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Local State Capacity and Uneven Taxation across Industrial Firms

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China & World Economy 2024年第3期32卷 191-214页

作者： Linke Hou Zhikuo Liu Qi Zhang Xiaolu Zhao the economic Research Center Shandong UniversityChina China Center for economic studies Fudan UniversityChina School of economics Ocean University of ChinaChina

In this research we investigate the association between local state capacity(LSC)and effective tax burdens(ETBs)on industrial firms within counties between 1998 and *** LSC measures a state's capacity for policy implementation and specifically its ability to acquire low-cost agricultural land for nonagricultural(industrial or commercial)*** on China's government-led development experience since the 1990s,we draw on two unique household survey datasets to capture LSC at county *** find robust evidence that greater LSC was associated with much lower ETBs on large industrial *** taxation pattern implies local government's primary reliance on larger manufacturing firms,while the ETBs for small-and-medium enterprises are not as prominently *** research highlights that LSC can affect both the amount of revenue a local government can generate and the methods it uses to collect these revenues.

关键词： China effective tax burdens land requisition local government local state capacity

How the adoption of industry 4.0 technologies is related to participation in global and domestic value chains: Evidence from Russia

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International Journal of Innovation studies 2024年第2期8卷 93-108页

作者： Anna A.Fedyunina Nikolay A.Gorodnyi Yuri V.Simachev Centre for Industrial Policy studies National Research University Higher School of EconomicMoscow11Pokrovsky BoulevardZip Code:101000Russia

This study explores the relationships among Industry 4.0 technologies, their application areas,and the involvement of Russian manufacturing firms in global and domestic value chains. Weapply logit and multinomial logit regressions using an original survey dataset of approximately1700 Russian manufacturing firms. We make a novel contribution to the literature by uncoveringan asymmetry in adopting Industry 4.0 technologies among Russian industrial firms in domesticvalue chains (DVCs) and global value chains (GVCs). This asymmetry has the potential to impedeGVC localization and DVC internationalization. Based on our results, software automation solu-tions are the only ones demonstrating statistical significance for firms participating simulta-neously in GVCs, DVCs, and both GVCs and DVCs. Companies in DVCs demonstrate a broaderutilization of Industry 4.0 technologies across various application areas. We also identify evidenceof reshoring in DVCs, indicating that Industry 4.0 adoption encourages firms to establish enduringrelationships with domestic suppliers. Highlighting that differences in technology adoption areinfluenced by external factors, including adherence to international standards and regulatoryprinciples, we propose policy implications for developing countries. Recommendations encom-pass reducing entry barriers to DVCs, improving procurement transparency, and promotingcompetition in the digital solutions market to empower firms for seamless GVC integration.

关键词： Industry 4.0 Global value chains Domestic value chains Forward linkages Backward linkages

Measures of Relative and Absolute Convergence and Pro-poor Growth with an Illustration based on China(2010–2018)

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China & World Economy 2024年第2期32卷 1-41页

作者： Elena Bárcena-Martin Jacques Silber Yuan Zhang Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales Universidad de MálagaSpain Department of economics Bar-Ilan UniversityIsrael China Center for economic studies Fudan UniversityChina

Income mobility is a key issue for understanding the process of economic growth and distributional *** economists have used the concept of“pro-poor growth”to examine,with individual-level panel data,whether the poor benefit more than the rich from economic growth by tracking the extent of income mobility among different population *** is also literature in macroeconomics on the measurement of *** paper introduces population-weighted relative and absolute indices of mobility,convergence,and pro-poor growth;it also distinguishes between anonymous and nonanonymous approaches to these *** empirical analysis is based on Chinese panel data for the period 2010–*** both absolute and relative terms,income growth in China was greater for individuals with an initially lower income but only for lower income deciles in relative *** was also an overall increase in individual welfare from anonymous and nonanonymous perspectives,which was higher among younger *** welfare of the poor did not increase more than that of the *** results shed light on the evolution of income distribution in China during the past decade's rapid economic growth.

关键词： anonymous and nonanonymous approach convergence exchange and structural mobility pro-poor growth

Spatial Structure of Peer Networks and Academic Achievement Based on a Random Control Trial Experiment

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China & World Economy 2024年第3期32卷 67-97页

作者： Shilan Feng Ya Tan Zhi Wang Qinghua Zhang School of Marxism Peking UniversityChina School of International Trade and economics University of International Business and EconomicsChina China Center for economic studies Fudan Universityand Shanghai Institute of International Finance and EconomicsChina Guanghua School of Management Peking UniversityChina

This paper investigates whether changing the seating arrangement in a classroom can facilitate positive spillovers from top-performing students to others,using a field experiment conducted in a Chinese high *** study groups with balanced abilities,the treatment altered the spatial distribution by assigning the two top students to seats in the spatial center of each *** the reference groups where students were allowed to choose their own seating arrangements,the lowest performing were significantly less likely to sit next to a top student than they would be under a random *** results suggest that,in the treated groups,there could be enhanced academic spillovers from the top *** treatment especially benefited the two lowest performing students in science *** contrast,the treatment exerted negative effects on the test scores of the two middle-performing students,due to a disruption *** results suggest that the spatial layout of a peer network can have a significant impact on learning outcomes.

关键词： field experiment peer effects social interactions spatial structure test scores

Optimal privatisation,and optimum-welfare and maximum-revenue tariffs

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economic and Political studies 2024年第2期12卷 220-234页

作者： Tien-Der Han Ruochen Li Loughborough Business School Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK Centre for economic Research Shandong UniversityJinanChina

We examine the effect of privatisation on the priority of the maximum-revenue tariff and the optimum-welfare tariff in an international mixed oligopoly with foreign competition and optimal *** demonstrate that when the marginal cost of the domestic privatised firm is high enough,the optimumwelfare tariff will exceed the maximum-revenue ***,due to the higher tariff rate that leads to the high degree of privatisation,the optimum-welfare tariff generates greater optimal privatisation than the maximum-revenue tariff ***,when the gap between the number of domestic private firms and that of their foreign counterparts becomes larger,the optimum-welfare tariff will exceed the maximum-revenue tariff.

关键词： Mixed oligopoly partial privatisation tariff ranking

Recent advances and future prospects on Ni_(3)S_(2)-Based electrocatalysts for efficient alkaline water electrolysis

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第4期9卷 659-683页

作者： Shiwen Wang Zhen Geng Songhu Bi Yuwei Wang Zijian Gao Liming Jin Cunman Zhang Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center School of Automotive StudiesTongji UniversityShanghai201804China

Green hydrogen(H_(2))produced by renewable energy powered alkaline water electrolysis is a promising alternative to fossil fuels due to its high energy density with zero-carbon ***,efficient and economic H_(2) production by alkaline water electrolysis is hindered by the sluggish hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Therefore,it is imperative to design and fabricate high-active and low-cost non-precious metal catalysts to improve the HER and OER performance,which affects the energy efficiency of alkaline water ***_(3)S_(2) with the heazlewoodite structure is a potential electrocatalyst with near-metal conductivity due to the Ni–Ni metal ***,the review comprehensively presents the recent progress of Ni_(3)S_(2)-based electrocatalysts for alkaline water ***,the HER and OER mechanisms,performance evaluation criteria,preparation methods,and strategies for performance improvement of Ni_(3)S_(2)-based electrocatalysts are *** challenges and perspectives are also analyzed.

关键词： Alkaline water electrolysis Hydrogen Electrocatalysts Ni_(3)S_(2)

Arabidopsis WRKY1 promotes monocarpic senescence by integrative regulation of flowering,leaf senescence,and nitrogen remobilization

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Molecular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1289-1306页

作者： Wei Zhang Shufei Tang Xuying Li Yuanyuan Chen Jiajia Li Yuyang Wang Ruichao Bian Ying Jin Xiaoxian Zhu Kewei Zhang Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty economic Plants College of Life SciencesZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaZhejiang 321004P.R.China

Monocarpic senescence,characterized by whole-plant senescence following a single flowering phase,is widespread in seed plants,particularly in crops,determining seed harvest time and ***,how external and internal signals are systemically integrated into monocarpic senescence remains largely ***,we report that the Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor WRKY1 plays essential roles in multiple key steps of monocarpic ***1 expression is induced by age,salicylic acid(SA),and nitrogen(N)*** and leaf senescence are accelerated in the WRKY1 overexpression lines but are delayed in the wrky1 *** combined DNA affinity purification sequencing and RNA sequencing analyses uncover the direct target genes of *** studies show that WRKY1 coordinately regulates three processes in monocarpic senescence:(1)suppressing FLOWERING LOCUS C gene expression to initiate flowering,(2)inducing SA biosynthesis genes to promote leaf senescence,and(3)activating the N assimilation and transport genes to trigger N *** summary,our study reveals how one stress-responsive transcription factor,WRKY1,integrates flowering,leaf senescence,and N remobilization processes into monocarpic senescence,providing important insights into plant lifetime regulation.

关键词： monocarpic senescence leaf senescence flowering time nitrogen remobilization salicylic acid WRKY transcription factor

When democratic deliberation encounters Confucian moral governance:Rethinking consultative politics in rural China

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economic and Political studies 2024年第3期12卷 267-284页

作者： Rongxin Li School of International studies and Academy of Overseas Chinese studies Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina

The last decades have witnessed the flourishing of consultative democracy(xieshang minzhu,a concept similar to deliberative democracy)in China,with ambitions for implementing consultative politics and *** the West,mainstream deliberative democracy studies largely overlook the fact that deliberation is an elusive and polysemic notion,which develops into various practices in different social and cultural ***,a non-Western-centred approach needs to be adopted to further investigate deliberative experimentation in rural *** on the four months of fieldwork conducted in several villages in rural China,this paper argues that China’s rural villages have inherited a strong Confucianism-based idea of deliberation and *** case studies from the sociological-political perspective,this paper also aims to shed some new light on the compatibilities between modern democratic governance approaches and the informal,hierarchical and highly moralised forms of public order in the rural Chinese acquaintance *** these empirical observations could bridge the gap between Western and Chinese perspectives on the theory and practice of deliberative democracy.

关键词： Deliberative democracy grassroots deliberative governance rural China consultative politics Confucianism

Cultural tightness,trust,and power in enforcing tax compliance

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economic and Political studies 2024年第2期12卷 143-170页

作者： Aloys Prinz Institute of Public economics M€unster Centre for Economic PolicyUniversity of M€unsterM€unsterGermany

The so-called Cultural Tightness–Looseness(CTL)concept intends to describe the socio-cultural foundation of societies by the strictness of social *** this paper,CTL is used to investigate its relevance to enforcing tax *** CTL concept is formalised by structural payoff matrices for the confrontation between citizens and *** norms and their impacts on the behaviour of the parties in a conflict are used to define several variants of tight and loose *** payoff matrices are employed to classify respective forms of *** a dynamic analysis,‘power’and‘trust’,as policy measures of behaviour control,are introduced to determine which instrument or combination of instruments emerges as the most relevant and effective option in the respective societal *** result is that‘trust’emerges in tight societies as the more important instrument of behaviour control,whereas‘power’appears as the more crucial tool in loose ***,it is concluded that power or the‘cops and robbers’approach is usually applied in loose societies to enforce tax *** contrast,‘trust’via the provision of information and support for paying taxes can be more often used in tight societies.

关键词： Cultural tightness cultural looseness social norms behaviour control trust and power tax compliance