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Evaluation of soil loss severity and ecological restoration approach for sustainable agriculture in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalaya region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1509-1521页

作者： Arshad ASHRAF Imran AHMAD Climate Energy and Water Research InstituteNational Agricultural Research Centre(NARC)Islamabad 44000Pakistan

Soil erosion has resulted in removal of the topsoils containing fine soil particles and plant nutrients, causing decrease in soil fertility in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalaya(HKH) region. The existing production of cereal crop grains has been reduced to one third of the potential crop grains production owing to land degradation and poor farming practices. It is necessary to assess risk of soil loss and identify appropriate controlling measures to address issues of low agriculture productivity and water insecurity in the region. In the present study, severity of soil loss was predicted using Revised Universal Loss Equation(RUSLE) and ecological measures were identified for sustainable mountain agriculture in the HKH region of Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan. Overall 62.6% area was found to have very low risk of soil loss, i.e., 100 t/(ha·yr) in about 6.8% and 7.4% areas respectively. The mean rate of soil loss was about 41.9 t/(ha·yr) in the Hindu Kush, 31.1 t/(ha·yr) in the Himalayas, 18.8 t/(ha·yr) in the Karakoram and overall 29.7 t/(ha·yr) in the three HKH ranges. As such no considerable measures have been adopted by the communities for restoration of the degraded areas except raising fruit/farm trees and supporting limited social forestry for their livelihoods. The slopes cleared for cultivation and susceptible to erosion may be stabilized through sowing/planting of multi-purpose plant species and formation of proper bench terraces. The conservation of forest ecosystem and pastures at higher elevations would help in reducing overland water flow, risk of flash flood hazard and minimizing sediment loads in the downstream. It is essential to adopt site-specific resource conservation techniques and restore possible ecosystem health for sustainable agriculture and economic developm

关键词： Climate change Erodibility Indus basin Land degradation Slope stabilization

Engineering Strategies for Suppressing the Shuttle Effect in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 187-221页

作者： Jiayi Li Li Gao Fengying Pan Cheng Gong Limeng Sun Hong Gao Jinqiang Zhang Yufei Zhao Guoxiu Wang Hao Liu Joint International Laboratory On Environmental and energy Frontier Materials School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghaiPeople’s Republic of China centre for Clean energy Technology University of Technology SydneyBroadwaySydneyNSW 2007Australia

Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are supposed to be one of the most potential next-generation batteries owing to their high theoretical capacity and low ***,the shuttle effect of firm multi-step two-electron reaction between sulfur and lithium in liquid electrolyte makes the capacity much smaller than the theoretical *** methods were proposed for inhibiting the shuttle effect of polysulfide,improving corresponding redox kinetics and enhancing the integral performance of Li–S ***,we will comprehensively and systematically summarize the strategies for inhibiting the shuttle effect from all components of Li–S ***,the electrochemical principles/mechanism and origin of the shuttle effect are described in ***,the efficient strategies,including boosting the sulfur conversion rate of sulfur,confining sulfur or lithium polysulfides(LPS)within cathode host,confining LPS in the shield layer,and preventing LPS from contacting the anode,will be discussed to suppress the shuttle ***,recent advances in inhibition of shuttle effect in cathode,electrolyte,separator,and anode with the aforementioned strategies have been summarized to direct the further design of efficient materials for Li–S ***,we present prospects for inhibition of the LPS shuttle and potential development directions in Li–S batteries.

关键词： Shuttle effect Designed strategies Li-S battery Lithium polysulfides

Efficient optimization of electron transfer pathway by constructing phosphide/ceria interface boosts seawater hydrogen production

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 490-498,I0011页

作者： Yifan Zhao Lingfeng Yang Youyu Long Min Xi Anran Chen Hua Zhang School of Materials and energy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091YunnanChina Electron Microscopy centre of Yunnan University Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091YunnanChina

Developing efficient and durable hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)electrocatalysts is one of the most important issues for the commercialization of seawater electrolysis,but it remains ***,we report a CeO_(2)-CoP nanoneedle array catalyst loaded on Ti mesh(CeO_(2)-CoP/TM)with workfunction-induced directional charge transport *** CeO_(2)-CoP/TM catalyst showed superior HER catalytic activity and stability,with over potentials of 41 and 60 mV to attain 10 mA cm^(-2),in 1 M KOH and 1 M KOH+seawater electrolyte,*** results and theoretical calculations reveal that the work function drives the charge transfer from CeO_(2)to CoP,which effectively balances the electronic density of CoP and CeO_(2),optimizes the d-band center,and accelerates the water activation kinetics,thus enhancing the HER *** solar-driven water electrolysis device displays a high and stable solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 19.6%.This study offers a work function-induced directional charge transport strategy to design efficient and durable catalysts for hydrogen production.

关键词： Work function Heterostructure Charge transport Seawater splitting Solar-to-hydrogen

Effect of ambient pressures on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy signals

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第4期19卷 243-256页

作者： Kaifan Zhang Weiran Song Zongyu Hou Zhe Wang State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Tsinghua-Rio Tinto Joint Research Centre for ResourcesEnergy and Sustainable DevelopmentInternational Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy InnovationInstitute for Carbon NeutralityDepartment of Energy and Power EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Shanxi Research Institute for Clean energy Tsinghua UniversityTaiyuan 030032China

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)is regarded as the future superstar for analytical chemistry and widely applied in various *** the quality of LIBS signal is fundamental to achieving accurate quantification and large-scale commercialization of *** propose control methods that improve LIBS signal quality,it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the influence of key parameters,such as ambient gas pressure,temperature,and sample temperature on LIBS *** date,extensive research has been carried ***,different researchers often yield significantly different experimental results for LIBS,preventing the formation of consistent *** greatly prevents the understanding of influencing laws of key parameters and the improvement of LIBS quantitative *** ambient gas pressure as an example,this paper compares the effects of ambient gas pressure under different optimization conditions,reveals the influence of spatiotemporal window caused by inherent characteristics of LIBS signal sources,i.e.,intense temporal changes and spatial non-uniformity of laser-induced plasmas,on the impact patterns of key *** the perspective of plasma spatiotemporal evolution,the paper elucidates the influence patterns of ambient gas pressure on LIBS signals,clarifying seemingly contradictory research results in the literature.

关键词： laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy spatiotemporal window pressure condition signal uncertainty plasma modulation

Plastic Crystal Neopentyl Glycol/Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Composites for Highly Efficient Barocaloric Refrigeration System

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第1期33卷 383-393页

作者： DAI Zhaofeng SHE Xiaohui SHAO Bohan YIN Ershuai DING Yulong LI Yongliang ZHANG Xiaosong ZHAO Dongliang School of energy&Environment Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China School of Mechanical Engineering Shijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang 050043China School of energy and Power Engineering Nanjing University of Science&TechnologyNanjing 210094China Birmingham centre for energy Storage School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK

Plastic crystal neopentyl glycol(NPG)exhibits colossal barocaloric effect with high entropy ***,their application is restricted in several aspects,such as low thermal conductivity,substantial supercooling effect,and poor springback *** this work,multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)with ultra-high thermal conductivity and high mechanical strength were selected for performance enhancement of *** optimal mixing ratio was determined to be NPG with 3 wt%MWCNTs composites,which showed a 6K reduction in supercooling without affecting the phase change ***,comprehensive performance of the composites with optimal mixing ratio was compared with pure NPG At 40 MPa,390J·K^(-1)·kg^(-1)change in entropy and 9.9 K change in temperature were ***,the minimum driving pressure required to achieve reversible barocaloric effect was reduced by 19.2%.In addition,the thermal conductivity of the composite was increased by approximately 28%,significantly reducing the heat exchange time during a barocaloric refrigeration *** importantly,ultra-high pressure release rate resulted in a73.7%reduction in the springback time of the composites,offering new opportunities for the recovery of expansion work.

关键词： barocaloric refrigeration neopentyl glycol MWCNTs performance enhancement

Optimization of gas lift system for well performance improvement in Asmari formation:A techno-economic perspective

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Petroleum Research 2024年第1期9卷 115-124页

作者： Hari Sreenivasan Jash Patel Dev Jain Setu Patel Isaac Wilson Shanker Krishna Drilling Cementing&Stimulation(DCS)Research CentreDepartment of Petroleum EngineeringSchool of Energy Technology(SoET)Pandit Deendayal Energy University(PDEU)Knowledge CorridorRaysanGandhinagarGujarat382426India

Well productivity in the Asmari carbonate formation of southwest Iran has decreased in recent years as a result of production *** production rate must be maintained below 1500 STB/day to prevent water *** this study,a gas lift well is modeled using data from one of the producing wells of this *** analysis is performed using lift-gas injection rates and wellhead pressures at different reservoir pressures and water cut conditions to optimize *** aspects are considered to optimize the artificial gas injection rates at different tubing head pressures and water cut *** the lift-gas injection rate from 0.4 MMscf/day to 1 MMscf/day enhances the oil production rate by 37.71%and 43.89%for 10%and 30%water cut conditions,*** injection rates of 5.2 MMscf/day and 5.4 MMscf/day are determined to be economically optimal for 30%water cut with tubing head pressures of 260 psig and 270 psig,respectively.

关键词： Production enhancement Artificial lift Gas lift Asmari carbonate formation Techno-economic analysis Well productivity

Super P and MoO2/MoS2 co-doped gradient nanofiber membrane as multi-functional separator for lithium–sulfur batteries

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Rare Metals 2024年第9期43卷 4263-4273页

作者： Xin Liang Dong-Qing Zhao Qian-Qian Huang Sheng Liang Li-Li Wang Lei Hu Ling-Li Liu Kun-Hong Hu Chong-Hai Deng Sheng Cheng Er-Tao Zhu Hua-Xia Deng School of energy Materials and Chemical Engineering LIB Technology Center of Anhui ProvinceHefei University Instrumental Analysis centre Hefei University of Technology Hefei Youngy energy Materials Co. Ltd. Department of Modern Mechanics University of Science and Technology of China

Lithium-sulfur battery is one of the most promising battery systems for industrialization due to its high theoretical specific capacity and high energy ***,the??shuttle effect??has restrained the advancement of lithium-sulfur *** this work,a gradient-structured nanofiber membrane with pure gelatin on one side and Super P-MoO2/MoS2-gelatin on the other side was created using a multi-step electrostatic spinning technique,which was applied for multi-functional separator for lithium-sulfur *** pure gelatin layer facing the anode side primarily homogenizes the lithium flux,whereas the Super P-MoO2/MoS2-gelatin layer facing the cathode side primarily adsorbs polysulfides by physical and chemical adsorption and enhancing polysulfide conversion *** findings demonstrate that even after 150 cycles at 0.2C,the lithium-sulfur battery can still sustain a discharge-specific capacity of 572.3 mAh·*** used with Li||Li symmetric batteries,it has a cycle life of more than 1200 *** commercialization of lithium-sulfur batteries is given a fresh idea by this straightforward preparation technique.

关键词： Li–S battery Membrane MoO2/MoS2 Nanofiber

Thermochemical splitting of CO_(2) on perovskites for CO production: A review

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2024年第3期90卷 464-485,I0011页

作者： Biduan Chen Harriet Kildahl Hui Yang Yulong Ding Lige Tong Li Wang School of energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Chemical Engineering University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom Beijing Engineering Research centre of energy Saving and Environmental Protection Beijing 100083China

energy supply dominated by fossil energy has been and remains the main cause of carbon dioxide emissions,the major greenhouse gas leading to the current grave climate change *** technical pathways have been proposed to address the *** capture and utilization(CCU) represents one of the approaches and thermochemical CO_(2) splitting driven by thermal energy is a subset of the CCU,which converts the captured CO_(2) into CO and makes it possible to achieve closed-loop carbon ***-active catalysts are among the most critical components of the thermochemical splitting cycles and perovskites are regarded as the most promising *** we review the latest advancements in thermochemical cycles based on perovskites,covering thermodynamic principles,material modifications,reaction kinetics,oxygen pressure control,circular strategies,and demonstrations to provide a comprehensive overview of the topical *** cycles based on such materials require the consideration of trade-off between cost and efficiency,which is related to actual material used,operation mode,oxygen removal,and heat *** of efforts have been made towards improving reaction rates,conversion efficiency and cycling stability,materials related research has been lacking-a key aspect affecting the performance across all above *** perovskites and composite perovskites arise recently as a potentially promising addition to material *** such materials,more effective oxygen removal would be needed to enhance the overall efficiency,for which thermochemical or electrochemical oxygen pumps could contribute to efficient oxygen removal as well as serve as means for inert gas *** integration of thermochemical CO_(2) splitting process with downstream fuel production and other processes could reduce costs and increase efficiency of the *** represents one of the directions for the future research.

关键词： Perovskite Thermochemical cycles CO_(2) splitting Fuel production Non-stoichiometric

Optimal Operation with Dynamic Partitioning Strategy for Centralized Shared energy Storage Station with Integration of Large-scale Renewable energy

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean energy 2024年第2期12卷 359-370页

作者： Jianlin Li Zhijin Fang Qian Wang Mengyuan Zhang Yaxin Li Weijun Zhang Beijing Future Technology Innovation centre for Electrochemical energy Storage System Integration North China University of Technology Beijing China State Grid Fujian Electric Power Research Institute Fuzhou China

As renewable energy continues to be integrated into the grid,energy storage has become a vital technique supporting power system *** effectively promote the efficiency and economics of energy storage,centralized shared energy storage(SES)station with multiple energy storage batteries is developed to enable energy trading among a group of *** this paper,we propose the optimal operation with dynamic partitioning strategy for the centralized SES station,considering the day-ahead demands of large-scale renewable energy power *** implement a multi-entity cooperative optimization operation model based on Nash bargaining *** model is decomposed into two subproblems:the operation profit maximization problem with energy trading and the leasing payment bargaining *** distributed alternating direction multiplier method(ADMM)is employed to address the subproblems *** reveal that the optimal operation with a dynamic partitioning strategy improves the tracking of planned output of renewable energy entities,enhances the actual utilization rate of energy storage,and increases the profits of each participating *** results confirm the practicality and effectiveness of the strategy.

关键词： Shared energy storage(SES) dynamic partitioning strategy optimal operation Nash bargaining theory actual utilization rate of energy storage