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Investigation of image segmentation effect on the accuracy of reconstructed digital core models of coquina carbonate

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Applied Geophysics 2020年第4期17卷 501-512页

作者： Wang Hai-Tao Wang Li Lai Fu-Qiang Zhang Jin-Yan School of Petroleum Engineering Chongqing University of Science&TechnologyChongqing 401331China National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Shale Gas Exploration and Development Chongqing 401120China Key Laboratory of Complex oil and Gas Field Exploration and Development Chongqing University of Science&TechnologyChongqing 401331China the first oil production plant of changqing oilfi eld PetroChina Company LimitedShanxi Yan’An 716000China Logging Application Research Institute CNPC LoggingShanxi Xi’An 710000China Well Logging Company Shengli Oilfi eld Service CorporationSinopecShandong Dongying 257096China

Digital core models reconstructed using X-ray tomography(X-CT)enable the quantitative characterization of the pore structure in three dimensions(3D)and the numerical simulation of petrophysics.When the X-CT images accurately reflect the micro structures of core samples,the greyscale threshold in the image segmentation determines the accuracy of digital cores and the simulated petrophysical properties.Therefore,it is vital to investigate the comparison parameter for determining the key greyscale threshold and the criterion to describe the accuracy of the segmentation.Representative coquina digital core models from X-CT are used in this work to study the impact of grayscale threshold on the porosity,pore percolation,connectivity and electrical resistivity of the pore scale model and these simulations are calculated by Minkowski functions,component labeling and fi nite element method,respectively,to quantify the pore structure and simulate electrical resistivity.Results showed that the simulated physical properties of the digital cores,varied with the gradual increase of the greyscale threshold.Among the four parameters related to the threshold,the porosity was most sensitive and chose as the comparison parameter to judge the accuracy of the greyscale threshold.The variations of the threshold change the micro pore structures,and then the electrical resistivity.When the porosity of the digital core model is close to the experimental porosity,the simulated porosity exponent matches the experimental porosity exponents well.The good agreement proved that the porosity is the critical comparison parameter to describe the accuracy of image segmentation.The criterion is that the porosity of the digital core after segmentation should be close to the experimental porosity.

关键词： Porous media X-CT image segmentation digital core electrical resistivity simulation

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The primary controlling parameters of porosity, permeability,and seepage capability of tight gas reservoirs:a case study on Upper Paleozoic Formation in the eastern Ordos Basin,Northern China

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Petroleum Science 2019年第6期16卷 1270-1284页

作者： Hong-Jun Qu Bo Yang Xia-He Tian Xin-She Liu Huan Yang Wen-Wu Dong Ya-Hui Chen State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069ShaanxiChina changqing oilfi eld Company PetroChinaXi’an 710018ShaanxiChina

Tight sandstone gas(hereafter"tight gas")has become a subject of unconventional gas exploration globally.The large-scale development and use of tight gas resources in the USA,in particular,facilitated the rapid rebound of natural gas production in the USA,in addition to driving the rapid development of tight gas worldwide.In the eastern Ordos Basin,the Upper Paleozoic feature includes multiple layers of gas,a shallow depth,and notable potential for exploration and development.However,the reservoirs in the area are relatively tight,exhibit strong heterogeneity,and possess a complex micropore structure,thus restricting the eff ective economic development of oil and gas.Thus,research on the primary parameters controlling pore throat structure and the seepage capability of low-permeability reservoirs will be beneficial for the effcient exploration and development of natural gas in the eastern Ordos Basin.The parameters of reservoir porosity and percolation ability,as well as permeability,were analyzed using systematic sampling of the of the Upper Paleozoic Benxi,Taiyuan,and Shanxi Formations in the eastern Ordos Basin,constant-rate mercury injection experiments,nuclear magnetic resonance analysis,and gas–water-phase experimental studies.The results indicate that reservoir porosity is controlled by the effective pore volume and number,whereas permeability is controlled by the largest throat radius,rather than the average.The effective pore volume controls the movable fluid saturation,while reservoir percolation capability is controlled by the effective pore volume,irreducible water saturation,and size of the gas–water two-phase seepage zone.

关键词： Porosity and permeability Largest throat radius Movable fluid saturation Effective pore throat volume The range of gas–water two-phase seepage zone

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A proposed NMR solution for multi-phase flow fluid detection

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Petroleum Science 2019年第5期16卷 1148-1158页

作者： Jun-Feng Shi Feng Deng Li-Zhi Xiao Hua-Bing Liu Feng-Qin Ma Meng-Ying Wang Rui-Dong Zhao Shi-Wen Chen Jian-Jun Zhang Chun-Ming Xiong PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development China National Petroleum CorporationBeijing 100086People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249People’s Republic of China Beijing Limecho Technology Limited Company Beijing 102299People’s Republic of China Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012New Zealand No.1 oil production plant of Huabei oilfi eld Renqiu 062552HebeiPeople’s Republic of China

In the petroleum industry,detection of multi-phase fluid flow is very important in both surface and down-hole measurements.Accurate measurement of high rate of water or gas multi-phase flow has always been an academic and industrial focus.NMR is an efficient and accurate technique for the detection of fluids;it is widely used in the determination of fluid compositions and properties.This paper is aimed to quantitatively detect multi-phase flow in oil and gas wells and pipelines and to propose an innovative method for online nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)detection.The online NMR data acquisition,processing and interpretation methods are proposed to fill the blank of traditional methods.A full-bore straight tube design without pressure drop,a Halbach magnet structure design with zero magnetic leakage outside the probe,a separate antenna structure design without flowing effects on NMR measurement and automatic control technology will achieve unattended operation.Through the innovation of this work,the application of NMR for the real-time and quantitative detection of multi-phase flow in oil and gas wells and pipelines can be implemented.

关键词： oil and gas wells Multi-phase flow NMR Online detection

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Control of neotectonic movement on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa Foreland Basin,west China

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Petroleum Science 2010年第1期7卷 49-58页

作者： Jiang Zhenxue Li Lianxia Song Yan Tian Fenghua Zhao Mengjun Wang Haijiang Zhao Zhenxing State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Exploration and Development Research Institute PetroChina Beijing 100083 China Department of Exploration ＆ Development PetroChina CBM Limited Company Beijing 100013 China Exploration Department Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Kuerle Xinjiang 841000 China No.8 oil production plant Changqing Oilfield Company PetroChina Xi＇an Shaanxi 710018 China

Neotectonic movement refers to the tectonic movement that has happened since the Cenozoic, which is the latest movement. It has the most important influence on the basins in west China, especially on the hydrocarbon accumulation in the western foreland basins. We determined the time of neotectonic movement in the Kuqa Foreland Basin, which began from the Neogene, and analyzed the patterns of movement, which were continuous and fast subsidence in the vertical direction and intense lateral compression. The structure styles are that the faulting is weakened and the folding is strengthened gradually from north to south. We studied the control of neotectonic movement on the hydrocarbon accumulation process and model in the Kuqa Foreland Basin with basin simulation technique. The largest subsidence rate of the Kuqa Foreland Basin reached 1,200 m/Ma during the neotectonic movement, leading to rapid maturing of source rock within 5 Ma and a large quantity of hydrocarbon being generated and expelled. The thick neotectonic strata can form high quality reservoirs with the proved gas and oil reserves accounting for 5% and 27% of the total reserves, respectively. 86% of the structural traps were formed in the neotectonic movement period. The faults formed during the neotectonic movement serve as important migration pathways and they exist in the region where the hydrocarbon reservoirs are distributed. Abnormally high pressure caused by the intense lateral compression, thick neotectonic strata deposition and rapid hydrocarbon generation provide driving force for hydrocarbon migration. The accumulation elements match each other well over a short period, leading to many large gas fields formed later in the Kuqa Foreland Basin.

关键词： Kuqa Foreland Basin neotectonic movement accumulation element accumulation process accumulation model

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Quantitative description of characteristics of high-capacity channels in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs using in situ production data

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Petroleum Science 2010年第1期7卷 106-111页

作者： Wang Xuezhong Wang Jianyong Wang Chuanfei Zeng Liufang Liu Xuewei Xinjiang Exploration ＆ production Center Shengli Oilfield Company Sinopec Dongying Shandong 257000 China Sinopec Beijing 100728 China China University of Petroleum Dongying Shandong 257061 China Gudong oil production plant Shengli Oilfield Company Sinopec Dongying Shandong 257237 China Institute of Porous Flow ＆ Fluid Mechanics CNPC ＆ Chinese Academy of Sciences Langfang Hebei 065007 China

Quantitative description of the high-capacity channels in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs, into which water was injected to improve oil recovery, is a hot topic in the field of reservoir development. This paper presents a novel approach to describing quantitatively the characteristics of connected macropores in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs using in situ production data. Based on physical simulation for formation mechanisms of high capacity channels and interwell tracer test data, a mathematical model was established to describe high-capacity channels by grey correlation theory, flow mechanism of fluid in porous media and reservoir engineering, and a program was developed to describe quantitatively the channel characteristics. The predicted results were consistent with field monitoring data （80%）, so this model could be economically and effectively used to identify high-capacity channels.

关键词： High-capacity channel unconsolidated sandstone quantitative description physical simulation interwell tracer grey correlation theory

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