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Biochar 2020年第4期2卷 489-502页

作者： Patrick S.Michael Department of Agriculture Papua New Guinea University of TechnologyPMBLae 411MPPapua New Guinea

Biochar amendment improves the physical,chemical and biological characteristics of different soil types under different climatic and environmental *** this study,effects of biochar or live pasture plants existing alone or co-existing on selected soil properties of sandy loam soil under humid lowland tropical climatic conditions were *** changes measured in the amended soil,with or without plants,were compared to the unamended and unplanted *** amendment with or without pasture improved moisture retention,lowered bulk density,increased pH and kept the electrical conductivity within ranges conducive for pasture ***,contents of all the nutrients increased following biochar amendment,however pasture establishment without amendment resulted in depletion of available potassium and *** all treatment conditions,soil organic carbon and soil organic matter were significantly *** grass is invasive under all land use systems and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions through *** biomass from the grass instead of burning would mitigate CO2 emissions from the tropics.

关键词： Biochar Effect Pasture Sandy loam soil PNG

Reconnaissance investigation of geothermal resources in parts of the Middle Benue Trough, Nigeria using remote sensing and geophysical methods

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Energy Geoscience 2022年第4期3卷 360-371页

作者： Tochukwu Ngene Manoj Mukhopadhyay Suame Ampana Department of Applied Physics Papua New Guinea University of TechnologyLaePrivate Mail BagLae411MorobePapua New Guinea

In Nigeria,the basement complex and the sedimentary basins house many thermal springs which are physical manifestations of geothermal ***,there are difficulties in accessing the sustain-ability of these resources due to ethical and security issues as well as limited data in ***,identifying the precise location,temperature,and energy potential on a large scale has been a major *** paper is the preliminary investigation of geothermal potential in parts of the Middle Benue Trough using satellite imagery,geology,regional gravity,and high-resolution aeromagnetic *** 8 scene was used to estimate the Land Surface Temperature(LST)in ArcGIS^(TM).Selected sites were classified as very low,low,moderate,and high *** intermediate and high classes happen to be possible geothermal zones,and they occupy 49% of the study area(38,077 km^(2)).The Riverline was superimposed on the LST,and the high-temperature sites were located by the identification ***/river data overlapped on the selected sites were regarded as thermal/warm ***,the LST results show lower temperatures(<36℃)at the famous thermal springs(Awe and Wukari)than some unknown rivers/streams found in Kwande(38℃),Ussa,(38℃),Gwer East(37℃),Yola Cross and Ogoja(36℃).Furthermore,the geophysical datasets,regional gravity,and high-resolution aeromagnetic data were interpolated to delineate the subsurface features associated with geothermal *** four layers from the LST were further evaluated using the geophysical *** and mag-netic values revealed variations that could be linked to geothermal *** correlation of the geophysical anomalies and LST with the geology of the study area uncovers essential information on energy ***,further investigation is required to estimate the depth of the causative body,the geothermal gradients,and the reservoir volumes.

关键词： ArcMap Gravity and magnetic methods Geothermal resources Landsat 8 Land surface temperature

Biofumigation effects of brassicaceous cover crops on soil health in cucurbit agroecosystems in Hawaii, USA

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Pedosphere 2022年第4期32卷 521-531页

作者： Philip WAISEN Zhiqiang CHENG Brent S.SIPES Koon-Hui WANG Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences University of Hawaii at ManoaHI 96822USA Department of Agriculture Papua New Guinea University of TechnologyLae 411Papua New Guinea university of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Division Cooperative ExtensionIndio CA 92201USA

Brassicaceous cover crops, such as brown mustard (Brassica juncea) and oil radish (Raphanus sativus), are commonly used for biofumigation, a process that utilizes isothiocyanates (ITCs) generated from the hydrolysis of glucosinolates in Brassica plants to suppress soil-borne pathogens, including plant-parasitic nematodes. Given the biocidal nature of ITCs, limited information is available on the non-target effects of biofumigation on free-living nematodes, which are reliable soil health indicators. The objectives of this study were to determine if biofumigation methods effective against plant-parasitic nematodes would have non-target effects on free-living nematodes, and to examine the relationships between biofumigation indicators and nematode communities. Three field trials were conducted to examine whether different biofumigation methods would affect free-living nematodes. Tissue maceration of biofumigant crops, soil tillage, and black plastic mulching were adopted singly or in combination to generate different regimes of biofumigation efficacy. Termination of biofumigant crops by tissue maceration and soil tillage followed by black plastic mulching for one week was most effective in suppressing plant-parasitic nematodes and enhancing bacterial decomposition. However, these effects did not last through the subsequent zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) crop cycle. When comparing changes in soil glucose and sulfate concentrations as indicators of biofumigation efficacy, we found that soil sulfate was a better indicator of biofumigation efficacy than soil glucose, owing to the more stable state of sulfate in soil. Canonical correspondence analysis between soil sulfate as a biofumigation indicator and nematode soil health indicators revealed strong positive correlations of sulfate level with the abundances of bacterivorous and carnivorous nematodes, enrichment index, brown mustard biomass, and soil temperature. However, biofumigation did not affect the nematode community stru

关键词： brown mustard free-living nematode glucose oil radish plant-parasitic nematode soil-borne pathogens sulfate

Waste Cooking Oil as a Fuel Source for Diesel Engines

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Management Studies 2019年第4期7卷 354-360页

作者： John Pumwa the papua new guinea university of technology LaePapua New Guinea

Almost all cities and towns in papua new guinea are producing tonnes of waste vegetable oils annually,mainly from industrial deep fryers in potato processing plants,snack food factories,fast food restaurants,and institutional dinning *** waste vegetable oils are directed to waterways,rivers,and finally into the ocean which destroys the ocean shores and damages the *** increasing population,not only the demand for cooking oil will increase but also the environmental problems caused by the waste cooking *** brands of cooking oil that is used in papua new guinea are from locally produced palm *** oil consists mainly of triglycerides made up of a range of fatty acids and contains other minor constituents,such as free fatty acids and non-glyceride *** composition determines the oil’s chemical and physical *** is an attempt to improve the waste vegetable oil’s chemical and physical characteristics that will allow the oil to be used as an energy source and at the same time reduce the associated environmental *** has been observed that the waste cooking oil can be converted into a useful energy source using the transesterification *** converted fuel has been tested and found its performance to be equivalent to petroleum diesel.

关键词： vegetable oil biofuel biodiesel renewable energy triglycerides transesterification

A Resource Management Algorithm for Virtual Machine Migration in Vehicular Cloud Computing

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 2647-2663页

作者： Sohan Kumar Pande Sanjaya Kumar Panda Satyabrata Das Kshira Sagar Sahoo Ashish Kr.Luhach N.Z.Jhanjhi Roobaea Alroobaea Sivakumar Sivanesan Veer Surendra Sai university of technology Burla Burla768018India National Institute of technology Warangal Warangal506004India VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and technology Hyderabad500090India the papua new guinea university of technology Lae-41PapuaNew Guinea School of Computer Science and Engineering Taylor’s UniversitySubang Jaya47500Malaysia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia

In recent years,vehicular cloud computing(VCC)has gained vast attention for providing a variety of services by creating virtual machines(VMs).These VMs use the resources that are present in modern smart *** studies reported that some of these VMs hosted on the vehicles are overloaded,whereas others are *** a circumstance,the energy consumption of overloaded vehicles is drastically *** the other hand,underloaded vehicles are also drawing considerable energy in the underutilized ***,minimizing the energy consumption of the VMs that are hosted by both overloaded and underloaded is a challenging issue in the VCC *** proper and efcient utilization of the vehicle’s resources can reduce energy consumption *** of the solutions is to improve the resource utilization of underloaded vehicles by migrating the over-utilized VMs of overloaded *** the other hand,a large number of VM migrations can lead to wastage of energy and time,which ultimately degrades the performance of the *** paper addresses the issues mentioned above by introducing a resource management algorithm,called resource utilization-aware VM migration(RU-VMM)algorithm,to distribute the loads among the overloaded and underloaded vehicles,such that energy consumption is ***-VMM monitors the trend of resource utilization to select the source and destination vehicles within a predetermined threshold for the process of VM *** ensures that any vehicles’resource utilization should not exceed the threshold before or after the ***-VMM also tries to avoid unnecessary VM migrations between the ***-VMM is extensively simulated and tested using nine *** results are carried out using three performance metrics,namely number of nal source vehicles(nfsv),percentage of successful VM migrations(psvmm)and percentage of dropped VM migrations(pdvmm),and compared with threshold-based algorithm(i.e.,threshold)and

关键词： Resource management virtual machine migration vehicular cloud computing resource utilization source vehicle destination vehicle

Developments of Computing in papua new guinea in the Post-Independence Era

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第8期12卷 141-160页

作者： Zhaohao Sun Xuehui Wei Francisca Pambel School of Business PNG University of Technology Lae Papua New Guinea Confucius Institute Papua New Guinea University of Technology Lae Papua New Guinea

This article looks at the developments of computing in papua new guinea (PNG) in the post-independence era. More specifically, this article examines the development of national policies on Information and Communications technology (ICT), digital technologies in PNG, and the development of computing education in PNG since 1975. The research findings reveal that PNG has made solid progress in computing, ICT, national ICT policies, digital technologies, and computing education at universities in the post-independence era. The proposed approach in this article might facilitate the research and development of computing, ICT, digital technologies, and big data analytics in PNG, and beyond.

关键词： Computing Digital Technologies ICT Computing Education papua new guinea

Customary Law to Acquire Full Force of Law

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Cultural and Religious Studies 2022年第2期10卷 100-109页

作者： Alfred P.Minei university of papua new guinea Port MoresbyPapua New Guinea

A number of the constitutions limit recognition of customary law to those customs and/or usages,which have the“force of law”in their respective *** question as to whether a custom has the“force of law”may be variously interpreted depending upon whether it is the community,the courts,or the legislature,which has the power to identify when a custom becomes *** just when a custom acquires the“force of law”is of much importance for its wider recognition and *** in turn is linked to the question of proof of customary law.A key aspect of papua new guinea(PNG)’s approach is that it brought the multiplicity of regimes of different cultures under a national framework and has given a place to customary law which is now constitutionally recognized as superior to the inherited common *** places the local and traditional over the inherited and imported law,with the constitution placed over *** this paper I examine customary law as in the context of the PNG Constitution.

关键词： constitution customary law indigenous customs human rights courts PNG

Bio-Efficacy of Plant-Derived Pesticides against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and Their Interactive Effects on Maize Agronomic Performance under Field Conditions

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第11期14卷 1535-1546页

作者： Junias Sogra Lux Jimmy Kenndy Kamik Alex Galus Department of Agriculture Papua New Guinea University of Technology Lae Papua New Guinea Department of Agriculture Sonoma Adventist College Kokopo Papua New Guinea Coconut Product Limited Rabaul Papua New Guinea National Agricultural Research Institute Kokopo Papua New Guinea

Maize is widely cultivated in papua new guinea (PNG) and provides farmers with nutrition and income. However, the fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) invasion is a threat to its production and supply. Hence, this field experiment was conducted to assess the bio-efficacy of plant-derived pesticides (PDPs) against FAW and their interactive effects on maize agronomic performance under field conditions. The treatments studied were turmeric rhizome extract (TRE), neem leaf ash solution (NLAS), neem bark extract (NBE), and untreated plots (control) and were replicated 5 times using the randomized complete block design. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated by Fisher’s protected least significant difference test. The result showed that the application of PDPs significantly reduced FAW infestation during the period of peak infestation. At 33 DAS, NBE significantly had the lowest number of FAW larvae (0.6) [F (4, 15) = 5.11, p = 0.02] and FAW attack intensity (29.8%) [F (4, 15) = 8.69, p F (4, 15) = 3.58, p = 0.04] and had the highest number of harvested ears (5.0) [F (4, 15) = 3.72, p = 0.04] and fresh ear weights (447 g) [F (4, 15) = 4.65, p = 0.02] compared to NLAS. The TRE and NLAS had performed poorly relative to the control. Hence, NBE can be used to control FAW infestation at a period of high attack intensity (33 DAS). Moreover, this study will provide basic information for future studies on biopesticidal plant extracts as a control of FAW infestation under field conditions in PNG.

关键词： FAW Larvae Attack Intensity Plant Height Harvested Ear Ear Fresh Weight

The Duty of States to Give Sufficient Recognition to the Right to Health

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Psychology Research 2021年第10期11卷 429-440页

作者： Alfred P.Minei Sam O.Kaipu university of papua new guinea(UPNG) Port MoresbyPapua New Guinea National&Supreme Courts of papua new guinea Port MoresbyPapua New Guinea

Modern human rights,as they have developed since World War II,have several characteristics that are imperative to how they are *** are universal,indivisible,interdependent and *** is,they are held by all people by virtue of the fact that they are human,and apply to all people *** all human rights are *** is,some are considered“qualified rights”which may be subject to lawful *** the papua new guinea(PNG)context,interference will be lawful if it is prescribed by law consistent with the national Constitution and necessary to protect either the rights of others or for other considerations,such as national security,public order or public *** the ending of life context,the weight that should be given to the consent to,and refusal of,treatment in circumstances where the decision will lead to the death of a patient is *** leads to another concern which is the way in which the prerequisites for a refusal of treatment(or valid consent)have been *** requirements of competence,voluntariness and information-giving arguably come under more intense scrutiny where the ramifications of the decision have such grave *** paper considers consent as a reflection of the ethical principle of respect for personal autonomy that is often expressed in the law as the principle of *** also reviews the experiences of healthcare professionals who guide an informed consent process made by individuals,spouses,family members and advisors for the loved ones whose sickness,injury or geriatric age prevent them from having decision-making *** last part summarizes the understanding of the nature of the procedure,benefits and risks which are important to informed consent and offers suggestions as to how the situation can be remedied.

关键词： constitution human rights qualified rights right to die PNG

Integrating Social Mapping with Geographic Information Systems： Community Network Analysis in Sharing Sweetpotato Innovations in papua new guinea

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2017年第11期6卷 569-579页

作者： Lilly Pasa Sar Anton Mais Isidora Ramita Amanda Wandau Cathy Koloa Barton Maino Gabi Lucy Maino Centre for Social and Creative Media University of Goroka Goroka 441 Papua New Guinea papua new guinea National Agricultural Research Institute Lae 411 Papua New Guinea Department of Communication for Development Studies Papua New Guinea University of Technology Lae 411 Papua New Guinea

This research drew from social learning and international development literature. The purpose of this community research was to trace the spread and impact of sweetpotato flour in two rural communities in papua new guinea. Research strategy was participatory learning and action utilizing participatory mapping. The paper mapping process was documented using a video recorder and field notes. Geographic Information Systems technology was then used to incorporate local spatial knowledge on scale maps to show spread of knowledge. The main finding was the identification of social networks through tracking of sweetpotato knowledge： identifying who used the knowledge and whether there were any modifications, the location of those who used the knowledge and whether this was shared and with whom. Most significant was the enabling factors that strengthened existing and potential future networks. Community leadership styles determine success of development projects. Rural communities are diverse needing participatory multi-layered methodologies that are people oriented for agricultural technologies to be learnt and utilized for improved livelihood.

关键词： Social mapping social learning agricultural innovation sweetpotato papua new guinea.