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CO_2 mitigation potential in farmland of China by altering current organic matter amendment pattern

Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第9期53卷 1351-1357,1407-1417页

作者： CADISCH Georg Institute of plant production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics University of Hohenheim

The estimation of the global warming mitigation potential in terrestrial ecosystems is of great importance for decision makers to adopt measures to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) as well as to reduce greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions. In this paper, we compiled data published in peer-reviewed journals, and conducted a holistic analysis of the effects of organic matter amendment on soil organic carbon sequestration, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in paddy and upland systems. Results showed that organic matter amendment increased soil organic carbon content, and apparent conversion rate of organic matter carbon to soil organic carbon in paddies was constant, while that in uplands decreased along with amendment years at 25 years time scale. Organic matter amendment during the rice season led to large CH4-C emissions, e.g on average 99.5 g CH4-C per kg organic carbon input under intermittent flood conditions, and 191.7 g CH4-C per kg organic carbon input under continuous flood conditions, respectively. By alteration of organic matter amendment from rice season to off-rice upland crop season, estimated CH4-C emissions in China could be cut by 3.5 Tg yr-1, accounting for 63% of current CH4-C emissions (5.5 Tg). If organic matter amendment percentage was increased from current 30% to future 50% of organic matter production and by alteration of organic matter amendment from rice season to off-rice upland crop season, the equivalent CO2-C mitigation potential in farmland of China would be 49.2 Tg yr-1 at the 10th year organic matter amendment and 36.0 Tg yr-1 at the 30th year amendment. These findings are important not only for China but also for the other rice production countries to increase farmland global warming mitigation.

关键词： climate change global warming radiative forcing SOC GHGs CH4 N2O

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Chemical composition and Zn bioavailability of the soil solution extracted from Zn amended variable charge soils

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第9期22卷 1398-1406页

作者： Mariavittoria Zampella Paola Adamo Department of Soil Plant Environmental and Animal Production Sciences University of Naples Federico II

A study on variable charge soils （volcanic Italian and podzolic Scottish soils） was performed to investigate the influence of soil properties on the chemical composition of soil solution. Zinc speciation, bioavallability and toxicity in the soil solution were examined. The soils were spiked with increasing amounts of Zn （0, 100, 200, 400 and 1000 mg/kg） and the soil solutions were extracted using rhizon soil moisture samplers. The pH, total organic carbon （TOC）, base cations, anions, total Zn and free Zn^2＋ in soil solution were analysed. A rapid bioassay with the luminescent bacterium Escherichia coli HB 101 pUCD607 was performed to assess Zn toxicity. The influence of soil type and Zn treatments on the chemical composition of soil solution and on Zn toxicity was considered and discussed. Different trends of total and free Zn concentrations, base cations desorption and luminescence of E. coli HB 101 pUCD607 were observed. The soil solution extracted from the volcanic soils had very low total and free Zn concentrations and showed specific Zn^2＋/Ca^2＋ exchange. The soil solution from the podzolic soil had much higher total and free Zn concentrations and showed no evidence of specific Zn^2＋/Ca^2＋ exchange. In comparison with the subalkaline volcanic soils, the acidic podzol showed enhanced levels of toxic free Zn^2＋ and consequently stronger effects on E. coli viability.

关键词： rhizosamplers chemical speciation fractionation ecotoxicological test

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Exogenous Alpha-Ketoglutarate(AKG)Modulate Physiological Characteristics,Photosynthesis,Secondary Metabolism and Antioxidant Defense System in Peganum Harmala *** Nickel Stress

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2025年第1期94卷 137-155页

作者： Marwa Rezgui Wided Ben Ammar Muhammad Nazim Walid Soufan Chiraz Chaffei Haouari Department of Biology University of Tunis El ManarLaboratory of Vegetable Productivity and Environmental ConstraintsFaculty of Sciences of Tunis(LR18ES04)University of Tunis El Manar(UTM)Tunis1060Tunisia State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid LandsXinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi830011China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China plant production Department College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia

Nickel(Ni)toxicity significantly impairs plant growth,photosynthesis,and metabolism by inducing oxidative *** study evaluates the potential of exogenous Alpha-Ketoglutarate(AKG)in mitigating Ni-induced stress in Peganum harmala *** were exposed to 0,200,500,and 750μM NiCl2,with or without AKG *** 750μM Ni stress,dry weight(DW)decreased by 33.7%,tissue water content(TWC)by 39.9%,and chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll levels were reduced by 17%and 15%,*** exposure also significantly increased secondary metabolite production,with leaf anthocyanin content rising by 131%,and superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities increasing by 228%and 53%,respectively,in roots at 500μM *** treatment alleviated Ni toxicity by enhancing TWC by 39%and promoting root and shoot ***,AKG treatment boosted the synthesis of phenolic compounds and flavonoids,contributing to improved tolerance against Ni *** findings demonstrate the potential of AKG in enhancing Ni tolerance in ***,suggesting its promising role in bioremediation of metal-contaminated *** is the first study to report the beneficial effects of exogenous AKG in alleviating nickel toxicity in *** L.,offering a new approach for improving plant resilience to heavy metal stress.

关键词： Alpha-ketoglutarate antioxidative enzymes oxidative stress Peganum harmala nickel

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal association in Asteraceae plants growing in the arid lands of Saudi Arabia

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Journal of Arid Land 2015年第5期7卷 676-686页

作者： Partha P DHAR Abdul A AL-QARAWI Mohammed A U MRIDHA plant production Department College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University

The present research was undertaken to explor the possibility of arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） associa- tion with Asteraceae plants in the arid lands of Saudi Arabia （AI-Ghat, Buraydah, Thumamah and Huraymila）. AM fungal colonization in the roots, spore numbers in the rhizosphere soil, fungal species diversity and correlation between AM properties and soil properties were determined. The highest colonization was in Conyza bonariensis （65%） from AI-Ghat, Anthemis cotula （52%） from Buraydah and C. bonariensis （53%） from Thumamah. The lowest was in Vernonia schimperi （41%） from AI-Ghat, Pulicaria undulata （25%） from Buraydah, Acanthospermum his- pidum （34%） from Thumamah, Asteriscus graveolens （22%） and V. schimperi （22%） from Huraymila. Vesicular and arbuscular colonization were also presented in all plant species examined. The number of spores were 112-207 in AI-Ghat, 113-133 in Buraydah, 87-148 in Thumamah and 107-158 in Huraymila. Funneliformis mosseae, Glomus etunicatum, G. fasciculatum and G aggregatum were identified. Relative frequency of AM fungal species varied widely and was irrespective of location and plant species. Diversity index varied with the rhizosphere soils of dif- ferent plant species at various locations. Soil properties varied with locations and no distinct correlations were ob- served among the soil properties, root colonization and the number of spores. The results of the present study specified the association of AM fungi in different plants of Asteraceae and its significance in the ecological func- tioning of annual plants in the punitive environments of the rangelands in Saudi Arabia.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi arid land Asteraceae biodiversity colonization Saudi Arabia

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Distributed Interactive 3D Combat Simulation System for the Army Training and Testing

Distributed Interactive 3D Combat Simulation System for the ...

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第25届中国控制与决策会议

作者： Fei Yao Lingguo Cuig Senchun Chaig Guolong Zhan School of Automation Beijing Institute of Technology The first Oil Producing Region of Liaohe Oilfield Ciyutuo Zhen Oil Production Plant

ISBN: (纸本)9781467355339

3D Based Distributed Interactive Simulation （3DDIS） for Simulation of Virtual Battlefield Environment （VBE） is attracting more and more attention from both academic and industrial communities. With fast development of network technology, 3DDIS has shown unique advantages and broad applications comparing with the traditional simulation technology. A 3DDIS platform was proposed in this work for military simulation to simulate the warfare on the land. The whole system can generally be categorized into four subsystems such as: the scene construction of virtual battlefield, model-making, model-driven and database management. To demonstrate the performance of the provided platform, a constructed battlefield was used. From the simulation results, the whole simulation system can provide the user with accurate and actual field intelligence for great strategic decision in joint military exercise.

关键词： distributed Unity 3D simulation battlefield modeling database

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The Design and Implementation of a Network Virtual Simulation System

The Design and Implementation of a Network Virtual Simulatio...

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第25届中国控制与决策会议

作者： Zehua Li Lingguo Cui Senchun Chai Guolong Zhang School of Automation Beijing Institute of Technology The first Oil Producing Region of Liaohe Oilfield Ciyutuo Zhen Oil Production Plant

ISBN: (纸本)9781467355339

With the rapid development of the network technology, a simulation based on web has been attracting more and more attention from academic and industrial field in recent years. Comparing with the traditional simulation environment, it has many advantages such as low cost, easy maintenance, portability and so on. To meet the new requirements of the simulation, this paper presents a web-based virtual simulation system based on the B/S architecture. A tradition simulation platform (MATLAB/Simulink) is directly ported to the web in this work with friendly user interface and a powerful simulation capacity. In order to improve the quality of the web user interface, AsWing which is a set of UI components that developed by the script of Flash: AcitonScript is utilized. The simulation task information is transferred from the user interface to the MySQL database through the Servlet. A center simulation platform (MATLAB/Simulink) is employed to reconstruct the simulation from the information stored in the database. The simulation result will be sent back to the database and the web user interface through the Internet. The whole structure of the proposed simulation environment was introduced in this work and a demonstration simulation result was given to show the performance of the provided system.

关键词： web-based simulation MATLAB/Simulink B/S architecture Aswing.

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Towards sustainable intensification of apple production in China—Yield gaps and nutrient use effi ciency in apple farming systems

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第4期15卷 716-725页

作者： WANG Na Joost Wolf ZHANG Fu-suo plant production Systems Department of Plant Sciences Wageningen University Center for Resources Environment and Food Security China Agricultural University

China is in a dominant position in apple production globally with both the largest apple growing area and the largest export of fresh apple fruits. However, the annual productivity of China＇s apple is significantly lower than that of other dominant apple producing countries. In addition, apple production is based on excessive application of chemical fertilizers and the nutrient use efficiency （especially nitrogen） is therefore low and the nutrient emissions to the environment are high. Apple production in China is considerably contributes to farmers＇ incomes and is important as export product. There is an urgent need to enhance apple productivity and improve nutrient use efficiencies in intensive apple production systems in the country. These can be attained by improved understanding of production potential, yield gaps, nutrient use and best management in apple orchards. To the end, priorities in research on apple production systems and required political support are described which may lead to more sustainable and environmental-friendly intensification of apple production in China.

关键词： apple production China environmental problems nutrient use efficiency potential yield sustainableintensification yield gaps

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Biology and control of the fruit borer, Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley on litchi （Litchi chinensis Sonn.） in northern Thailand

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Insect Science 2007年第6期14卷 525-529页

作者： MARIE JOY SCHULTE KONRAD MARTIN JOACHIM SAUERBORN Institute of plant production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany

Fruit and leaf shoot of litchi （Litchi chinensis） infestation by naturally occurring populations of the fruit bprer, Conopomorpha sinensis larvae and C. sinensis parasitization rates were determined in litchi orchards in northern Thailand at high （ca. 1 400 m ASL） and low （ca. 800 m ASL） elevations with different, non-overlapping fruiting seasons. In addition, spray applications of Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai, the natural compound spinosad and the chemical pesticide imidacloprid were conducted in the field to test the effects of these agents on C. sinensis fruit infestation rate. Fruit infestation rate and fruit growth, studied in a low elevation orchard, were sigmoidal and showed a highly significant positive correlation （P ≤ 0.01）. Leaf shoot infestation rate in the low elevation orchard decreased in the course of the fruiting season （March until May）, but increased in the high elevation orchard, where no fruits were present within the same period of time. Together, these results indicate that females of C. sinensis clearly prefer fruits over shoots for oviposition. If no fruits are available, which was the case in the high elevation orchard during that time, they are constrained to lay their eggs on shoots. The parasitization rate of C. sinensis larvae in untreated fruits was 54.3%. The parasitoid species were Chelonus chailini （90.8%） and Phanerotoma sp. （9.2%）. In the leaf shoots, C. sinensis was found to be parasitized by Phanerotoma sp. and Apanteles briareus. The applications of the different active agents had no significant effect on C. sinensis fruit infestation compared to the untreated control. Besides the cryptic life of the larvae, this is most probably explained by the fact that C. sinensis has several generations during the fruiting season. Because of the high parasitization rates recorded, an alternative and more effective control measure than the application of pesticides might be the augmentative release of parasitoids.

关键词： Conopomorpha sinensis fruit infestation Litchi chinensis northern Thailand,parasitoids pest control

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Daily number of bee louse （Braula coeca） in honey bee （Apis mellifera carnica and A. m. syriaca） colonies maintained under semi-arid conditions

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Insect Science 2008年第6期15卷 563-567页

作者： Shahera Zaitoun Abd Al-Majeed Al-Ghzawi Department of plant production and Protection Faculty of Agricultural Technology AI-Balqa' Applied University Al-Salt Department of plant production Faculty of Agriculture Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid 22110 Jordan

Experimental work was conducted at two apiaries located in Irbid district and in Shuna North, Jordan, during the years 2004-2006. The aims of these investigations were to estimate the seasonal changes in the infestation rates of the bee louse （Braula sp.） and to develop an easy and rapid method of estimating the infestation rate on workers with bee Braula. Two major honey bee subspecies are reared in Jordan; Apis mellifera carnica and Apis mellifera syriaca were used in this study. The results showed that the infestation rate began to increase rapidly in May, reaching the season＇s maximum rate of 16.2%, 15.8% and 17.4% forA. m. carnica and 22.6%, 23.9% and 22.9% forA. m. syriaca in December of 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. The maximum adult numbers of bees were found in April and June, whereas the minimum for the year was in January in both honey bee subspecies colonies during the study period. The actual population of the bee louse could be estimated by counting the daily dropped lice and multiplying by a factor of 158. This factor is valid for the experimental colonies of both subspecies kept for 3 years under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions.

关键词： Apis mellifera carnica Apis mellifera syriaca Braula honeybee Jordan

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Floristic diversity and regeneration status of woody plants in Zengena Forest, a remnant montane forest patch in northwestern Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 329-336页

作者： Desalegn Tadele Ermias Lulekal Destaw Damtie Adane Assefa Bahir Dar University College of ScienceDepartment of Biology Ghent University Department of Plant Production

The study was conducted at Zengena forest, a fragmented remnant montane forest in northwestern Ethiopia, which surrounds Lake Zengena. The purpose was to assess the species composition, diversity and the regeneration status of woody plants. A total of 27 plots of 20 m - 20 m were sampled along the line transects laid down the altitudinal gradient from the edge of the forest encompassing the lake to the edge of the lake in eight aspects. In each plot, woody species were counted and the diameter at breast height and the height of trees and shrubs were measured. A total of 50 woody species belonging to 31 families were found, of which 17 （34%） were trees, 7 （14%） trees or shrubs, 23 （46%） shrubs and 3 （6%） lianas. The overall Shannon-Wiener diversity and evenness indices of woody species were 2.74 and 0.7, respectively. Clausena anisata had the highest relative density （23.5%）, Rapanea rhododendroides the highest relative frequency （6.5%） and Prunus afri- cana the highest relative dominance （45%） and importance value index （IVI, 51.6）. The total basal area and density of woody plants were 22.3 ***-1 and 2,202 ***1, respectively. The population structure showed variations among woody plants and revealed varied regeneration patterns of different species. The importance value index and population structure revealed that some species are threatened and need prioritization for conservation measures. The results suggest that remnant forest patches in the highlands of northern Ethiopia host several woody plant species that are almost disappearing in other areas due to deforestation.

关键词： conservation density dominance frequency IVI LakeZengena population structure

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