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Nonlinear saturation of reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode via high-frequency quasi-mode generation

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plasma science and Technology 2025年第1期27卷 17-22页

作者： Zhiwen CHENG Guangyu WEI Lei YE Zhiyong QIU Institute for fusion Theory and Simulation School of PhysicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China CAS Key Laboratory of Frontier Physics in Controlled Nuclear fusion and Institutes of plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China center for Nonlinear plasma science ENEA C.R.FrascatiFrascati 00044Italy

A nonlinear saturation mechanism for reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode(RSAE)is proposed and analyzed,and is shown to be of relevance to typical reactor parameter *** saturation is achieved through the generation of high-frequency quasi-mode due to nonlinear coupling of two RSAEs,which is then damped due to coupling with the shear Alfvén continuum,and leads to the nonlinear saturation of the primary *** estimation of the nonlinear damping rate is also provided.

关键词： reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode nonlinear mode coupling continuum damping gyrokinetic theory

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Predictions of gyrokinetic turbulent transport in proton-boron plasmas on EHL-2 spherical torus

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plasma science and Technology 2025年第02期 92-101页

作者：谭沐芝许健强杜华荣董家齐谢华生王雪韵黄贤礼王嵎民顾翔刘兵石跃江梁云峰 the EHL-2 Team Hebei Key Laboratory of Compact fusion ENN science and Technology Development Co. Ltd. Southwestern Institute of Physics Southwest Jiaotong University Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Fusion Energy and Nuclear Waste Management-Plasma Physics Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC)

The EHL-2 spherical torus at ENN is the next-generation experimental platform under conceptual design,aiming at realizing proton-boron(p-11B) thermonuclear fusion,which is an attractive pathway towards neutron-free *** achieve high-performance steady-state plasma,it is extremely necessary to study the turbulence transport characteristics with high boron content in the plasma *** study investigates the transport properties in the core internal transport barrier（ITB） region of p-11B plasma utilizing the gyrokinetic code GENE in view of the high ion temperature scenario of EHL-2,specifically focusing on the impact of boron fractions and plasma β on the microinstabilities and corresponding transport *** findings indicate that the inclusion of boron species effectively suppresses the trapped electron modes（TEMs） as well as promoting a transition from electromagnetic to electrostatic turbulence with increased boron fraction,which is a result of the suppression of microinstabilities by effective charge and ***,it has been identified that the external E×B rotational shear has a notable inhibitory influence on transport,which can reduce the transport level by two to three orders of magnitude,especially at medium boron *** suppressive effect of E×B on turbulence is weakened once the kinetic ballooning mode（KBM） is excited and the transport shows a rapid increase with β together with a reduction in zonal flow amplitude,which is consistent with previous ***,it is strongly suggested that exploring advanced strategies for mitigating turbulent transport at high β regimes is necessary for the active control of plasma behavior regarding p-11B plasma-based fusion devices such as EHL-2.

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Disruption prediction and mitigation strategies in the EHL-2 spherical torus

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plasma science and Technology 2025年第02期 148-157页

作者：蔡剑青梁云峰陈忠勇郑玮胡地薛雷林志芳顾翔 the EHL-2 Team Hebei Key Laboratory of Compact fusion Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Fusion Energy and Nuclear Waste Management-Plasmaphysik International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement fusion and plasma Physics School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Physics Beihang University Southwestern Institute of Physics School of Electrical Engineering & Automation Jiangsu Normal University ENN science and Technology Development Co. Ltd.

EHL-2 is a compact,high-field spherical tokamak designed to explore the potential of an advanced p-11B nuclear fusion *** to its high plasma current and thermal energy,it is crucial to mitigate the impact associated with disruptions to ensure the safe operation of *** paper evaluates the performance requirements of the disruption prediction system on EHL-2,with a particular focus on applying generalizable knowledge transfer from existing devices to future ***,the key characteristics of disruption mitigation strategies are analyzed,and their overall mitigation performance on EHL-2 is *** insight provides valuable guidance for optimizing the engineering design of EHL-2 and identifying its optimal operational regime.

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Transport analysis of the EHL-2 spherical torus in a high-ion-temperature scenario

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plasma science and Technology 2025年第02期 80-91页

作者：王雪韵刘文军杨丹可杨光谭沐芝姜欣辰谢华生石跃江赵寒月王嵎民梁云峰董家齐吴斌刘成岳 the EHL-2 Team Hebei Key Laboratory of Compact fusion ENN science and Technology Development Co. Ltd. Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Fusion Energy and Nuclear Waste Management-Plasmaphysik Southwestern Institute of Physics Institute of plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics Hefei University of Technology

EHL-2 is an ENN second-generation device aimed at studying proton-boron(p-11B) fusion reactions in a spherical *** design parameters are Ti0～30 keV,Ti/Te>2,ne0～1×1020m-3,Ip～3 MA,B_t～3 T,and τE～0.5 *** ion temperature is one of the standard operation scenarios of EHL-2,aiming to reduce bremsstrahlung radiation while enhancing plasma parameters by elevating the ion to electron temperature *** order to achieve high ion temperature,neutral beam injection is considered the primary heating method during the flat-top *** neutral beam system for EHL-2 comprises 3-5 beams with energy/power ranging from 60 keV/4 MW,80-100 keV/10 MW,to 200 keV/3 *** work conducts predictive analysis on core transport during the flat-top phase of EHL-2's high-ion-temperature scenario utilizing *** study delineates the potential operating range of core temperature and other parameters given the designed heating ***,the study presents predictive simulations based on CDBM,GLF23,Bohm-gyro-Bohm,and IFSPPPL transport models,evaluating the steady-state power balance,energy confinement time,and impact of various parameters such as plasma density and NBI power on core ion *** simulations demonstrate that the design parameters of the EHL-2 high-Tiscenario,although sensitive to varying transport models,are hopefully attainable as long as adequate ion heating and controlled ion transport levels are ensured.

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Predictions of H-mode access and edge pedestal instability in the EHL-2 spherical torus

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plasma science and Technology 2025年第02期 59-68页

作者：王嵎民李凯黄卓刘一良戴舒宇张洁黄艳清顾翔赵毅航徐帅王二辉郭栋石跃江谢华生梁云峰刘敏胜 the EHL-2 Team Hebei Key Laboratory of Compact fusion ENN science and Technology Development Co. Ltd. Centre for Theoretical and Computational Physics College of Physics Qingdao University College of Computer science South-Central Minzu University Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education)School of Physics Dalian University of Technology Department of plasma Physics and fusion Engineering University of Science and Technology of China College of Physics and Electronic Engineering Hengyang Normal University Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Fusion Energy and Nuclear Waste Management-Plasmaphysik

The EHL-2 spherical torus is designed to demonstrate proton-boron(p-11B) fusion within a compact spherical *** planned heating system includes a negative ion-based neutral beam injection（N-NBI）,two positive ion-based NBI systems（P-NBI）,electron cyclotron resonance heating（ECRH）,ion cyclotron resonance heating（ICRH）,and high harmonic fast wave（HHFW）,with a total power output of 31 *** to scaling law estimates,the device is capable of achieving H-mode *** plasma density,ne,min,at the minimum LH power threshold,PLH,is estimated to be 4.4× *** pedestal parameters were calculated using the REPED *** B as the primary impurity ion,the predicted pedestal width and height are lower compared to the typical case with carbon *** pedestal collisionality for EHL-2 is estimated to range between 0.06 and 0.17,indicating the potential for significant energy loss due to edge localized modes（ELMs）.The heat flux on the divertor plate has been calculated using the JOREK *** peak heat fluxes during ELM bursts are approximately 31.0 MW/m2at the lower inboard target and 39.5 MW/m2at the lower outboard target.A preliminary design of the resonant magnetic perturbation（RMP） coils has been completed to both control type-Ⅰ ELMs and correct error *** system comprises 16coils arranged into 2×4 *** ELM control mode,a 14/2 component is generated at 1.7 G/kAt,with a current of 4.9 kA required to achieve σChirikov=1 at the resonant surface,where the normalized poloidal magnetic flux is *** error field（EF） modulation mode,2/1 and 3/1components are generated at 3.5 G/kAt and 2.8 G/kAt,respectively.

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Quantum metrology with optimal control under an arbitrary non-Markovian bosonic environment

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2025年第2期77卷 112-120页

作者： Likun Zhou Wen Yang Beijing Computational science Research center

Finding the optimal control is of importance to quantum metrology under a noisy *** this paper, we tackle the problem of finding the optimal control to enhance the performance of quantum metrology under an arbitrary non-Markovian bosonic environment. By introducing an equivalent pseudomode model, the non-Markovian dynamic evolution is reduced to a Lindblad master equation, which helps us to calculate the gradient of quantum Fisher information and perform the gradient ascent algorithm to find the optimal control. Our approach is accurate and circumvents the need for the Born–Markovian approximation. As an example, we consider the frequency estimation of a spin with pure dephasing under two types of non-Markovian environments. By maximizing the quantum Fisher information at a fixed evolution time, we obtain the optimal multi-axis control, which results in a notable enhancement in quantum metrology. The advantage of our method lies in its applicability to the arbitrary non-Markovian bosonic environment.

关键词： quantum metrology non-Markovian environment optimal control

Instabilities of ideal magnetohydrodynamics mode and neoclassical tearing mode stabilization by electron cyclotron current drive for EHL-2 spherical torus

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plasma science and Technology 2025年第02期 69-79页

作者：董力立李莉刘文军刘桐梁云峰董家齐谢华生石跃江 the EHL-2 Team Hebei Key Laboratory of Compact fusion ENN science and Technology Development Co. Ltd. College of science Donghua University Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education)School of Physics Dalian University of Technology Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Fusion Energy and Nuclear Waste Management-Plasma Physics Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC) Southwestern Institute of Physics

The next generation fusion device listed on ENN's fusion roadmap,named as(ENN He-Long)EHL-2,is under both physics and engineering *** instabilities of ideal magnetohydrodynamics(MHD) mode and neoclassical tearing mode(NTM) stabilized by electron cyclotron current drive(ECCD) for EHL-2's two typical operation scenarios are *** high-ion-temperature operating(HITO) scenario,the vertical displacement event(VDE)could be a big challenge to the device *** the steady-state operating(SSO) scenario,the limitation may rise from the ideal MHD mode,NTM,*** suggests that the MHD analysis of both operation scenarios should be done with different *** analysis based on the current physics and engineering design of both two scenarios is given in this *** on the analysis result of above,the future assessments might target at active control method and the effect of boron on MHD activities.

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Characterization of fast ion loss in the EHL-2 spherical torus

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plasma science and Technology 2025年第02期 29-38页

作者：孙恬恬姜欣辰李直顾翔王雪韵董力立杨丹可李鹏敏王汉清刘硕李颖颖谢华生石跃江梁云峰刘敏胜 the EHL-2 Team Hebei Key Laboratory of Compact fusion ENN science and Technology Development Co. Ltd. Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Fusion Energy and Nuclear Waste Management-Plasmaphysik

This study analyzes fast ion losses in the EHL-2 fusion device,focusing on both beam ions and alpha particles as p-11B fusion reaction *** the Monte Carlo orbit-following code TGCO,we evaluate particle confinement under various operational scenarios,including coinjected tangential neutral beam injection at beam energies of 60 keV,80 keV,and 200 *** simulations estimate the heat load driven by lost beam ions and find it to be within acceptable material limits for a plasma current on the order of ***,we simulate the distribution of fusion products and observe a higher particle loss fraction for alpha particles compared to beam ***,due to the relatively low fusion power,these lost alpha particles are unlikely to significantly impact the plasma-facing *** assess the impact of the magnetic ripple,we compute the ripple field distribution by modelling the toroidal field（TF） coils as current *** results indicate that the ripple field effect on particle confinement is minimal,primarily due to the large distance of over 1 m between the TF coils and the plasma on the low-field *** analysis based on the test particle model is a foundational step in ensuring the basic safety aspects of the new device,which is essential for developing a robust design,optimizing performance,and maintaining safe operation.

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Electronic interactions between neighboring functionalized guest Sb single atoms and Pt clusters enhance CO tolerance

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 733-743页

作者： Wenkang Miao Ronghui Hao Lu Gan Wanyin Xu Zihan Wang Wenxin Lin Heguang Liu Yinchun Lyu Qianqian Li Jinyang Xi Anmin Nie Jinsong Wu Hongtao Wang Materials Genome Institute Shanghai University School of Materials science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci-Tech University School of Materials science and Engineering Xi'an University of Technology center for High Pressure science State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan University Nanostructure Research center Wuhan University of Technology center for X-mechanics Zhejiang University

Platinum-based（Pt） catalysts are notoriously susceptible to deactivation in industrial chemical processes due to carbon monoxide（CO） *** this poisoning deactivation of Pt-based catalysts while enhancing their catalytic activity,selectivity,and durability remains a major ***,we propose a strategy to enhance the CO tolerance of Pt clusters（Pt_n） by introducing neighboring functionalized guest single atoms（such as Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Sb,and Bi）.Among them,antimony（Sb） single atoms（SAs） exhibit significant performance enhancement,achieving 99% CO selectivity and 33.6% CO2conversion at 450℃,Experimental results and density functional theory（DFT） calculations indicate the optimization arises from the electronic interaction between neighboring functionalized Sb SAs and Pt clusters,leading to optimal 5d electron redistribution in Pt clusters compared to other functionalized guest single *** redistribution of 5d electrons weaken both the σ donation and π backdonation interactions,resulting in a weakened bond strength with CO and enhancing catalyst activity and *** situ environmental transmission electron microscopy（ETEM） further demonstrates the exception thermal stability of the catalyst,even under H2at 700℃.Notably,the functionalized Sb SAs also improve CO tolerance in various heterogenous catalysts,including Co/CeO2,Ni/CeO2,Pt/Al2O3,and Pt/*** finding provides an effective approach to overcome the primary challenge of CO poisoning in Pt-based catalysts,making their broader applications in various industrial catalysts.

关键词： CO tolerance Electronic effect Functionalized guest single atoms In-situ TEM Pt cluster