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DEM investigation of strength and critical state behaviours of granular materials under true triaxial loadings

Particuology 2024年第2期85卷 198-212页

作者： Minyi Zhu Guobin Gong Jun Xia Stephen Wilkinson Department of Civil Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversityChina Department of Civil Engineering and Industrial Design University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences University of Wollongong in DubaiUnited Arab Emirates

This paper investigates the strength and critical state(CS)behaviours of granular materials via DEM simulations of true triaxial drained tests under three different loading modes including constant b(in-termediate stress ratio)tests with constantσ'1(major principal stress),constant p(mean pressure)and constantσ'3(minor principal stress)*** this end,a series of samples are generated with the same particle size distribution,and with the confining stresses ranging from 100 kPa to 900 *** CS is achieved for all *** the macroscopic behaviours and the microscopic behaviours are examined and compared considering different loading modes,confining stresses and intermediate stress ratios(b).The critical state lines(CSLs)are found to be unique and independent of the loading modes,but dependent on the b *** CSLs with b=0 and b=1 form the two boundaries of CSLs respectively beyond which CSLs under all other b tests cannot go *** different strength criteria are examined and compared in terms of both peak and CS *** Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion is found to be only suitable for axisymmetric loading *** Lade-Duncan criterion is only suitable for describing peak strengths,which is dependent on the loading modes and confining *** Satake criterion and Matsuoka-Nakai criterion are the more appropriate strength criteria for describing CS failures,indicating that the CS values of both the Satake parameter and the Matsuoka-Nakai parameter describe an inherent property that characterizes the CS failure for a given type of *** CS mechanical coordination number is fitted by a curved line for a given b value,which is unique regardless of the loading *** peak and CS values of both major and minor principal fabric tensors decrease with increasing b values,while they increase with increasing b values for the intermediate principal fabric tensor.

关键词： Discrete element method Intermediate stress ratio Dilation Critical state Failure criterion

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Car-following strategy of intelligent connected vehicle using extended disturbance observer adjusted by reinforcement learning

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第2期9卷 365-373页

作者： Ruidong Yan Penghui Li Hongbo Gao Jin Huang Chengbo Wang School of Traffic and Transportation The Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijingChina Department of Automation School of Information Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina School of Vehicle and Mobility The Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina liverpool Logistics Offshore and Marine Research Institute(LOOM)Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK

Disturbance observer-based control method has achieved good results in the carfollowing scenario of intelligent and connected vehicle(ICV).However,the gain of conventional extended disturbance observer(EDO)-based control method is usually set manually rather than adjusted adaptively according to real time traffic conditions,thus declining the car-following *** solve this problem,a car-following strategy of ICV using EDO adjusted by reinforcement learning is *** from the conventional method,the gain of proposed strategy can be adjusted by reinforcement learning to improve its estimation *** the“equivalent disturbance”can be compensated by EDO to a great extent,the disturbance rejection ability of the carfollowing method will be improved *** Lyapunov approach and numerical simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： adaptive system autonomous vehicle intelligent control

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Improved survival at the cost of more chronic lung disease?Current management and outcomes in extremely preterm infants born in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory:2010-2020

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期20卷 230-238页

作者： Nele Legge Himanshu Popat Dominic Fitzgerald liverpool Hospital Corner Elizabeth and Goulburn StreetsLiverpoolNSWAustralia university of Sydney CamperdownAustralia Children's Hospital Westmead WestmeadAustralia

Background Since 2010,most tertiary care hospitals in Australia have changed how they care for extremely premature ***,in-hospital and longer-term outcome data have suggested unchanged or even worse health outcomes in later epochs,especially respiratory *** study examined the trend in outcomes since these changes were introduced,particularly the prevalence of chronic neonatal lung disease(CLD).Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of data from the Neonatal Intensive Care Units'(NICUS)database of all perinatal intensive care units in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory,including infants born at≥24 and≤28 weeks of gestational age in tertiary perinatal units between January 1,2010,and December 31,*** trends and changes in primary outcome were examined by linear and adjusted multivariable logistic regression *** This study included 3258 *** saw significant changes in antenatal magnesium sulfate(75% increase),delayed cord clamping(66% increase),delivery room intubations(30% decrease),any time(20% decrease),duration on mechanical ventilation(100-hour decrease),and hours on noninvasive ventilation(200-hour increase).Mortality decreased from 17% to 6%.The incidence of CLD increased significantly even when adjusted for confounders(15% increase).Any time and mean hours spent on mechanical ventilation significantly increased the odds of *** study could not find a significant association of any of the protective antenatal treatments on *** The last decade saw a significant improvement in survival and survival to discharge without major *** was increased use of magnesium sulfate,delayed cord clamping,and less invasive respiratory management of extremely preterm *** avoidance of mechanical ventilation may impact the incidence of CLD.

关键词： Chronic lung disease Extreme prematurity Health outcomes Survival

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Deterministic epidemic models overestimate the basic reproduction number of observed outbreaks

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第3期9卷 680-688页

作者： Wajid Ali Christopher E.Overton Robert R.Wilkinson Kieran J.Sharkey Department of Mathematical Sciences University of LiverpoolPeach StreetLiverpoolL697ZXEnglandUnited Kingdom Department of Applied Mathematics Liverpool John Moores UniversityByrom StreetLiverpoolL35UXEnglandUnited Kingdom

The basic reproduction number,R_(0),is a well-known quantifier of epidemic ***,a class of existing methods for estimating R_(0)from incidence data early in the epidemic can lead to an over-estimation of this *** particular,when fitting deterministic models to estimate the rate of spread,we do not account for the stochastic nature of epidemics and that,given the same system,some outbreaks may lead to epidemics and some may ***,an observed epidemic that we wish to control is a major *** amounts to implicit selection for major outbreaks which leads to the over-estimation *** formally characterised the split between major and minor outbreaks by using Otsu's method which provides us with a working *** show that by conditioning a‘deterministic’model on major outbreaks,we can more reliably estimate the basic reproduction number from an observed epidemic trajectory.

关键词： Estimating R_(0) Simple birth-death process Major outbreak Conditioned epidemic Stochastic fade-out

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High-Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Sol-Gel-Processed Sliver-Doped NiOx Hole Transporting Layer

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第4期7卷 205-214页

作者： Haibin Wang Zhiyin Qin Xinjian Li Chun Zhao Chao Liang School of Advanced Technology Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics University of Liverpool School of Humanities and Social Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter School of Physics National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University

Nickel oxide （NiOx） has been established as a highly efficient and stable holetransporting layer （HTL） in perovskite solar cells （PSCs）.However,existing deposition methods for NiOxhave been restricted by high-vacuum processes and fail to address the energy level mismatch at the NiOx/perovskite interface,which has impeded the development of PSCs.

关键词： Ag-NiOX/NiOX hole transporting layer inverted perovskite solar cells

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Interactive 360°media for the dissemination of endangered world heritage sites:the ancient city of Palmyra in Syria

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Built Heritage 2024年第2期8卷 103-118页

作者： Rida Dieb Ataa Alsalloum Nicholas Webb Faculty of Architecture Damascus UniversityDamascusSyria School of Architecture University of LiverpoolAbercromby SquareLiverpoolMerseysideL697ZNUK

Since the onset of conflict in Syria in 2011,several heritage sites have suffered partial or complete *** ancient city of Palmyra,a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1980,was placed on the List of World Heritage in Danger in 2013,alongside five other Syrian heritage *** 2015 and 2017,Palmyra experienced the loss of nearly 40%of its historic buildings and *** site’s remote location and ongoing armed conflict pose additional challenges in accessing and preserving *** paper introduces an interactive online platform employing 360°media to document and disseminate information about the world heritage site of *** platform contributes to the safeguarding process of Palmyra,facilitating public engagement and interaction with the *** also has potential applications for other sites in Syria and *** platform allows users to explore both archival and current information of damaged historical monuments and buildings,revealing their layered histories before and after *** interactive 360°media,similar to applications like Google Street View,the platform offers a reality-based digital *** can virtually move into different buildings or follow specific pathways within the site,accessing archival information and documentation about particular monuments and buildings along their *** project serves as a unique informational resource for decision-makers and policy planners,aiding in the understanding of the site and the development of relevant strategies and *** also proves beneficial as an educational *** collective understanding fostered by this platform is expected to positively influence post-conflict restoration and reconstruction plans,making it an invaluable asset for research and educational purposes.

关键词： Palmyra Web platform 360°media tour Cultural heritage Archaeological preservation Heritage in conflict zones

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Learning to bag with a simulation‐free reinforcement learning framework for robots

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IET Cyber-Systems and Robotics 2024年第2期6卷 52-66页

作者： Francisco Munguia-Galeano Jihong Zhu Juan David Hernández Ze Ji Cooper Group University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK School of Physics Engineering and Technology University of YorkYorkUK School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK School of Engineering Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK

Bagging is an essential skill that humans perform in their daily ***,deformable objects,such as bags,are complex for robots to manipulate.A learning-based framework that enables robots to learn bagging is *** novelty of this framework is its ability to learn and perform bagging without relying on *** learning process is accomplished through a reinforcement learning(RL)algorithm introduced and designed to find the best grasping points of the bag based on a set of compact state *** framework utilises a set of primitive actions and represents the task in five *** our experiments,the framework reached 60% and 80% success rates after around 3 h of training in the real world when starting the bagging task from folded and unfolded states,***,the authors test the trained RL model with eight more bags of different sizes to evaluate its generalisability.

关键词： reinforcement learning robot learning robotics

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Credit risk prediction for small and medium enterprises utilizing adjacent enterprise data and a relational graph attention network

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Journal of Management Science and Engineering 2024年第2期9卷 177-192页

作者： Jiaxing Wang Guoquan Liu Xiaobo Xu Xinjie Xing International Business School Suzhou Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou215028China Financial Technology Research Institute Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China Management School University of LiverpoolChatham StreetLiverpoolL697ZHUK

Credit risk prediction for small and medium enterprises(SMEs)has long posed a complex research *** approaches have primarily focused on enterprise-specific variables,but these models often prove inadequate when applied to SMEs with incomplete *** this innovative study,we push the theoretical boundaries by leveraging data from adjacent enterprises to address the issue of data *** strategy involves constructing an intricate network that interconnects enterprises based on shared managerial teams and business *** this network,we propose a novel relational graph attention network(RGAT)algorithm capable of capturing the inherent complexity in its topological *** doing so,our model enhances financial service providers'ability to predict credit risk even in the face of incomplete data from target *** experiments conducted using China's SMEs highlight the predictive proficiency and potential economic benefits of our proposed *** approach offers a comprehensive and nuanced perspective on credit risk while demonstrating the advantages of incorporating network-wide data in credit risk prediction.

关键词： Risk management SMEC redit risk Transactional data Graph neural network

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Machine learning-driven optimization of plasma-catalytic dry reforming of methane

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第9期96卷 153-163页

作者： Yuxiang Cai Danhua Mei Yanzhen Chen Annemie Bogaerts Xin Tu Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics University of LiverpoolLiverpool L693GJUK Research Group PLASMANT Department of ChemistryUniversity of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 1BE-2610 Wilrijk-AntwerpBelgium College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816JiangsuChina

This study investigates the dry reformation of methane(DRM)over Ni/Al_(2)O_(3)catalysts in a dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)non-thermal plasma reactor.A novel hybrid machine learning(ML)model is developed to optimize the plasma-catalytic DRM reaction with limited experimental *** address the non-linear and complex nature of the plasma-catalytic DRM process,the hybrid ML model integrates three well-established algorithms:regression trees,support vector regression,and artificial neural networks.A genetic algorithm(GA)is then used to optimize the hyperparameters of each algorithm within the hybrid ML *** ML model achieved excellent agreement with the experimental data,demonstrating its efficacy in accurately predicting and optimizing the DRM *** model was subsequently used to investigate the impact of various operating parameters on the plasma-catalytic DRM *** found that the optimal discharge power(20 W),CO_(2)/CH_(4)molar ratio(1.5),and Ni loading(7.8 wt%)resulted in the maximum energy yield at a total flow rate of∼51 mL/***,we investigated the relative significance of each operating parameter on the performance of the plasma-catalytic DRM *** results show that the total flow rate had the greatest influence on the conversion,with a significance exceeding 35%for each output,while the Ni loading had the least impact on the overall reaction *** hybrid model demonstrates a remarkable ability to extract valuable insights from limited datasets,enabling the development and optimization of more efficient and selective plasma-catalytic chemical processes.

关键词： Plasma catalysis Machine learning Process optimization Dry reforming of methane Syngas production

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An Improved Modulation Strategy for Single-phase Three-level Neutral-point-clamped Converter in Critical Conduction Mode

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 981-990页

作者： Ning Li Yujie Cao Xiaokang Liu Yan Zhang Ruotong Wang Lin Jiang Xiao-Ping Zhang School of Electrical Engineering Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’anChina the Department of Electronics Information and BioengineeringPolitecnico di MilanoMilanItaly Xi’an Jiaotong university Xi’anChina the Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics University of LiverpoolLiverpoolU.K. the Department of Electronic Electrical and Systems EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamU.K.

Two-level totem-pole power factor correction(PFC)converters in critical conduction mode(CRM)suffer from the wide regulation range of switching ***,in highfrequency applications,the number of switching times increases,resulting in significant switching *** solve these issues,this paper proposes an improved modulation strategy for the single-phase three-level neutral-point-clamped(NPC)converter in CRM with *** optimizing the discharging strategy and switching state sequence,the switching frequency and its variation range have been efficiently *** detailed performance analysis is also presented regarding the switching frequency,the average switching times,and the effect of voltage gain.A 2 k W prototype is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed modulation strategy and analysis *** with the totem-pole PFC converter,the switching frequency regulation range of the three-level PFC converter is reduced by 36.48%and the average switching times is reduced by 45.10%.The experimental result also shows a 1.2%higher efficiency for the three-level PFC converter in the full load range.

关键词： Critical conduction mode(CRM) on-board charger switching frequency range switching times power factor correction(PFC) three-level converter

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