Prostate cancer(PCa) is characterized by high incidence and propensity for easy metastasis, presenting significant challenges in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Tumor microenvironment(TME)-responsive nanomaterials p...
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Prostate cancer(PCa) is characterized by high incidence and propensity for easy metastasis, presenting significant challenges in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Tumor microenvironment(TME)-responsive nanomaterials provide a promising prospect for imaging-guided precision therapy. Considering that tumor-derived alkaline phosphatase(ALP) is over-expressed in metastatic PCa, it makes a great chance to develop a theranostics system with ALP responsive in the TME. Herein, an ALP-responsive aggregationinduced emission luminogens(AIEgens) nanoprobe AMNF self-assembly was designed for enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic PCa. The nanoprobe exhibited self-aggregation in the presence of ALP resulted in aggregation-induced fluorescence, and enhanced accumulation and prolonged retention period at the tumor site. In terms of detection, the fluorescence(FL)/computed tomography(CT)/magnetic resonance(MR) multi-mode imaging effect of nanoprobe was significantly improved post-aggregation, enabling precise diagnosis through the amalgamation of multiple imaging modes. Enhanced CT/MR imaging can achieve assist preoperative tumor diagnosis, and enhanced FL imaging technology can achieve “intraoperative visual navigation”, showing its potential application value in clinical tumor detection and surgical guidance. In terms of treatment, AMNF showed strong absorption in the near infrared region after aggregation, which improved the photothermal treatment effect. Overall, our work developed an effective aggregation-enhanced theranostic strategy for ALP-related cancers.
Spinal cord injury involves non-reversible damage to the central nervous system that is characterized by limited regenerative capacity and secondary inflammatory *** expression of the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C ...
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Spinal cord injury involves non-reversible damage to the central nervous system that is characterized by limited regenerative capacity and secondary inflammatory *** expression of the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis exhibits significant differences before and after *** studies have revealed that the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis is closely associated with secondary inflammatory responses and the recruitment of immune cells following spinal cord injury,suggesting that this axis is a novel target and regulatory control point for *** review comprehensively examines the therapeutic strategies targeting the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis,along with the regenerative and repair mechanisms linking the axis to spinal cord ***,we summarize the upstream and downstream inflammatory signaling pathways associated with spinal cord injury and the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 *** review primarily elaborates on therapeutic strategies that target the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis and the latest progress of research on antagonistic drugs,along with the approaches used to exploit new therapeutic targets within the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 axis and the development of targeted ***,there are presently no clinical studies relating to spinal cord injury that are focusing on the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 *** review aims to provide new ideas and therapeutic strategies for the future treatment of spinal cord injury.
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a member of the proprotein convertase (PCs) family, which facilitates the degradation of low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDL-R) via intracellular and cell su...
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Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a member of the proprotein convertase (PCs) family, which facilitates the degradation of low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDL-R) via intracellular and cell surface pathways, consequently elevating serum LDL-C levels. PCSK9 is implicated in various processes such as lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, thrombosis, and apoptosis. It is closely linked to ischemic stroke through its role in inducing and advancing atherosclerosis. PCSK9 inhibitors play a useful role in both acute and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke and can reduce the risk of ischemic stroke. This review examines the influence of PCSK9 on the risk factors associated with ischemic stroke and explores its potential mechanisms, and briefly describes the application of PCSK9 inhibitors in ischemic stroke.
With the wide application of thrombolytic drugs and the advancement of endovascular therapeutic techniques, the recanalization treatment of acute artery occlusion in ischemic stroke (IS) has made a leap forward, but i...
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With the wide application of thrombolytic drugs and the advancement of endovascular therapeutic techniques, the recanalization treatment of acute artery occlusion in ischemic stroke (IS) has made a leap forward, but ischemic brain tissues still face ischemia-reperfusion injury after recanalization. Nowadays, effective neurological protective agents still cannot completely resist the multiple damages of ischemia-reperfusion injury. As an iron-dependent mode of programmed cell death, ferroptosis occupies an important position in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Selenium plays a unique protective role in ischemia-reperfusion injury as an active site element in the center of glutathione peroxidase. Therefore, the study mainly aims to review the protective role of selenium in IS and the related mechanisms, as well as the effect of selenium on the risk factors of IS.
Glehniae Radix has a wide range of pharmaceutical applications, and research on its main components has mainly focused on coumarins, alkaloids, lignans, and flavonoids, while neglecting the research on polysaccha...
Glehniae Radix has a wide range of pharmaceutical applications, and research on its main components has mainly focused on coumarins, alkaloids, lignans, and flavonoids, while neglecting the research on polysaccharides. Literature reports and our previous studies have shown that polysaccharides have certain therapeutic significance in immune regulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other aspects. Herein, the rat model of ulcerative colitis (UC) was established to evaluate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of the prepared Glehniae Radix polysaccharide (GLP) from the perspectives of inflammatory factors, intestinal tissue morphology, and microflora changes. The polysaccharides are mainly composed of galacturonic acid, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose in molar ratios of 1.4:9.2:33.3:2.5:2.9, and GLP could downregulate the expression pro-inflammatory factors (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ) and significantly upregulate the expression of anti-inflammatory factor (interleukin-10). In addition, Glehniae Radix aqueous extract (GLA), GLP with low dosage (GLPL) and GLP with high dosage (GLPH) could increase the number of goblet cells, enhance the integrity of crypt structure, and reverse the status of inflammatory infiltrating cells. Moreover, GLA and GLPH could upregulate Lactobacillus and Lachnoclostridium in UC rats, and appropriately downregulate Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, thereby optimizing the proportion of bacterial flora and improving the intestinal microbial environment. Our findings not only be valuable as theoretical materials for the further clinical applications of GLP, but the identified biomarkers and metabolic pathways also provide new clues for the diagnosis of UC.
Tianxiangdan(TXD), a traditional Chinese herbal remedy, demonstrates efficacy in mitigating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)-induced damage. This study employed network pharmacology to evaluate the therapeutic...
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Tianxiangdan(TXD), a traditional Chinese herbal remedy, demonstrates efficacy in mitigating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)-induced damage. This study employed network pharmacology to evaluate the therapeutic targets and mechanisms of TXD in treating I/R. Highperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS) identified 86 compounds in TXD. Network pharmacological analysis predicted potential target genes and their modes of action. Cardiac function, ischaemic ST changes, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, myocardial fiber, and infarct size were assessed using in vivo and in vitro I/R injury models. Estrogen receptor alpha(ERα)protein expression and estradiol(E2) levels were measured to confirm TXD's impact on estrogen levels and ERα expression. To examine if TXD reduces I/R injury through ERα, an AZD group(300 nmol·L-1AZD9496 and 15% TXD serum) was compared to a TXD group(15% TXD serum). The study hypothesized that TXD upregulates the ERα-mediated iron metamorphosis pathway. I/R injury-induced ferroptosis was identified using a Fer-1 group(1.0 μmol·L-1Fer-1 and 15% TXD serum) to elucidate the potential association between ferroptosis and ERαproteins. A DCFH-DA probe detected reactive oxygen species(ROS) and Fe2+, while Western blotting assessed target protein expression. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that TXD attenuated I/R injury by reducing elevated ST-segment levels, improving cardiac injury biomarkers(LDH, MDA, and SOD), alleviating pathological features, and preventing I/R-induced loss of cell viability in vitro. The effects and mechanisms of TXD on I/R injury-associated ferroptosis were investigated using I/R-induced H9c2 cells. The TXD group showed significantly decreased ROS and Fe2+levels, while the AZ group(treated with AZD9496) exhibited increased levels. The TXD group demonstrated enhanced expression of ERα and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), with reduced levels of P53
Peroxynitrite(ONOO-) is a highly reactive nitrogen species that plays pivotal roles in cell signal transduction and physiological or pathological progresses. However, commonly used ONOO-optical imaging probes are st...
Peroxynitrite(ONOO-) is a highly reactive nitrogen species that plays pivotal roles in cell signal transduction and physiological or pathological progresses. However, commonly used ONOO-optical imaging probes are still hampered by high background/autofluorescence(fluorescence probe), short emission wavelength, or poor selectivity in the case of chemiluminescence. Herein,we report a facile method to prepare an activatable chemiluminescence probe(PPA-PEG) with good biocompatibility and functionality for in vivo autofluorescence-free imaging of ONOO-. The PPA-PEG consists of pyropheophorbide-a(PPA), a typical deep red photosensitizer that acts as both the recognition and signaling element, and 4-arm poly(ethylene glycol)(4-arm PEG), which improves the biosafety and water solubility of probe. These components can self-assemble into nanoparticles(namely PPA-PEG nanoprobe) in aqueous solution. The PPA-PEG nanoprobe showed an ultra-low chemiluminescence signal before interacting with ONOO-, but exhibited good selectivity, high sensitivity and a fast response toward ONOO-. The PPAPEG was successfully applied to image cellular ONOO-changes, as well as the endogenous ONOO-changes in inflammation models and subcutaneous or orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) tumors models in living mice. In vitro and in vivo studies verified the good detection and imaging capabilities of PPA-PEG for peroxynitrite, demonstrating suitable tissue penetration and a high signal-to-background ratio(SBR). Thus, our nanoprobe can serve as a valuable activatable chemiluminescence imaging tool for studying important peroxynitrite-related chemical and biological applications.
作者:
Nan ZhangQingting LinHuadong ZhuEmergency Department
State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Department of Radiology
the Second Affi liated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310009China
Despite efforts to develop treatment technology for cardiac arrest (CA),CA incidence and mortality rates are still high.^([1,2])A recent study of CA patients in emergency departments revealed that the incidence of CA ...
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Despite efforts to develop treatment technology for cardiac arrest (CA),CA incidence and mortality rates are still high.^([1,2])A recent study of CA patients in emergency departments revealed that the incidence of CA is increasing annually,and the in-hospital survival rate of CA patients is only approximately 28.7%.^([3])Echocardiography has been widely used as an important monitoring tool in critical care and helps to identify the cause of shock,monitor hemodynamics,and guide fluid therapy utilization.^([4])One study reported that approximately one-third of patients underwent formal echocardiography during hospitalization in the intensive care unit (ICU).
BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a life-threatening inflammatory condition in which the invading pathogen avoids the host's defense mechanisms and continuously stimulates and damages host cells. Consequently, many immune respons...
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BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a life-threatening inflammatory condition in which the invading pathogen avoids the host's defense mechanisms and continuously stimulates and damages host cells. Consequently, many immune responses initially triggered for protection become harmful because of the failure to restore homeostasis, resulting in ongoing hyperinflammation and immunosuppression. METHODS: A literature review was conducted to address bacterial sepsis, describe advances in understanding complex immunological reactions, critically assess diagnostic approaches, and emphasize the importance of studying bacterial bottlenecks in the detection and treatment of ***: Diagnosing sepsis via a single laboratory test is not feasible;therefore, multiple key biomarkers are typically monitored, with a focus on trends rather than absolute values. The immediate interpretation of sepsis-associated clinical signs and symptoms, along with the use of specific and sensitive laboratory tests, is crucial for the survival of patients in the early stages. However, long-term mortality associated with sepsis is now recognized, and alongside the progression of this condition, there is an in vivo selection of adapted ***: Bacterial sepsis remains a significant cause of mortality across all ages and societies. While substantial progress has been made in understanding the immunological mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response, there is growing recognition that the ongoing host-pathogen interactions, including the emergence of adapted virulent strains, shape both the acute and long-term outcomes in sepsis. This underscores the urgent need for novel high-throughput diagnostic methods and a shift toward more pre-emptive, rather than reactive, treatment strategies in sepsis care.
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