumor tumor therapy oxygen

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Photocatalytic vinyl radical-mediated multicomponent 1,4-/1,8-carboimination across alkynes and olefins/(hetero)arenes

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第2期67卷 558-567页

作者： Shan-Shan Li Yu-Shi Jiang Xue-Ling Luo Xuming Ran Yuqiang Li Dong Wu Cheng-Xue Pan Peng-Ju Xia School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin541004China Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Shanghai200433China The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan UniversityWuhan430064China

We developed a highly selective and efficient multicomponent transformation by utilizing alkynes and olefins/(hetero)arenes through photoinduced energy-transfer catalysis.The reaction involves the formation of three distinct chemical bonds,namely C(sp~3)–C(sp~2),C(sp~2)–C(sp~3),and C(sp~3)–N,in a single coordinated manner.The strategy used a vinyl radical-mediated radical relay approach under mild conditions,exhibiting a broad substrate scope(>70 examples),excellent functional-group tolerance,and remarkable regio-and anti-stereoselectivity.Through the utilization of a combination of experimental techniques and density functional theory(DFT),we delved deeper into the mechanistic intricacies of this distinctive system.Results revealed that the selective radical addition to electron-deficient alkynes,rather than olefins,was governed by the inherent reactivity of alkyl radicals.This discovery presented a highly effective approach for the synthesis of stereodefined multisubstituted alkenes.

关键词： alkyne-olefin coupling DFT studies regio-and anti-stereoselectivity multisubstituted alkenes

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Soft x-ray tomographic reconstruction of Heliotron J plasma for the study of magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium and stability

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第6期21卷 72-78页

作者： S PUROHIT Y SUZUKI S OHDACHI S YAMAMOTO SOKENDAI The Graduate University for Advanced Studies Toki Gifu 509-5292 Japan National institute for Fusion Science Toki Gifu 509-5292 Japan institute of advanced Energy Kyoto University Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan

The preparation for an experimental soft x-ray tomography study on the Heliotron J (H-J) machine is carried out,with the objectives of evaluating the capability of the current soft x-ray tomographic system in terms of the identification of different mode structures and their poloidal rotation,and the axis shift with different plasma and machine parameters,and fixing the physics goals for the experimental study.These preparations were carried out via a simulated soft x-ray data set arising from different plasma conditions,such as magnetic islands,low beta and high beta.Soft x-ray tomography (SXT) is performed by the discrete pixel method including singular value decomposition and Phillips-Tikhonov regularization,to obtain clear and smooth images.The H-J soft x-ray tomography results from simulated soft x-rays for the equilibrium H-J plasma sensed the magnetic axis shift clearly and an estimate was also achieved.Successful reconstruction for mode structure m =1/n =1 was obtained along with the realization of the poloidal rotation of the structure.The reconstruction for the m =2/n =1 mode was not very clear for the current soft x-ray diagnostic design.Effective mode identification was not possible due to the lack of measurements.The SXT from the current soft x-ray diagnostic on H-J,the magnetic axis shift can be estimated and the m =1/n =1 mode can be studied.Study of higher poloidal modes is difficult with the current design.

关键词： Heliotron J tomography soft x-ray magnetohydrodynamics

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Study of first orbit losses of 1 MeV tritons using the Lorentz orbit code in the LHD

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第2期21卷 21-25页

作者： Kunihiro OGAWA Mitsutaka ISOBE Takeo NISHITANI Sadayoshi MURAKAMI Ryosuke SEKI Hideo NUGA Neng PU Masaki OSAKABE LHD Experiment Group National institute for Fusion Science National Institutes of Natural Sciences SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for advanced studies) Kyoto University Kyoto-city

Shot-integrated measurement of the triton burnup ratio has been performed in the Large Helical Device. It was reported that the triton burnup ratio, defined as total DT neutron yield divided by total DD neutron yield, increases significantly in inward shifted configurations. To understand the magnetic configuration dependence of the triton burnup ratio, the first orbit loss fraction of 1 MeV tritons is evaluated by means of the Lorentz orbit code for various magnetic configurations. The first orbit loss of 1 MeV tritons is seen at t of less than 10-5 s and loss points of the triton are concentrated on the side of the helical coil case where the magnetic field is relatively weak. The significant decrease of the first orbit loss fraction by 15% is obtained with the inward shift of the magnetic axis position from 3.90 to 3.55 m. It is found that the decrease of first orbit loss is due to the reduction of the first orbit loss of transition and helically trapped tritons.

关键词： the Large Helical Device tritons energetic ion first orbit loss Lorentz orbit code

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