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Use of chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 absorbance to rapidly detect glyphosate resistance in goosegrass(Eleusine indica)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第4期14卷 714-723页

作者： ZHANG Tai-jie FENG Li TIAN Xing-shan YANG Cai-hong GAO Jia-dong Institute of plant Protection Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection

The rapid detection of glyphosate resistance in goosegrass（Eleusine indica） will enhance our ability to respond to new resistant populations of this major weed. Chlorophyll fluorescence（Fluo） and P700（reaction center chlorophyll of photosystem I） absorbance were analyzed in one biotype of goosegrass that is resistant to glyphosate and in another that remains sensitive to the herbicide. Both biotypes were treated with a foliar spray of glyphosate. Differences in photosystem II maximum quantum yield（Fv/Fm）, effective photochemical quantum yield（Y（II））, and non-photochemical quenching（NPQ） between the biotypes increased over time. Values for Fv/Fm and Y（II） differed between the two biotypes 24 h after treatment（HAT）. Differentiated activities and energy dissipation processes of photosystem II（PSII） and energy dissipation processes of photosystem I（PSI） were manifested in the two biotypes 24 HAT with 20 mmol L–1 glyphosate. Differentiated energy dissipation processes of PSI were still apparent 24 HAT with 200 mmol L–1 glyphosate. These results indicate that the Fluo parameters related to PSII activity and energy dissipation and the P700 parameters related to energy dissipation are suitable indicators that enable rapid detection of glyphosate resistance in goosegrass.

关键词： Eleusine indica glyphosate resistance chlorophyll fluorescence P700

Effects of Droplet Distribution on Insecticide Toxicity to Asian Corn Borers(Ostrinia furnaealis) and Spiders(Xysticus ephippiatus)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第1期13卷 124-133页

作者： YANG Dai-bin ZHANG Lin-na YAN Xiao-jing WANG Zhen-ying YUAN Hui-zhu State key laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Distribution of horizontal boom produced droplets downwards into maize canopies at flowering period and its effects on the efficacies of emamectin benzoate, lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole against the second generation of Asian corn borer （ACB） larvae and their toxicity to spiders were studied. When insecticides were sprayed downwards into the maize canopies, randomly filtering out droplets by upper leaves led to great variations of droplet coverage and density within the canopies. Consequently, the efficacies of lambda-cyhalothrin and emamectin benzoate against ACB larvae were decreased because of randomly filtering out droplets by upper leaves. But field investigation showed that lambda-cyhalothrin was extremely toxic to hunting spiders, Xysticus ephippiatus, and not suitable to IPM programs in regulation of the second generation of ACB. Therefore, randomly filtering out droplets by upper leaves decreased lambda-cyhalothrin＇s efficacy against ACB larvae, but did little to decrease its toxicity to X. ephippiatus. Amamectin benzoate can reduce the populations of X. ephippiatus by 58.1-61.4%, but the populations can recover at the end of the experiment. Chlorantraniliprole was relatively safe to X. ephippiatus. It only reduced the populations of X. ephippiatus by 22.3-33.0%, and the populations can totally recover 9 d after application.

关键词： droplet distribution insecticide toxicity Asian corn borer spider

Microarray Expression Profiling of Postharvest Ponkan Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) Fruit under Cold Storage Reveals Regulatory Gene Candidates and Implications on Soluble Sugars Metabolism

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2011年第5期53卷 358-374页

作者： Andan Zhu Wenyun Li Junli Ye Xiaohua Sun Yuduan Ding Yunjiang Cheng Xiuxin Deng key laboratory of Horticulture plant Biology of Ministry of Education and National key laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement HuazhongAgricultural University Wuhan 430070 China

Low temperature storage is widely applied to maintain citrus postharvest fruit quality. In this study, the transcriptional and metabolic changes in the pulp tissue of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. ＂Ponkan＂ were studied for three successive months under cold storage by Affymetrix Citrus GeneChip and gas chromatography, respectively. As many as 2 161 differentially expressed transcripts were identified based on the bayesian hierarchical model. The statistical analysis of gene ontology revealed that defense/stress-related genes were induced quickly, while autophagy-related genes were overrepresented in the late sampling stages, suggesting that the functional shift may coincide with the subsequent steps of chilling development. We further classified the potential regulatory components and concluded that ethylene may play the crucial role in chilling development in this non-climacteric fruit. To cope with complex events, 53 upregulated transcription factors represented regulatory candidates. Within these, the AP2-EREBP, C2H2 and AS2 gene family were overrepresented. Cold storage also causes alterations in various metabolic pathways; a keen interest is paid in deciphering expression changes of soluble sugar genes as increased evidence that soluble sugars act as both osmolytes and metabolite signal molecules. Our results will likely facilitate further studies in this field with promising genetic candidates during chilling.

关键词： Cold storage Transcription Metabolism Storage Cold Citrus Sugars Solubility Sugar Cooling

Effects of intercropping vines with tobacco and root extracts of tobacco on grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第7期14卷 1367-1375页

作者： WANG Zhong-yue SU Jun-ping LIU Wei-wei GUO Yu-yuan State key laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The effects of grape-tobacco intercropping patterns on populations of grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch, as well as on the growth and development of the infested vines were evaluated in the field and the impact of an aqueous tobacco root extract on grape phylloxera was evaluated using a laboratory bioassay. The aqueous tobacco root extract exhibited biological activity against this pest. The egg mortality, nymph mortality, development period, life span and female fecundity were significantly affected. In the field trial, grape phylloxera populations were clearly lower as compared to the monoculture pattern. However, the rates of newly developed roots and newly infested grape roots were significantly higher and lower, in intercropping patterns than in the vine monoculture, respectively. The grape phylloxera population number on the grape roots decreased each year, and the vine trees gradually renewed upon continuous intercropping with tobacco over three years. These results confirmed that intercropping grapes with tobacco can effectively control grape phylloxera in an infested vineyard. The results also indicated that additional crops could be intercropped with grapes and are effective against grape phylloxera, which should be explored as an integrated approach for controlling the pest.

关键词： grape phylloxera tobacco intercropping developmental duration secondary metabolites control method

Performance of Three Adelphocoris spp.(Hemiptera: Miridae) on Flowering and Non-flowering Cotton and Alfalfa

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第8期13卷 1727-1735页

作者： GAO Zhen PAN Hong-sheng LIU Bing LU Yan-hui LIANG Ge-mei State key laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The genus Adelphocoris（Hemiptera： Miridae） is a group of key insect pests in cotton fields in China that includes three dominant species： A. suturalis（Jakovlev）, A. lineolatus（Goeze） and A. fasciaticollis（Reuter）. Previous field surveys have found that adults of these Adelphocoris species usually move onto specific host plants when the plants enter the flowering stage. To determine the potential trade-offs for this host-plant preference behavior, the performance of these three Adelphocoris spp. on flowering and non-flowering cotton and alfalfa were compared in the laboratory. The results showed that Adelphocoris spp. had significantly higher nymphal developmental and survival rates, along with increased adult longevity and fecundity on flowering cotton and alfalfa than on non-flowering plants of either species. In addition, compared with cotton plants, alfalfa generally promoted better performance of these three Adelphocoris species, especially for A. lineolatus. Simple correlation analysis indicated that female adult longevity was positively correlated to male adult longevity and female fecundity, and female fecundity was positively correlated to nymphal development and survival rates. This study demonstrated a positive correlation between adult preference and offspring/adult performance for all three Adelphocoris species, with no evidence of any trade-offs for this preference for flowering host plants. These findings support the hypothesis that hemimetabolous insects such as mirid bugs have positive adult preference-adult/nymphal performance relationships, which is likely due to the similar feeding habits and nutritional requirements of adults and nymphs.

关键词： Adelphocoris lineolatus Adelphocoris suturalis Adelphocoris fasciaticollis preference-performance relationship cotton alfalfa flowering stage

Alanine-substituted mutant on Gly^(373) and Asn^(375) of Cry1Ai-h-loop 2 causes reduction in both toxicity and binding against Helicoverpa armigera

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第5期18卷 1064-1071页

作者： LIU Yu-xiao ZHOU Zi-shan LIANG Ge-mei SONG Fu-ping ZHANG Jie State key laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Cry1Ai-h-loop 2 is a mutant of Cry1Ai constructed by exchanging loop 2 from Cry1Ah protein and shows insecticidal activity against Helicoverpa armigera. The toxicity of Cry1 Ai-h-loop 2, in contrast to the very low toxicity of Cry1Ai, is closely associated with the eleven residues in the loop 2 region. To characterize the key sites of loop 2 in Cry1Ai-h-loop 2, alaninesubstituted mutants were generated. The toxicity of these mutants against H. armigera indicated that dual-mutant on Gly373 and Asn375 caused a significant decrease in toxic activity. ELISA binding and competition binding assays demonstrated that the reduction of toxicity in the mutant of interest was correlated with decreased binding affinity.

关键词： Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ai Domain Ⅱ-loop2 Helicoverpa armigera binding affinity

Investigating the mechanisms of glyphosate resistance in goosegrass(Eleusine indica) population from South China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第5期14卷 909-918页

作者： ZHANG Chun FENG Li HE Ting-ting YANG Cai-hong CHEN Guo-qi TIAN Xing-shan Guangdong Provincial key laboratory of High Technology for plant Protection Institute of Plant ProtectionGuangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Glyphosate has been used worldwide for nearly 40 years,and 30 types of resistant weeds have been *** is mass-produced and widely used in China,but few studies and reports on glyphosate-resistant weeds and resistance mechanisms *** studies found a goosegrass species with high glyphosate resistance from orchards in South China and its glyphosate resistant mechanism was described in this *** cDNAof 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase（EPSPS,EC 2.***.1.19）,the target enzyme of glyphosate,was cloned from the glyphosate-resistant and-susceptible goosegrass,respectively,and referred as EPSPS-R and *** Pro106 residue was known to be involved in the glyphosate resistance in most goosegrass ***,sequence analysis did not find the mutation at the Pro106 residue in the R biotype EPSPS amino acid *** residue 133 and 382 was mutated in the R biotype EPSPS amino acid sequence instead,but it did not affect the EPSPS-S and EPSPS-R genes sensitivities to ***-PCR and Western blot analyses suggested that EPSPS mRNA and protein are mainly present in the shoot tissues both in the R and S goosegrass *** EPSPS-R rapidly responds to the glyphosate in R-biotype goosegrass and the induced expression was detected at 12 h post glyphosate *** mRNA and protein expression of EPSPS-R increased constantly as the increasing concentration of ***,the expression of the EPSPS-S was not induced significantly by glyphosate in the S goosegrass *** of real-time PCR results showed that the copy number of the EPSPS in R-biotype goosegrass was 4.7 times higher than that in the S goosegrass *** the results implied that EPSPS gene amplification might mainly caused the glyphosate resistance of a goosegrass population collected from orchards in South China.

关键词： populations shoot residue susceptible constantly translocation instead implied confer chlorophyll

Immunotoxicity assessment of cadinene sesquiterpenes from Eupatorium adenophorum in mice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第10期15卷 2319-2325页

作者： OUYANG Can-bin LIU Xiao-man YAN Dong-dong LI Yuan WANG Qiu-xia CAO Ao-cheng GUO mei-xia Institute of plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pest

Sesquiterpenes in Eupatorium adenophorum are abundant in leaves and have great development potential as biopesticides. The toxicity of sesquiterpenes in immune cells and their corresponding immune functions are not fully understood. We evaluated the immunotoxicity of two cadinene sesquiterpenes 2-deoxo-2-（acetyloxy）-9-oxoageraphorone（DAOA） and 9-oxo-10,11-dehydro-agerophorone（ODA） by using histopathology and toxicology methods in vitro and in vivo in lymphocytes and natural killer cells in Kunming mice. The mice were given single doses of 75, 150 and 300 mg kg^-1 body weight（BW） of DAOA/ODA every day for a week. S erious damage to the thymus and spleen was found in tissue images with clear lysis reduction numbers and a loosened arrangement of splenocytes and thymocytes to the mice treated with 150–300 mg kg^-1 DAOA/ODA. Mice cytology was also affected with significant cellular alterations, increased splenocytes apoptosis rates（P〈0.01）, proliferation reduction（P〈0.05） and natural killer cells activities reduction（P〈0.05） when given 150–300 mg kg^-1 DAOA/ODA, the severities of which were dose-dependent. Howev er, a 75 mg kg^-1 dose of DAOA/ODA showed no change in tissue or cytology after the 7 day treatment, and therefore was considered to be within acceptable safety parameters. Taken together, cadinene sesquiterpenes, as a type of toxic botanical component, have low environmental risks in small doses and should be further studied for their use as biopesticides.

关键词： histop athology splenocytes 2-deoxo-2-(acetyloxy)-9-oxoageraphorone immunotoxicity Eupato rium adenophorum

Cloning and RNA interference analysis of the salivary protein C002 gene in Schizaphis graminum

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第4期14卷 698-705页

作者： ZHANG Yong FAN Jia SUN Jing-rui CHEN Ju-lian State key laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The full-length c DNA of functionally-unknown salivary protein C002 in Schizaphis graminum was cloned using rapid amplification of c DNA ends（RACE） and designated as Sg C002（Gen Bank accession no. KC977563）. It is 767 bp long and encodes a protein of 190 amino acid residues with a predicted mass of 21.5 k Da and a predicted cleavage site of N-terminal signal peptide between the 24 th and the 25 th residues. Sg C002 is specifically expressed in salivary gland with the highest level at the 2nd instar. Introducing Sg C002-specific 476-si RNA, but not 546-si RNA to aphids through artificial diet significantly suppressed Sg C002 expression. Silencing Sg C002 gene led to lethality of the aphid on wheat plants, but not on pure artificial diet. Our study demonstrated that artificial diet-mediated RNAi can be a useful tool for research on the roles of genes in aphid salivary gland, and also provided new insights into the characteristics of C002 in wheat aphids.

关键词： Schizaphis graminum salivary protein C002 c DNA clone si RNA