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On convergence of covariance matrix of empirical Bayes hyper-parameter estimator

Control Theory and Technology 2024年第2期22卷 149-162页

作者： Yue Ju Biqiang Mu Tianshi Chen School of Data science and Shenzhen Research institute of Big Data The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenShenzhen518172GuangdongChina Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceKTH Royal Institute of Technology10044StockholmSweden Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Institute of Systems ScienceAcademy of Mathematics and System ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China

Regularized system identification has become the research frontier of system identification in the past *** related core subject is to study the convergence properties of various hyper-parameter estimators as the sample size goes to *** this paper,we consider one commonly used hyper-parameter estimator,the empirical Bayes(EB).Its convergence in distribution has been studied,and the explicit expression of the covariance matrix of its limiting distribution has been ***,what we are truly interested in are factors contained in the covariance matrix of the EB hyper-parameter estimator,and then,the convergence of its covariance matrix to that of its limiting distribution is *** general,the convergence in distribution of a sequence of random variables does not necessarily guarantee the convergence of its covariance ***,the derivation of such convergence is a necessary complement to our theoretical analysis about factors that influence the convergence properties of the EB hyper-parameter *** this paper,we consider the regularized finite impulse response(FIR)model estimation with deterministic inputs,and show that the covariance matrix of the EB hyper-parameter estimator converges to that of its limiting ***,we run numerical simulations to demonstrate the efficacy of ourtheoretical results.

关键词： Regularized system identification Hyper-parameter estimator Empirical Bayes Convergence of covariance matrix

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Equalizer Zero-Determinant Strategy in Discounted Repeated Stackelberg Asymmetric Game

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Journal of Systems science & Complexity 2024年第1期37卷 184-203页

作者： CHENG Zhaoyang CHEN Guanpu HONG Yiguang Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mathematical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Electrical Engineering and Computer science KTH Royal Institute of Technology10044 StockholmSweden. Department of Control science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China Shanghai Research institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Tongji UniversityShanghai 210201China

This paper focuses on the performance of equalizer zero-determinant(ZD)strategies in discounted repeated Stackelberg asymmetric *** the leader-follower adversarial scenario,the strong Stackelberg equilibrium(SSE)deriving from the opponents’best response(BR),is technically the optimal strategy for the ***,computing an SSE strategy may be difficult since it needs to solve a mixed-integer program and has exponential complexity in the number of *** this end,the authors propose an equalizer ZD strategy,which can unilaterally restrict the opponent’s expected *** authors first study the existence of an equalizer ZD strategy with one-to-one situations,and analyze an upper bound of its performance with the baseline SSE *** the authors turn to multi-player models,where there exists one player adopting an equalizer ZD *** authors give bounds of the weighted sum of opponents’s utilities,and compare it with the SSE ***,the authors give simulations on unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)and the moving target defense(MTD)to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关键词： Discounted repeated Stackelberg asymmetric game equalizer zero-determinant strategy strong Stackelberg equilibrium strategy

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Distributed order estimation for continuous-time stochastic systems

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Control Theory and Technology 2024年第3期22卷 406-418页

作者： Xinghua Zhu Zhixin Liu Xiaoming Hu Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceBeijing 100190China School of Mathematical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Mathematics KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm 10044Sweden

In this paper,we investigate the distributed estimation problem of continuous-time stochastic dynamic systems over sensor networks when both the system order and parameters are *** propose a local information criterion(LIC)based on the L_(0)penalty *** minimizing LIC at the diffusion time instant and utilizing the continuous-time diffusion least squares algorithm,we obtain a distributed estimation algorithm to simultaneously estimate the unknown order and the parameters of the *** dealing with the effect of the system noises and the coupling relationship between estimation of system orders and parameters,we establish the almost sure convergence results of the proposed distributed estimation ***,we give a simulation example to verify the effectiveness of the distributed algorithm in estimating the system order and parameters.

关键词： Stochastic differential equations Sensor networks Distributed order estimation Cooperative excitation condition.Convergence

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High-rate metal-free MXene microsupercapacitors on paper substrates

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Carbon Energy 2024年第5期6卷 94-104页

作者： Han Xue Po‐Han Huang Lee‐Lun Lai Yingchun Su Axel Strömberg Gaolong Cao Yuzhu Fan Sergiy Khartsev Mats Göthelid Yan‐Ting Sun Jonas Weissenrieder Kristinn BGylfason Frank Niklaus Jiantong Li School of Electrical Engineering and Computer science KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden School of Engineering sciences KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden

MXene is a promising energy storage material for miniaturized microbatteries and microsupercapacitors(MSCs).Despite its superior electrochemical performance,only a few studies have reported MXene-based ultrahigh-rate(>1000 mV s^(−1))on-paper MSCs,mainly due to the reduced electrical conductance of MXene films deposited on ***,ultrahigh-rate metal-free on-paper MSCs based on heterogeneous MXene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)-stack electrodes are fabricated through the combination of direct ink writing and femtosecond laser *** a footprint area of only 20 mm^(2),the on-paper MSCs exhibit excellent high-rate capacitive behavior with an areal capacitance of 5.7 mF cm^(−2)and long cycle life(>95%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles)at a high scan rate of 1000 mV s^(−1),outperforming most of the present on-paper ***,the heterogeneous MXene/PEDOT:PSS electrodes can interconnect individual MSCs into metal-free on-paper MSC arrays,which can also be simultaneously charged/discharged at 1000 mV s^(−1),showing scalable capacitive *** heterogeneous MXene/PEDOT:PSS stacks are a promising electrode structure for on-paper MSCs to serve as ultrafast miniaturized energy storage components for emerging paper electronics.

关键词： direct ink writing femtosecond laser scribing MXene on-paper microsupercapacitors PEDOT:PSS ultrahigh rate capability

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Microstructure and magnetocaloric properties of melt-extracted SmGdDyCoAl high-entropy amorphous microwires

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 1234-1242页

作者： Shi-Jie Wei Hong-Xian Shen Lun-Yong Zhang Lin Luo Xin-Xing Tang Jian-Fei Sun Xiao-Qing Li School of Materials science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China Applied Materials Physics Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKTH-Royal Institute of Technology10044StockholmSweden

This paper presents a systematic investigation of the microstructure and magnetocaloric properties of melt-extracted Sm_(20)Gd_(20)Dy_(20)Co_(20)Al_(20)high-entropy *** fabricated wires exhibited an amorphous structure,and the temperature interval of the undercooled liquid AT was 45 *** microwires underwent a second-order magnetic transition from a ferromagnetic to a paramagnetic state near the Curie temperature(T_(C)=52 K),The maximum magnetic entropy change(-ΔS_M^(max)),the relative cooling power and the refrigeration capacity reached 6.34 J·kg^(-1)·K^(-1).422.09 J·kg^(-1)and 332.94 J·kg^(-1),respectively,under a magnetic field change of 5 *** addition,the temperature-averaged entropy changes with two temperature lifts(3 and 10 K)were 6.32 and 6.27 J·kg^(-1)·K^(-1),*** good magnetocalorie performance highlights the significant potential for the Sm_(20)Gd_(20)Dy_(20)Co_(20)Al_(20)microwires to be used as magnetic refrigerant materials in low-temperature region *** work will serve as a valuable reference for future investigations on low-temperature high-entropy magnetocaloric materials.

关键词： Melt-extraction High-entropy amorphous microwires Magnetocaloric effect Magnetic refrigeration

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The First Global Map of Atmospheric Ammonia(NH_(3)) as Observed by the HIRAS/FY-3D Satellite

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第3期41卷 379-390页

作者： Minqiang ZHOU Zhili DENG Charles ROBERT Xingying ZHANG Lu ZHANG Yapeng WANG Chengli QI Pucai WANG Martine De MAZIÈRE institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China royal Belgian institute for Space Aeronomy(BIRA-IASB) Brussels 1180Belgium National Satellite Meteorology Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Department of science&Technology and Climate Change China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Atmospheric ammonia(NH_(3)) is a chemically active trace gas that plays an important role in the atmospheric environment and climate change. Satellite remote sensing is a powerful technique to monitor NH_(3) concentration based on the absorption lines of NH_(3) in the thermal infrared region. In this study, we establish a retrieval algorithm to derive the NH_(3)column from the Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder(HIRAS) onboard the Chinese Feng Yun(FY)-3D satellite and present the first atmospheric NH_(3) column global map observed by the HIRAS instrument. The HIRAS observations can well capture NH_(3) hotspots around the world, e.g., India, West Africa, and East China, where large NH_(3) emissions exist. The HIRAS NH_(3) columns are also compared to the space-based Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer(IASI)measurements, and we find that the two instruments observe a consistent NH_(3) global distribution, with correlation coefficient(R) values of 0.28–0.73. Finally, some remaining issues about the HIRAS NH_(3) retrieval are discussed.

关键词： ammonia HIRAS/FY-3D satellite thermal-infrared observation remote sensing optimal estimation method

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The First Five Years of a Phase Theory for Complex Systems and Networks

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第8期11卷 1728-1743页

作者： Dan Wang Wei Chen Li Qiu IEEE the Division of Decision and Control Systems KTH Royal Institute of Technology the Department of Mechanics and Engineering science & the State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems Peking University the Hong Kong University of science and Technology the Southern University of science and Technology

In this paper, we review the development of a phase theory for systems and networks in its first five years, represented by a trilogy: Matrix phases and their properties; The MIMO LTI system phase response, its physical interpretations,the small phase theorem, and the sectored real lemma; The synchronization of a multi-agent network using phase *** the end, we also summarize a list of ongoing research on the phase theory and speculate what will happen in the next five years.

关键词： Linear systems Reviews Synchronization Complex systems

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Magnetopause properties at the dusk magnetospheric flank from global magnetohydrodynamic simulations,the kinetic Vlasov equilibrium,and in situ observations--Potential implications for SMILE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 222-233页

作者： Marius Echim Costel Munteanu Gabriel Voitcu Eliza Teodorescu institute of Space science Măgurele 077125Romania royal Belgian institute for Space Aeronomy 1180 BrusselsBelgium Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence(STCE) 1180 BrusselsBelgium

We derived the properties of the terrestrial magnetopause(MP)from two modeling approaches,one global–fluid,the other local–kinetic,and compared the results with data collected in situ by the Magnetospheric Multiscale 2(MMS2)*** used global magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)simulations of the Earth’s magnetosphere(publicly available from the NASA-CCMC[National Aeronautics and Space Administration–Community Coordinated Modeling Center])and local Vlasov equilibrium models(based on kinetic models for tangential discontinuities)to extract spatial profiles of the plasma and field variables at the Earth’s *** global MHD simulations used initial solar wind conditions extracted from the OMNI database at the time epoch when the MMS2 observes the *** kinetic Vlasov model used asymptotic boundary conditions derived from the same in situ MMS measurements upstream or downstream of the *** global MHD simulations provide a three-dimensional image of the magnetosphere at the time when the MMS2 crosses the *** Vlasov model provides a one-dimensional local view of the MP derived from first principles of kinetic *** MMS2 experimental data also serve as a reference for comparing and validating the numerical simulations and *** found that the MP transition layer formed in global MHD simulations was generally localized closer to the Earth(roughly by one Earth radius)from the position of the real MP observed by the *** also found that the global MHD simulations overestimated the thickness of the MP transition by one order of magnitude for three analyzed variables:magnetic field,density,and tangential *** MP thickness derived from the local Vlasov equilibrium was consistent with observations for all three of these *** overestimation of density in the Vlasov equilibrium was reduced compared with the global MHD *** discuss our results in the context of future SMILE(Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)campaigns for observing

关键词： magnetopause magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations Vlasov equilibrium Magnetospheric Multiscale observations

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Path signature-based XAI-enabled network time series classification

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 91-106页

作者： Le SUN Yueyuan WANG Yongjun REN Feng XIA Department of Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET) Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Computing Technologies Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology

Classifying network time series(NTS) is crucial for automating network administration and ensuring cyberspace security. It enables the detection of anomalies, the identification of network attacks,and the monitoring of performance issues, thereby providing valuable support for network protection and optimization. However, modern communication networks pose challenges for NTS classification *** include handling large-scale and complex NTS data, extracting features from intricate datasets, and addressing explainability requirements. These challenges are particularly pronounced for complex 5G networks. Notably, explainability has become crucial for the widespread deployment of network automation for 5G networks and beyond. To tackle these challenges, we propose a path-signature-based NTS classification model called recurrent signature(Recur Sig). This innovative model is designed to overcome the time-consuming feature selection problem by utilizing deep-learning(DL) techniques. Additionally, it provides a solution for addressing the black-box issue associated with DL models in network automation systems(NAS) by incorporating an explainable classification approach. Extensive experimentation on various public datasets demonstrates that Recur Sig outperforms existing models in accuracy and explainability. The results indicate its potential for application in cyberspace security and automated network management, offering an explainable solution for network protection and optimization.

关键词： network time series classification explainable artificial intelligence path signature automated network management recurrent neural network

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Genetic analyses of ancient tea trees provide insights into the breeding history and dissemination of Chinese Assam tea(Camellia sinensis ***)

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Plant Diversity 2024年第2期46卷 229-237页

作者： Miao-Miao Li Muditha K.Meegahakumbura Moses C.Wambulwa Kevin S.Burgess Michael Möller Zong-Fang Shen De-Zhu Li Lian-Ming Gao CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming650201China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming650201China Kunming College of Life science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201YunnanChina Department of Export Agriculture Faculty of Animal Science and Export AgricultureUva Wellassa UniversityBadulla90000Sri Lanka Department of Life sciences School of Science and ComputingSouth Eastern Kenya University170-90200KituiKenya Department of Biology Columbus State UniversityUniversity System of GeorgiaColumbusGA31907-5645USA royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 20A Inverleith RowEdinburghEH35LRScotlandUK Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesLijiang674100YunnanChina

Chinese Assam tea(Camellia sinensis ***)is an important tea crop with a long history of cultivation in Yunnan,*** its potential value as a genetic resource,its genetic diversity and domestication/breeding history remain *** address this issue,we genotyped 469 ancient tea plant trees representing 26 *** *** populations,plus two of its wild relatives(six and three populations of *** and ***,respectively)using 16 nuclear microsatellite *** showed that Chinese Assam tea has a relatively high,but comparatively lower gene diversity(H_(S)=0.638)than the wild relative ***(H_S=0.658).Clustering in STRUCTURE indicated that Chinese Assam tea and its two wild relatives formed distinct genetic groups,with considerable interspecific *** Chinese Assam tea accessions clustered into three gene pools,corresponding well with their geographic ***,New Hybrids analysis indicated that 68.48%of ancient Chinese Assam tea plants from Xishuangbanna were genetic intermediates between the Puer and Lincang gene *** addition,10%of the ancient Chinese Assam tea individuals were found to be hybrids between Chinese Assam tea and *** results suggest that Chinese Assam tea was domesticated separately in three gene pools(Puer,Lincang and Xishuangbanna)in the Mekong River valley and that the hybrids were subsequently selected during the domestication *** the domestication history of Chinese Assam tea in southwestern Yunnan remains complex,our results will help to identify valuable genetic resources that may be useful in future tea breeding programs.

关键词： Tea plant Hybrid origin Genetic diversity Domestication history Camellia sinensis var.assamica Camellia taliensis

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