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Phytotoxic effect of Sesbania virgata(Cav.) *** seeds of agronomic and forestry species

Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第2期26卷 339-346页

作者： Vera Lygia El Id Bárbara Vale da Costa Daiane Salete Broch Mignoni Marina Belloni Veronesi Kelly Simoes Marcia Regina Braga Nelson Augusto dos Santos Junior Seed department Institute of Botany Plant Physiology and Biochemistry department Institute of Botany

Sesbania virgata（Cav.） *** a pioneer species native to South America able to release allelochemicals that affect germination and development of other plant *** aim of this work was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of *** on the germination and development of co-occurring species from gallery forest and on agronomic *** forest native species,Enterolobium contortisiliquum（Vell.） Morong and Sapindus saponaria L.,and two agronomic species（these as control）,Oryza sativa *** Solanum lycopersicum *** used in the lab and greenhouse assays with seeds and leaf extracts of *** species were more affected than native species when co-germinated with seeds of *** germination percentage and speed germination index of the agronomic species were reduced in both in vitro and greenhouse *** the same assays,the seeds of native species showed no significant differences in the parameters ***,the initial growth of the four species assayed was affected,with reduction in plant length and shoot diameter followed by significant reduction in plantlet shoot and root *** the assays with irrigation of *** leaf extracts,no significant inhibitory effects on germination were observed for all *** and shoot diameter of the native species were not affected by the leaf extracts,nor were fresh and dry ***,these parameters increased in the agronomic species as they were irrigated with leaf *** on our data we conclude that seed leachates of *** affect germination and seedling development of other species,suggesting that its invasive behavior is due mainly to seed *** with less pronounced effects on native species,allelopathy of *** might also influence Interspecific competition in its natural environment.

关键词： Allelochemicals Allelopathy Catechin Fabaceae Gallery forest

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Syncytes during male meiosis resulting in 2n pollen grain formationin Lindelofia longiflora ***

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第5期49卷 406-410页

作者： Vijay Kumar SINGHAL Pawan Kumar RANA Puneet KUMAR department of botany Punjabi University

Lindelofia longiflora(Royle ex Benth.) ***(Cl.) Brand(Family:Boraginaceae) is investigated cytologically(n = 12) for the first time from the cold deserts of Pangi Valley,Chamba District(Himachal Pradesh) in *** report the formation of syncytes and 2n pollen grains in the *** meiosis,the majority of the pollen mother cells(PMCs) exhibited 12 bivalents,equal segregation of chromosomes during anaphases,regular tetrads,and normal-sized pollen grain ***,two proximate PMCs fused during the early stages of prophase-I and resulted in the formation of *** frequency of syncytes in the accession is rather low,at 25 out of 1866(1.33%).Such syncyte PMCs are detectable during meiosis due to their larger size compared to typical *** syncytes or polyploid cells showed normal 24 bivalents and depicted perfectly regular meiotic *** the products of such PMCs yield 2n or larger sized pollen grains that are almost double the size of typical normal or n pollen *** origin of syncytes as a consequence of the fusion of meiocytes during the early stages of meiosis-I could be attributed to low temperature stress conditions prevailing in the Pangi Valley,where temperature during May and June dip to below freezing,the time the plants enters the reproductive/flowering bud *** is possible that such apparently fertile 2n pollen grains originating from syncytes might play a role in the origin of intraspecific polyploids in the species.

关键词： bivalents cold deserts low temperature stress Pangi Valley PMCs pollen grains.

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Using DNA-based techniques to identify hybrids among linear-leaved Potamogeton plants collected in China

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第4期48卷 265-270页

作者： Akeem Babalola KADIRI department of botany and Microbiology University of Lagos

It is well known that interspecific hybrids occur in the genus *** linear-leaved Potamogeton species commonly have highly variable morphological *** hybrids often show similar vegetative characters to their parental species and their identification based solely on morphology is not always *** order to clarify whether there are any hybrids from the linear-leaved Potamogeton plants collected in China,we used internal transcribed spacers(ITS)of nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast rbcL gene sequences to identify the *** ITS sequence additivity,we identified four hybrids,namely ***(***×***),***×***,***×***,and ***×*** latter three hybrids should be considered as new hybrids in *** maternal parents of the four hybrids were confirmed using chloroplast rbcL gene sequences.

关键词： hybridization internal transcribed spacer Potamogeton rbcL

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Arsenic Stress Responses and Tolerance in Rice: Physiological, Cellular and Molecular Approaches

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Rice science 2018年第5期25卷 235-249页

作者： Jyotirmay KALITA Amit Kumar PRADHAN Zina Moni SHANDILYA Bhaben TANTI department of botany Gauhati University

Arsenic （As）, a potentially toxic metalloid released in the soil environment as a result of natural as well as anthropogenic processes, is subsequently taken up by crop plants. In rice grains, As has been reported in Asia, North America and Europe, suggesting a future threat to food security and crop production. As3＋ by dint of its availability, mobility and phytotoxicity, is the most harmful species of As for the rice crop. Specific transporters mediate the transport of different species of As from roots to the aboveground parts of the plant body. Accumulation of As leads to toxic reactions in plants, affecting its growth and productivity. Increase in As uptake leads to oxidative stress and production of antioxidants to counteract this stress. Cultivars tolerant to As stress are efficient in antioxidant metabolism compared to sensitive ones. Iron and selenium are found to have ameliorating effect on the oxidative stress caused by As. Microbes, even many indigenous ones, in the plant rhizosphere are also capable of utilizing As in their metabolism, both independently and in association. Some of these microbes impart tolerance to As-stress in plants grown in As contaminated sites.

关键词： arsenic rice phytotoxicity hyperaccumulator phytochelatin antioxidant mitigation

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Exogenously applied glycinebetaine induced alteration in some key physio-biochemical attributes and plant anatomical features in water stressed oat(Avena sativa L.) plants

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第2期11卷 292-305页

作者： Anum SHEHZADI Nudrat A AKRAM Ayaz ALI Muhammad ASHRAF department of botany Government College University Pakistan Science Foundation department of botany King Saud University

Although exogenous application of glycinebetaine(GB) is widely reported to regulate a myriad of physio-biochemical attributes in plants under stressful environments including drought stress, there is little information available in the literature on how and up to what extent GB can induce changes in anatomical features in water starved plants. Thus, the present research work was conducted to assess the GB-induced changes in growth, physio-biochemical, and anatomical characteristics in two cultivars(CK-1 and F-411) of oat(Avena sativa L.) under limited water supply. After exposure to water stress, a considerable reduction was observed in plant growth in terms of lengths and weights of shoot and roots,leaf mesophyll thickness, leaf midrib thickness, root cortex thickness, root diameter, stem diameter, stem phloem area, and stem vascular bundle area in both oat cultivars. However, water stress resulted in a significant increase in leaf total phenolics, hydrogen peroxide(H_2 O_2), ascorbic acid(AsA), GB contents,activities of enzymes(CAT, SOD and POD), total soluble proteins, leaf epidermis(abaxial and adaxial)thickness, bulliform cell area, sclerenchyma thickness, root endodermis and epidermis thickness, root metaxylem area, stem metaxylem area and stem sclerenchyma thickness in both oat ***-applied 100 mM GB suppressed H_2 O_2 contents, while improved growth attributes, free proline and GB contents, activity of SOD enzyme, leaf abaxial epidermis thickness, leaf bulliform cell area, leaf midrib thickness, leaf sclerenchyma thickness, root cortex thickness, root endodermis, epidermis thickness,root stele diameter, stem diameter, stem epidermis thickness, stem metaxylem area, and stem phloem and vascular bundle area in both oat cultivars. For both oat cultivars, CK-1 was superior to F-411 in leaf abaxial epidermis thickness, leaf mesophyll, leaf sclerenchyma, root metaxylem area, stem diameter, stem epidermis, sclerenchyma thickness, stem metaxylem area, and

关键词： drought tolerance anatomical features oat glycinebetaine antioxidants

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DNA barcoding of Pedicularis L.(Orobanchaceae):Evaluating four universal barcode loci in a large and hemiparasitic genus

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第5期49卷 425-437页

作者： Richard H.REE department of botany Field Museum of Natural History

One application of DNA barcoding is species identification based on sequences of a short and standardized DNA *** plants,various DNA regions,alone or in combination,have been proposed and investigated,but consensus on a universal plant barcode remains *** this study,we tested the utility of four candidate barcoding regions(rbcL,matK,trnH-psbA,and internal transcribed spacer(ITS)) as DNA barcodes for discriminating species in a large and hemiparasitic genus Pedicularis(Orobanchaceae).Amplification and sequencing was successful using single primer pairs for rbcL,trnH-psbA,and ITS,whereas two primer pairs were required for *** of sequence divergence commonly showed a "barcoding gap",that is,a bimodal frequency distribution of pairwise distances representing genetic diversity within and between species,*** primer universality,ease of amplification and sequencing,and performance in discriminating species,we found the most effective single-region barcode for Pedicularis to be ITS,and the most effective two-region barcode to be rbcL + *** discriminated at least 78% of the 88 species and correctly identified at least 89% of the sequences in our sample,and were effective in placing unidentified samples in known species *** results suggest that DNA barcoding has the potential to aid taxonomic research in Pedicularis,a species-rich cosmopolitan clade much in need of revision,as well as ecological studies in its center of diversity,the Hengduan Mountains region of China.

关键词： DNA barcode Hengduan Mountains region ITS Pedicularis rbcL species identification.

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Pollen morphology of the family Cistaceae in Egypt and its systematic significance

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第4期49卷 362-371页

作者： Nasr M.HASSAN botany department Faculty of ScienceAssiut University

The pollen morphology of 11 species (including two subspecies and two varieties) belonging to two genera (Helianthemum and Fumana) of the family Cistaceae in Egypt was studied using light and scanning electron *** grains of the studied taxa were found to be radially symmetrical and *** size,shape,apertures,and exine ornamentation characteristics were valuable parameters among the studied *** largest pollen size was recorded in *** and the smallest one observed in *** ***- *** shape in the Egyptian taxa varied from (sub-)prolate to prolate spheroidal,but *** is different in having sub-oblate *** pollen data confirm that *** and *** are very closely related *** sculpture was useful in distinguishing between *** *** and *** *** main pollen types of exine ornamentation were recognized: retipilate;reticulate to verrucate;and *** on palynological data,a key for the studied taxa is suggested.

关键词： Cistaceae exine sculpture palynology scanning electron microscopy.

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Micropropagation of yellow mangosteen:a valuable endemic tree of India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第1期27卷 161-165页

作者： Lalita Mahantagouda Patil Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy Vijayalaxmi S.Dandin Sunita P.Koli Shirugumbi Hanamanthagouda Manohar Shivanand D.Payamalle department of botany Karnatak University

We developed a method for in vitro regenera- tion of Garcinia xanthochymus （yellow mangosteen） from matured seed segments. Multiple shoots were induced on woody plant （WP） medium supplemented with cytokinins. An average of 11 shoots per explant were regenerated from mature seed segments on WP medium containing 20 μM 6-benzylaminopurine. Histological analysis revealed that hypodermal cells of seed segments were initially involved in active division, which later developed into meriste- moids, subsequently leading to the formation of shoot buds. Shoot elongation was achieved by repeated subculturing of seed explants in shoot regeneration medium. Rooting of shoots was achieved on WP medium supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid or s-naphthalene acetic acid. Plant- lets were transplanted to pots containing soil： compost （1：1） and survival rate was 90 %.

关键词： Adventitious shoots Garcinia xanthochymus.In vitro propagation Tissue culture WP medium

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Phylogenetic biogeography and taxonomy of disjunctly distributed bryophytes

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第5期47卷 497-508页

作者： Jochen HEINRICHS Jrn HENTSCHEL Kathrin FELDBERG Andrea BOMBOSCH Harald SCHNEIDER department of Systematic botany Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant SciencesGeorg-August-University botany department Natural History Museum

More than 200 research papers on the molecular phylogeny and phylogenetic biogeography of bryophytes have been published since the beginning of this *** papers corroborated assumptions of a complex genetic structure of morphologically circumscribed bryophytes,and raised reservations against many morphologically justified species concepts,especially within the ***,many molecular studies allowed for corrections and modifications of morphological classification *** studies reported that the phylogenetic structure of disjunctly distributed bryophyte species reflects their geographical ranges rather than morphological *** data led to new appraisals of distribution ranges and allowed for the reconstruction of refugia and migration *** ranges of bryophytes are often caused by dispersal rather than geographical *** distribution patterns of disjunct bryophytes are likely formed by processes such as short distance dispersal,rare long distance dispersal events,extinction,recolonization and diversification.

关键词： bryophytes cryptic speciation disjunctions divergence time estimates Diversity Arrays Technology DNA sequence variation isozymes molecular phylogeny.

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Implications of multipurpose tree leaf application on wheat productivity in dry tropics

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第4期24卷 777-782页

作者： Rajani Srivastava K.P.Singh department of botany Banaras Hindu University

Leaves of multipurpose tree species （those providing more than one function or product of human use） can serve as sources of fer- tilizer for nutrient supply, especially nitrogen （N）. In this study chopped leaves of tropical tree species （5 N-fixing species, 5 non-N-fixing species and combinations of 5 N-fixing with a non-N-fixing species） were in- corporated in soil to evaluate its effects on wheat biological productivity （including grain yield, GyIELD） under dryland conditions. High quality leaves of N-fixing tree species （e.g. Dalbergia sissoo, Cassia fistula and Prosopis cineraria） had lower carbon/nitrogen （C/N）, lignin/nitrogen （L^o/N）, polyphenol/nitrogen （PPt/N） and lignin＋polyphenol /nitrogen （L~＋PpL/N） ratios than low quality leaves of non-N-fixing species. Com- bination treatments had intermediate values of different parameters, Application of high quality leaves caused greater increases in wheat productivity and yield than other species.

关键词： multipurpose tree leaves chemical quality index grain yield,N-fixing species non-N fixing species Dryland agriculture

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