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Astrocyte syncytium:a functional reticular system in the brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第4期14卷 595-596页

作者： Conrad M.Kiyoshi Min Zhou Department of Neuroscience Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

In contrary to the discrete neuronal circuits,astrocytes share their cytoplasm through gap junctional coupling into a *** distinctive difference in neuronal and astrocytic anatomy recalls the historical debate between Camillo Golgi and Ramon y Cajal on the wiring principle of the nervous system over a century ago(Cimino,1999).At that neuron-centric era,the Cajal advocated the cell theory that considered the nervous system to be made up of discrete individual *** on the other hand favored the reticular theory that viewed the nervous system as a singular continuing network ***,regardless of the difference in their viewpoints,both theories were intended to postulate an anatomical blueprint of neural circuitry,with no attention given to *** was until the 1950s,the distinct membrane borders between synapses were revealed by electron microscopy,which means that neurons are indeed discrete individual *** declared Ramon y Cajal’s cell theory the victor in the debate,while Golgi’s reticular theory was ***,the existence of a“low-resistance pathway”between neuroglia was soon identified in the optic nerve in the 1960s(Kuffler et al.,1966),which we now know to be gap junction coupling that connects the cytoplasm of astrocytes into a syncytial *** since,decades of studies clearly demonstrated that syncytial coupling into the network is a most prominent feature of astrocytes and these glial networks are intimately interwoven with the neuronal circuits running across the entire central nervous system(Giaume et al.,2010).Surprisingly,the question of whether a reticular system exists in parallel with the neuronal circuits has received a little research attention to this ***,the wiring pattern of astrocyte syncytium is reminiscent of the reticular theory postulated by *** this perspective,the“revived”use of“reticular theory”is solely dedicated to the brain reticular system established by ast

关键词： Astrocyte syncytium a functional reticular system brain

mRNA profiles of piRNA pathway genes in emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis

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Insect Science 2012年第4期19卷 455-460页

作者： Omprakash Mittapalli Praveen Mamidala Swapna Priya Rajarapu Department of Entomology The Ohio State University Ohio Agricultural and Research Development Center Wooster OH USA

Recent advances of Piwi-interacting RNAs （piRNAs） have enabled a better understanding of their putative roles in the protection of gerrn cells against selfish genetic elements. The germ plasm proteins namely, PIWI and VASA, are key players in regulation of piRNAs. However, the biogenesis of piRNAs remains poorly understood. We report the characterization and the transcript profiles of a PIWI and VASA gene in various tissues and developmental stages of the emerald ash borer （Agrilusplanipennis）, an exotic invasive insect pest that has attained a high impact status worldwide. The deduced amino acid sequences of both these genes （herein referred to ＂ApPIWI and ApVASA＂） revealed homology with similar proteins from other insect and non-insect taxa. Peak transcript levels for ApPIWI and ApVASA were observed in the ovaries （compared to the other tissues assayed） and in adults （compared to the other developmental stages assayed）. To our knowledge this is the first report of profiling piRNA pathway genes in A. planipennis. These results provide new insights into the putative function of the PIWI and VASA proteins in insects.

关键词： Agrilus planipennis piRNA PIWI VASA transcript

Novel approaches to therapeutics in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: vitamin C and tumor treatment fields

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Journal of cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2021年第1期7卷 284-299页

作者： Laith Abushahin Travis Jones Jonathan Song Terence M.Williams Haseebah Shahzad Anne Noonan Arthur G.James comprehensive cancer center and Richard J.Solove Research Institute The Ohio State University Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Internal Medicine Division of Medical OncologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Mechanical&Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Radiation Oncology The Ohio State University Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a lethal disease with limited therapeutic *** extensive clinical research over the past several decades,meaningful improvements in care standards have been challenging to *** efforts are underway on several fronts,including cytotoxic chemotherapy combinations,immunotherapy,and targeted *** this review,we chose to focus less on mainstream avenues of clinical research in PDAC and highlight some novel and innovative research efforts that are typically outside the spotlight of *** of these novel approaches include pharmacologic vitamin C and electromagnetic *** review’s scope is to present the biological basis of the anti-cancer potential and the early clinical data,as well as the future landscape of these agents,including ongoing clinical trials in these therapeutic avenues.

关键词： Pancreas cancer vitamin C ascorbate tumor treatment fields induced electromagnetic field electromagnetic field therapy

Trends and outcomes of transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma:a national survey

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第6期16卷 624-630页

作者： Khalid Mumtaz Nishi Patel Rohan M Modi Vihang Patel Alice Hinton James Hanje Sylvester M Black Somashaker Krishna Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OHUSA Department of Internal Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OHUSA Department of Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OHUSA Division of Biostatistics College of Public Health The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA

BACKGROUND:Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) is a palliative procedure frequently used in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). We examined the national inpatient trends of TACE and related outcomes in the United states over the last ***:We utilized the National Inpatient Sample(2002 to 2012) and performed trend analyses of TACE for HCC in all adult patients(age >18 years). Multivariate analyses for the outcomes of in-hospital "procedure-related complications"(PRCs) and "post-procedure complications"(PPCs) were performed. We also compared early(2002 to 2006) and late(2007 to 2012) eras by multivariate analyses to identify predictors of complications, healthcare resource utilization and ***:Overall, 19058 patients underwent TACE for HCC where PRCs and PPCs were seen in 24.2% and 17.6% of patients, respectively. The overall trends in the use of TACE(P<0.001) and associated PRCs(P=0.006) were observed to be increasing. There was less mortality [adjusted Odds ratio(a OR):0.58; 95% CI:0.41, 0.82], reduced length of hospital stay(-1.87 days; 95% CI:-2.77,-0.97) and increased hospital charges($19232; 95% CI:11013, 27451) in the late era. Additionally, there was increased mortality(a OR:4.07; 95% CI:2.96, 5.59), PRCs(a OR:3.21; 95% CI:2.56, 4.02), and PPCs(a OR:2.70; 95% CI:2.11, 3.46) among patients with ***:There is an increasing trend of TACE utilization in HCC. However, the outcomes are worse in patients with coagulopathy. Although PRCs have increased, mortality has decreased in recent years. These findings should be considered during TACE evaluation in patients with HCC.

关键词： transarterial chemoembolization hepatocellular carcinoma procedural complications mortality

Arabidopsis PTD Is Required for Type Ⅰ Crossover Formation and Affects Recombination Frequency in Two Different Chromosomal Regions

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第3期41卷 165-175页

作者： Pingli Lu Asela J.Wijeratne Zhengjia Wang Gregory P.Copenhaver Hong Ma Institute of Plant Biology Institute of GeneticsSchool of Life SciencesFudan University Department of Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park Molecular and Cellular Imaging center(MCIC) Ohio State University/OARDCWooster School of Forestry and Biotechnology Zhejiang A&F University Department of Biology and the Carolina center for Genome Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Lineberger comprehensive cancer center University of North Carolina School of Medicine

In eukaryotes, crossovers together with sister chromatid cohesion maintain physical association between homologous chromosomes, ensuring accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis I and resulting in exchange of genetic information between homologues. The Arabidopsis PTD （Parting Dancers） gene affects the level of meiotic crossover formation, but its functional relationships with other core meiotic genes, such as AtSP011-1, AtRAD51, and AtMSH4, are unclear; whether PTD has other functions in meiosis is also unknown. To further analyze PTD function and to test for epistatic relationships, we compared the meiotic chromosome behaviors ofAtspoll-1 ptd and Atrad51 ptd double mutants with the relevant single mutants. The results suggest that PTD functions downstream of AtSP011-1 and AtRAD51 in the meiotic recombination pathway. Furthermore, we found that meiotic defects in rck pM and Atmsh4 ptd double mutants showed similar meiotic phenotypes to those of the relevant single mutants, providing genetic evidences for roles of PTD and RCK in the type I crossovers pathway. Moreover, we employed a pollen tetrad-based fluorescence method and found that the meiotic crossover frequencies in two genetic intervals were significantly reduced from 6.63% and 22.26% in wild-type to 1.14% and 6.36%, respectively, in the ptd^2 mutant. These results revealed new aspects of PTD function in meiotic crossover formation.

关键词： PTD Meiosis MSH4 Crossover Recombination frequency

Long-term storage of lipid-like nanoparticles for mRNA delivery

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Bioactive Materials 2020年第2期5卷 358-363页

作者： Pengxuan Zhao Xucheng Hou Jingyue Yan Shi Du Yonger Xue Wenqing Li Guangya Xiang Yizhou Dong Division of Pharmaceutics&Pharmacology College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210United States School of Pharmacy Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China Department of Biomedical Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210United States The center for Clinical and Translational Science The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210United States The comprehensive cancer center The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210United States Dorothy M.Davis Heart&Lung Research Institute The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210United States Department of Radiation Oncology The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210United States

Lipid-like nanoparticles(LLNs)have been extensively explored for messenger RNA(mRNA)delivery in various biomedical ***,the long-term storage of these nanoparticles is still a challenge for their clinical *** this study,we investigated a series of conditions for the long-term storage of LLNs with encapsulation of *** evaluated the stability of LLNs with different concentrations of cryoprotectants(sucrose,trehalose or mannitol)under the conditions of freezing or lyophilization *** in vitro and in vivo mRNA delivery studies,we identified the optimal storage condition,and found that the addition with 5%(w/v)sucrose or trehalose to LLNs could remain their mRNA delivery efficiency for at least three months in the liquid nitrogen storage condition.

关键词： Lipid-like nanoparticles mRNA delivery Long-term storage

New evidence for enhanced cosmogenic isotope production rate in the atmosphere ≈37 kaBP from the Guliya ice core

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第17期44卷 1616-1620页

作者： L.G.Thompson E.Mosley-Thompson J.Cole-Dai M.E.Davis P.-N.Lin Hyrd Polar Research center Ohio State University OH 45701 USAHyrd Polar Research Center Ohio State University OH 45701 USAHyrd Polar Research Center Ohio State University OH 45701 USAHyrd Polar Research Center Ohio State University OH 45701 USAHyrd Polar Research Center Ohio State University OH 45701 USA

A 36CI peak was found in the predicted section of Guliya ice core, from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, at about 37 kaBP. This cannot be interpreted by means of changes in the accumulation rate, but by the enhanced cosmogenic isotope production rate in the atmosphere. Compared with the records of 10Be and 36CI in the other regions, the peaks of the cosmogenic isotopes are global and can be considered as time marks. An intriguing fact is that the peaks coincided with cold periods.

关键词： Guliya ice core cosmogenic isotope 36Cl global event climatic change.

Control of Directional Macromolecular Trafficking Across Specific Cellular Boundaries:A Key to Integrative Plant Biology

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第8期49卷 1227-1234页

作者： BiaoDing AsukaItaya Department of Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology and Plant Biotechnology center Ohio State University ColumbusOhio 43210USA The OSU RNA GroupOhio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210USA MolecularCellular and Developmental Biology ProgramOhio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210USA

There is now solid evidence that cell-to-cell trafficking of certain proteins and RNAs plays a critical role in trans-cellular regulation of gene expression to coordinate cellular differentiation and development. Such trafficking also is critical for viral infection and plant defense. The mechanisms of trafficking remain poorly understood. Although some proteins may move between cells by diffusion, many proteins and RNAs move in a highly regulated fashion. Regulation is likely achieved through interactions between distinct protein or RNA motifs and cellular factors. Some motifs and factors have been identified. One of the major focuses for future studies is to identify all motifs and their cognate factors and further elucidate their roles in trafficking between specific cells. With increasing information from such studies, we should be able to develop an understanding of the mechanisms that regulate trafficking of various proteins and RNAs across all and specific cellular boundaries. On the basis of such mechanistic knowledge, we can further investigate how the trafficking machinery has evolved to regulate developmental and physiological processes in a plant, how pathogens have co-evolved to use this machinery for systemic spread in a plant, and how plants use this machinery for counterdefense.

关键词： CAPRICE GLABRA3 KNOTTED-I phloem plasmodesmata protein trafficking RNA trafficking SHORT-ROOT viral movementprotein viroid

In the presence of danger: the extracellular matrix defensive response to central nervous system injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第4期9卷 377-384页

作者： Lyn B.Jakeman Kent E.Williams Bryan Brautigam Department of Physiology and Cell Biology Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Studies Program Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOHUSA Biomedical Research Graduate Program Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOHUSA OSU center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOHUSA

Glial cells in the central nervous system （CNS） contribute to formation of the extracellular matrix, which provides adhesive sites, signaling molecules, and a diffusion barrier to enhance efficient on and axon potential propagation. In the normal adult CNS, the extracellular matrix （ECM） is relatively stable except in selected regions characterized by dynamic remodeling. However, after trauma such as a spinal cord injury or cortical contusion, the lesion epicenter becomes a focus of acute neuroinflammation. The activation of the surrounding glial cells leads to a dramatic change in the composition of the ECM at the edges of the lesion, creating a perilesion environment dominated by growth inhibitory molecules and restoration of the peripheral/ central nervous system border. An advantage of this response is to limit the invasion of damaging cells and diffusion of toxic molecules into the spared tissue regions, but this occurs at the cost of inhibiting migration of endogenous repair cells and preventing axonal regrowth. The following review was prepared by reading and discussing over 200 research articles in the field published in PubMed and selecting those with significant impact and/or controversial points. This article highlights structural and functional features of the normal adult CNS ECM and then focuses on the reactions of glial cells and changes in the perilesion border that occur following spinal cord or contusive brain injury. Current research strategies directed at modifying the inhibitory perilesion microenvironment without eliminating the protective functions of glial cell activation are discussed.

关键词： nerve regeneration glial scar proteoglycan axon growth spinal cord injury contusion inhibitory inflammation astrocyte macrophage neural regeneration