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Virologica Sinica 2020年第4期35卷 494-498页

作者： Daniel Oladimeji Oluwayelu Clement Adebajo Meseko Adekunle Bamidele Ayinmode Adebowale Idris Adebiyi Mike Aneshimi Lawani Florence Omonele Kakulu Department of Veterinary Microbiology University of IbadanIbadan 200284Nigeria centre for Control and Prevention of Zoonoses(CCPZ) University of IbadanIbadan 200284Nigeria Virology Department National Veterinary Research InstituteVom 930103Nigeria Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology University of IbadanIbadan 200284Nigeria Gestational Diabetes Society of Nigeria Mother and Child Hospital AnnexAkure 340282Nigeria Department of Veterinary and Pest Control Services Federal Ministry of AgricultureAbuja 900247Nigeria

Dear Editor,Since 2004,high pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)due to H5N1 virus among others has caused a major veterinary health crisis,resulting in the loss of millions of poultry through death or culling in several c... 详细信息

关键词： H5N1 poultry Avian

Can Chinese Medicine Be Used for Prevention of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)? A Review of Historical Classics, Research Evidence and Current Prevention Programs

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2020年第4期26卷 243-250页

作者： LUO Hui TANG Qiao-ling SHANG Ya-xi LIANG Shi-bing YANG Ming Nicola Robinson LIU Jian-ping Institute for Tibetan Medicine China Tibetology Research CenterBeijing(100101)China centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing(100029)China School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing(100029)China School of Health and Social Care London South Bank Un iversityLon don(SE10AA)UK In stitute of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou(510120)China

Objective:Since December 2019,an outbreak of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)occurred in Wuhan,and rapidly spread to almost all parts of *** was followed by prevention programs recommending Chinese medicine(CM)for the *** order to provide evidenee for CM recommendations,we reviewed ancient classics and human ***:Historical records on prevention and treatment of infections in CM classics,clinical evidence of CM on the prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)and H1N1 in flue nza,and CM preve ntion programs issued by health authorities in China since the COVID-19 outbreak were retrieved from differe nt databases and websites till 12 February,*** evide nee in eluded data from clinical trials,cohort or other population studies using CM for preventing contagious respiratory virus ***:The use of CM to prevent epidemics of infectious diseases was traced back to ancient Chinese practice cited in Huangdi's Internal Classic(Huang Di Nei Jing)where preventive effects were *** were 3 studies using CM for prevention of SARS and 4 studies for H1N1 *** of the participants who took CM contracted SARS in the 3 *** infection rate of H1N1 in flue nza in the CM group was significantly lower than the non-CM group(relative risk 0.36,95%confidence interval 0.24-0.52;n=4).For prevention of COVID-19,23 provinces in China issued CM *** main principles of CM use were to tonify qi to protect from external pathoge ns,disperse wind and discharge heat,and resolve damp *** most frequently used herbs in eluded Radix astragali(Huangqi),Radix glycyrrhizae(Gancao),Radix saposhnikoviae(Fangfeng),Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae(Baizhu),Lonicerae Japonicae Flos(Jinyinhua),and Fructus forsythia(Lianqiao).Conclusions:Based on historical records and human evidenee of SARS and H1N1 influenza prevention,Chinese herbal formula could be an alternative approach for prevention of COVID-19 in high-risk

关键词： Chinese medicine corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) prevention program clinical evidence review

influenza A Virus(H1N1) Infection Induces Glycolysis to Facilitate Viral Replication

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Virologica Sinica 2021年第6期36卷 1532-1542页

作者： Lehao Ren Wanju Zhang Jing Zhang Jiaxiang Zhang Huiying Zhang Yong Zhu Xiaoxiao Meng Zhigang Yi Ruilan Wang Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 201620China Department of Critical Care Medicine Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China Microbiology Laboratory Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and PreventionShanghai 200336China Department of Pathology Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Pathogen Diagnosis and Biosafety Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniversityShanghai 201508China

Viruses depend on host cellular metabolism to provide the energy and biosynthetic building blocks required for their replication. In this study, we observed that influenza A virus(H1N1), a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus with an eight-segmented genome, enhanced glycolysis both in mouse lung tissues and in human lung epithelial(A549) cells. In detail, the expression of hexokinase 2(HK2), the first enzyme in glycolysis, was upregulated in H1N1-infected A549 cells,and the expression of pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3(PDK3) was upregulated in H1N1-infected mouse lung tissues. Pharmacologically inhibiting the glycolytic pathway or targeting hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF-1), the central transcriptional factor critical for glycolysis, significantly reduced H1N1 replication, revealing a requirement for glycolysis during H1N1 infection. In addition, pharmacologically enhancing the glycolytic pathway further promoted H1N1 replication. Furthermore, the change of H1N1 replication upon glycolysis inhibition or enhancement was independent of interferon signaling. Taken together, these findings suggest that influenza A virus induces the glycolytic pathway and thus facilitates efficient viral replication. This study raises the possibility that metabolic inhibitors, such as those that target glycolysis, could be used to treat influenza A virus infection in the future.

关键词： H1N1 Glycolysis Replication Hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF-1) Interferon

Vaccinations against respiratory infections in Arabian Gulf countries: Barriers and motivators

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2017年第6期5卷 212-221页

作者： Amani S Alqahtani Daniah M Bondagji Abdullah A Alshehari Mada H Basyouni Tariq M Alhawassi Nasser F Bin Dhim Harunor Rashid School of Public Health the University of Sydney National centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases (NCIRS) the Children’s Hospital at Westmead and the Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health Sydney Medical School the University of Sydney Ministry of Health Investigational Drugs and Research Unit King Khalid University Hospital College of Pharmacy King Saud University Medication Safety Research Chair College of Pharmacy King Saud University Saudi Food and Drug Authority

AIM To study the uptake, barriers and motivators of influen-za, pneumococcal, meningococcal and pertussis vaccines among members of public in Arabian Gulf *** A cross-sectional survey among the Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC) countries' residents. Data collected electronically through a smartphone app. The survey variables aimed to investigate the respondents' awareness about vaccines against influenza, pneumococcal, meningococcal and pertussis infections. Collected data concerning the respondents' socio-demographic characteristics, their perception toward vaccine uptake and the factors that motivate or demotivate them from taking influenza vaccine. The data were analysed statistically using the SPSS v.23.0. Differences in the characteristics of users from different countries were quantified through bivariate analysis. Other important variables and controlling factors were studied using logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 1812 respondents participated in the study. Their mean age was 27 years, 82% were male and 24% had ≥ 1 chronic diseases. The overall uptake of influenza vaccine was 17%(21% among "at risk" people) and ranged from 15% in Saudi Arabia to 24% in Qatar. Doctor's advice(23%) and a perception of having low body immunity(21%) were the main cited reasons for being vaccinated, whereas unawareness about the vaccine(43%) was the main barrier. The overall uptake of pneumococcal vaccine in the preceding three years was 22%(25% among "at risk" individuals) and ranged from 0% in Bahrain to 79% in Kuwait. The overall uptake of pertussis vaccine was 16%(31% among "vulnerable" people), and ranged from 7% in Saudi Arabia to 75% in Oman. The overall uptake of meningococcal vaccine was 20%(29% among the "at risk" people) and ranged from 3% in Oman to 50% in *** The vaccination uptake across GCC countries is suboptimal and varies widely across the countries. Further research is needed to unearth the reasons and formulate action plan.

关键词： Gulf Cooperation Council influenza Meningococcal vaccine Motivators and barriers Pertussis vaccine Pneumococcal vaccine Respiratory infections

Liver involvement in the drug reaction,eosinophilia,and systemic symptoms syndrome

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第6期7卷 705-716页

作者： Sylvia A Martinez-Cabriales Neil H Shear Emmanuel I Gonzalez-Moreno Department of Medicine Division of DermatologySunnybrook Health Sciences CentreUniversity of Toronto Internal Medicine Department Dermatology DivisionHospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González"Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyUniversity of Calgary Internal Medicine Department Gastroenterology DivisionHospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González"Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

First described in 1996,the drug reaction,eosinophilia,and systemic symptoms syndrome(DReSS) is considered,along with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis,a severe cutaneous drug reaction. It is characterized by the presence of a maculopapular erythematous skin eruption,fever,lymphadenopathy,influenza-like symptoms,eosinophilia,and visceral involvement such as hepatitis,pneumonitis,myocarditis,pericarditis,nephritis,and colitis. The prognosis of patients with DReSS is related to the severity of visceral involvement. The mortality ranges from approximately 5% to 10%,and death is mainly due to liver failure,which is also the organ most commonly involved in this syndrome. Although it was previously hypothesized in 1994,DReSS syndrome can lead to reactivation of one or more human herpesvirus family members. Now being included as diagnostic criteria in a proposed diagnostic score system,this reactivation can be detected up to 2-3 wk after DReSS syndrome onset. Other causes of mortality in DReSS syndrome include myocardial or pulmonary lesions and hemophagocytosis. We reviewed the literature of previously reported case-series of DReSS and liver involvement,highlighting the pattern of liver damage,the treatment used,and the outcome.

关键词： Drug reaction,eosinophilia,and systemic symptoms syndrome Severe cutaneous drug reactions Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome Drug-induced liver injury Acute liver failure

Surveillance on the Immune Effectiveness of Quadrivalent and Trivalent Split influenza Vaccines—Shenzhen City and Changzhou City,China,2018–2019

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China CDC weekly 2020年第21期2卷 370-375页

作者： Liumei Shu Jie Zhang Xiang Huo Cong Chen Shisong Fang Kexin Zong Yuanyuan Guo Yingze Zhao Jun Zhang Changjun Bao Junjie Xia Fengcai Zhu Dayan Wang Guizhen Wu George F.Gao William J.Liu NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention NanjingChina Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention ChangzhouChina Division of Microbiology Test Shenzhen Centre for Disease Control and PreventionShenzhenChina School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjingChina CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina.

Summary What is already known about this topic?Vaccinations are the most effective way to prevent influenza virus infections and severe *** vaccine effectiveness can vary by *** is added by this report?This report monitors the antibody level among the population over time after administration of the quadrivalent or trivalent split influenza *** are the implications for public health practice?Real-time monitoring of serum antibody changes after vaccination provides important data for the development of reasonable and effective strategies for influenza prevention and control.

关键词： ent prevention valent

Urban structure and the risk of influenza A(H1N1) outbreaks in municipal districts

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第5期59卷 554-562页

作者： Hong Xiao Xiaoling Lin Gerardo Chowell Cunrui Huang Lidong Gao Biyun Chen Zheng Wang Liang Zhou Xinguang He Haining Liu Xixing Zhang Huisuo Yang College of Resources and Environment Science Hunan Normal University Mathematical Computational and Modeling Sciences CenterSchool of Human Evolution and Social Change Arizona State University Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies Fogarty International Center National Institutes of Health centre for Environment and Population Health School of Environment Griffith University Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University Changsha Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Beijing Military Region

Changsha was one of the most affected areas during the 2009 A(H1N1)influenza pandemic in ***,we analyze the spatial–temporal dynamics of the 2009 pandemic across Changsha municipal districts,evaluate the relationship between case incidence and the local urban spatial structure and predict high-risk areas of influenza A(H1N1).We obtained epidemiological data on all cases of influenza A(H1N1)reported across municipal districts in Changsha during period May 2009–December 2010 and data on population density and basic geographic characteristics for 239 primary schools,97 middle schools,347 universities,96 malls and markets,674 business districts and 121 ***–temporal K functions,proximity models and logistic regression were used to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of influenza A(H1N1)incidence and the association between influenza A(H1N1)cases and spatial risk factors and predict the infection *** found that the 2009 influenza A(H1N1)was driven by a transmission wave from the center of the study area to surrounding areas and reported cases increased significantly after September *** also found that the distribution of influenza A(H1N1)cases was associated with population density and the presence of nearest public places,especially universities(OR=10.166).The final predictive risk map based on the multivariate logistic analysis showed high-risk areas concentrated in the center areas of the study area associated with high population *** findings support the identification of spatial risk factors and highrisk areas to guide the prioritization of preventive and mitigation efforts against future influenza pandemics.

关键词：风险图流感甲型城市结构 Logistic回归分析 logistic回归城市空间结构爆发

Combination of ribavirin and reduning protects mice against severe pneumonia induced by H1N1 influenza a virus

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2016年第2期36卷 181-186页

作者： Ma Yuexia Zhang Wei Zhao Zhongpeng Li Min Liu Jian Wang Yuguang Department of Internal Medicine the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Beijing Huairou Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated with Capital Medical University Beiiinq 100010 China The Infectious Diseases Diagnostic Therapeutic and Research center the Synergetic and Innovative Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Key Infectious DiseasesCapital Medical University Beijing 100015 China Department of Immunology Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing 100071 China Laboratory Animal Center Academy of Military Medical Science Beijing 100071 China Pneumology Department Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated with Capital Medical University Beijing 10001O China

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of ribavirin administration combined with Reduning in a mouse model of influenza A(H1N1)-induced severe ***:influenza A/Beijing/501/2009(H1N1)-infected C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups treated with either a mock injection of phosphate-buffered saline(PBS),ribavirin(66.6 mg/kg daily)or Reduning(86.6 mg/kg daily),or a combination of both,for 7 *** were monitored for clinical signs and survival,and body weight was measured daily for 14 *** titer,lung wet-to-dry ratios,pathology and cytokines including interleukin(IL)-6,IL-10,and interferon(IFN)-γwere assayed on different ***:In the untreated group injected with phosphate buffer saline,all the mice died of the *** survival rate of mice treated with Reduning was only 10%,whereas 100%of the ribavirin-and the combination-treated mice *** lung viral loads indicated that ribavirin significantly inhibited virus replication,whereas Reduning did *** wet-to-dry ratios demonstrated that both ribavirin and Reduning,administered together or separately,reduced acute lung edema compared with results in the untreated *** analyses also showed that treatment with a combination of both drugs relieved pathological lesions,whereas the single drug treatment did *** of IL-6,IL-10 and IFN-γin mice treated with ribavirin or the combination of both ribavirin and Reduning were all significantly lower than in the untreated group,especially in the combination-treated *** addition,Reduning administration significantly decreased both IL-6 and IL-10production but had no effect on IFN-γ.CONCLUSION:Due to the synergistic effect of antiviral and antiinflammation,the combination of ribavirin and Reduning could be an effective treatment for severe H1N1 which was considered to be significant to delayed antiviral and drug resistant.

关键词： influenza Human Pneumonia Ribavirin Medicine Chinese Traditional Reduninginjection

Erucic acid from Isatis indigotica Fort. suppresses influenza A virus replication and inflammation in vitro and in vivo through modulation of NF-kB and p38 MAPK pathway

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2020年第2期10卷 130-146页

作者： Xiaoli Liang Yuan Huang Xiping Pan Yanbing Hao Xiaowei Chen Haiming Jiang Jing Li Beixian Zhou Zifeng Yang State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthNational Clinical Centre of Respiratory DiseaseThe First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510120China Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co. LtdGuangzhou510515China Institute of Combination Chinese and Western Medicine Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou511436China Department of Pharmacy The People's Hospital of GaozhouGaozhou525200GuangdongChina State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Macao Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and HealthMacao University of Science and TechnologyAvenida Wai LongTaipaMacao999078PR China

Isatis indigotica Fort.(Ban-Lan-Gen)is an herbal medicine prescribed for influenza ***,its active components and mode of action remain mostly *** the present study,erucic acid was isolated from Isatis indigotica Fort.,and subsequently its underlying mechanism against influenza A virus(IAV)infection was investigated in vitro and in *** results demonstrated that erucic acid exhibited broad-spectrum antiviral activity against IAV resulting from reduction of viral polymerase transcription *** acid was found to exert inhibitory effects on IAV or viral(v)RNA-induced pro-inflam-matory mediators as well as interferons(IFNs).The molecular mechanism by which erucic acid with antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties was attributed to inactivation of NF-kB and p38 MAPK ***,the NF-kB and p38 MAPK inhibitory effect of erucic acid led to diminishing the transcriptional activity of interferon-stimulated gene factor 3(ISGF-3),and thereby reducing IAV-triggered pro-inflammatory response amplification in IFN-β-sensitized ***,IAV-or vRNA-triggered apoptosis of alveolar epithelial A549 cells was prevented by erucic *** vivo,erucic acid administration consistently displayed decreased lung viral load and viral antigens ***,erucic acid markedly reduced CD8+cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)recruitment,pro-apoptotic signaling,hyperactivity of multiple signaling pathways,and exacerbated immune inflammation in the lung,which resulted in decreased lung injury and mortality in mice with a mouse-adapted A/FM/1/47-MA(H1N1)strain *** findings provided a mechanistic basis for the action of erucic acid against IAV-mediated inflammation and injury,suggesting that erucic acid may have a therapeutic potential in the treatment of influenza.

关键词： influenza A virus Isatis indigotica Fort. Erucic acid Antiviral Anti-inflammatory NF-kB p38 MAPK Lung injury

Safety of a 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Elderly Adults Previously Immunized with a 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine: An Open-Label Trial

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World Journal of Vaccines 2013年第4期3卷 123-129页

作者： Tino F. Schwarz Karlis Pauksens Christine Juergens Deepthi Jayawardene Daniel A. Scott William C. Gruber Beate Schmoele-Thoma Central Laboratory and Vaccination centre Stiftung Juliusspital Würzburg Germany Department of Medical Sciences Section of Infectious Diseases Uppsala University Akademiska Sjukhuset Uppsala Sweden Pfizer Inc. Collegeville USA Pfizer Pharma GmbH Berlin Germany Pfizer Vaccine Research Pfizer Pearl River USA

An open-label, multicenter study was conducted to describe the safety of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 1049 individuals aged ≥68 years, who had previously been immunized with the unconjugated 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). In addition, the safety profile of PCV13 in this study was compared, in a post-hoc descriptive analysis, to that observed in other elderly populations, who had received PCV13 or PPSV23 as part of other completed studies. Local (56.6%) and systemic reactions (58.4%) were very common, but were mainly mild, and of short duration (mean: 1.3 - 4.6 days). There were no related serious adverse events (AEs) within 1 month after PCV13. 123 days after PCV13 and 94 days after a nonstudy influenza vaccine, a case of transient Guillain-Barré syndrome occurred, which the investigator assessed as possibly related to the vaccination. Reactogenicity observed in this study population was generally similar to that of other elderly study populations with PPSV23-preimmunized adults, and with PPSV23-naive adults. Reactogenicity was less common in this study than that observed in PPSV23-preimmunized adults who were revaccinated with PPSV23 rather than a subsequent dose of PCV13. There were no related serious AEs reported after PCV13 and PPSV23 in these comparator studies. Conclusion: PCV13 may be administered safely to older adults previously immunized with PPSV23. (ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT00500266)

关键词： 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Streptococcus pneumoniae Reactogenicity Safety