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Numerical investigation of impinging jet ventilation in ICUs:Is thermal stratification a problem?

Building Simulation 2023年第7期16卷 1173-1185页

作者： Lei Wang Zhiqiang Wang Sirui Zhu Zhe Zhu Tao Jin Jianjian Wei institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics/Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Technology of zhejiang Province Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Center for Balance Architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina the architectural design&research institute of zhejiang university co LtdHangzhouChina zhejiang Modern architectural design and research institute co LtdHangzhouChina

Intensive care units(ICUs)are the high incidence sites of hospital-acquired infections,where impinging jet ventilation(IJV)shows great *** stratification of IJV and its effect on contaminants distribution were systematically investigated in this *** changing the setting of heat source or the air change rates,the main driving force of supply airflow can be transformed between thermal buoyancy and inertial force,which can be quantitatively described by the dimensionless buoyant jet length scale(l_(m)^(-)).For the investigated air change rates,namely 2 ACH to 12 ACH,l_(m)^(-)varies between 0.20 and *** thermal buoyancy plays a dominant role in the movement of the horizontally exhaled airflow by the infector under low air change rate,where the temperature gradient is up to 2.45℃/*** flow center remains close to the breathing zone of the susceptible ahead,resulting into the highest exposure risk(6.6‰for 10-μm particles).With higher heat flux of four PC monitors(from 0 W to 125.85 W for each monitor),the temperature gradient in ICU rises from 0.22℃/m to 1.02℃/m;however,the average normalized concentration of gaseous contaminants in the occupied zone is reduced from 0.81 to 0.37,because their thermal plumes are also able to carry containments around them to the ceiling-level *** the air change rate was increased to 8 ACH(l_(m)^(-)=1.56),high momentum weakened the thermal stratification by reducing the temperature gradient to 0.37℃/m and exhaled flow readily rose above the breathing zone;the intake fraction of susceptible patient located in front of the infector for 10-μm particles reduces to 0.8‰.This study proved the potential application of IJV in ICUs and provides theoretical guidance for its appropriate design.

关键词： impinging jet ventilation heat sources air change rates respiratory particles lock-up phenomenon

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Sulfolane‑Based Flame‑Retardant Electrolyte for High‑Voltage Sodium‑Ion Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 498-516页

作者： Xuanlong He Jie Peng Qingyun Lin Meng Li Weibin Chen Pei Liu Tao Huang Zhencheng Huang Yuying Liu Jiaojiao Deng Shenghua Ye Xuming Yang Xiangzhong Ren Xiaoping Ouyang Jianhong Liu Biwei Xiao Jiangtao Hu Qianling Zhang Graphene composite research Center College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060People’s Republic of China Center of Electron Microscopy State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China GRINM(Guangdong)research institute for Advanced Materials and Technology FoshanGuangdong 528051People’s Republic of China college of Energy Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310027People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105People’s Republic of China Shenzhen Eigen-Equation Graphene Technology co.Ltd Shenzhen 518000People’s Republic of China

Sodium-ion batteries hold great promise as next-generation energy storage ***,the high instability of the electrode/electrolyte interphase during cycling has seriously hindered the development of *** particular,an unstable cathode–electrolyte interphase(CEI)leads to successive electrolyte side reactions,transition metal leaching and rapid capacity decay,which tends to be exacerbated under high-voltage ***,constructing dense and stable CEIs are crucial for high-performance *** work reports localized high-concentration electrolyte by incorporating a highly oxidation-resistant sulfolane solvent with non-solvent diluent 1H,1H,5H-octafluoropentyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether,which exhibited excellent oxidative stability and was able to form thin,dense and homogeneous *** excellent CEI enabled the O3-type layered oxide cathode NaNi_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)O_(2)(NaNMF)to achieve stable cycling,with a capacity retention of 79.48%after 300 cycles at 1 C and 81.15%after 400 cycles at 2 C with a high charging voltage of 4.2 *** addition,its nonflammable nature enhances the safety of *** work provides a viable pathway for the application of sulfolane-based electrolytes on SIBs and the design of next-generation high-voltage electrolytes.

关键词： Sodium-ion batteries Sulfolane-based electrolyte High voltage Layered oxide cathode Flame retardant

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Clustering compression-based computation-efficient calibration method for digital twin modeling of HVAC system

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Building Simulation 2023年第6期16卷 997-1012页

作者： Jie Lu Xiangning Tian Chenxin Feng Chaobo Zhang Yang Zhao Yiwen Zhang Zihao Wang institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina architectural design&research institute of zhejiang university co. Ltd.HangzhouChina Center for Balance Architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Jiaxing research institute Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina

Digital twin is regarded as the next-generation technology for the effective operation of heating,ventilation and air conditioning(HVAC)*** is essential to calibrate the digital twin models to match them closely with real physical *** real-time calibration methods cannot satisfy such requirements since the computation loads are beyond acceptable *** address this challenge,this study proposes a clustering compression-based method to enhance the computation efficiency of digital twin model calibration for HVAC *** method utilizes clustering algorithms to remove redundant data for achieving data ***,a hierarchical multi-stage heuristic model calibration strategy is developed to accelerate the calibration of similar component *** basic idea is that once a component model is calibrated by heuristic methods,its optimal solution is utilized to narrow the ranges of parameter probability distributions of similar *** doing so,the calibration process can be guided,so that fewer iterations would be *** performance of the proposed method is evaluated using the operational data from an HVAC system in an industrial *** show that the proposed clustering compression-based method can reduce computation loads by 97%,compared to the conventional calibration *** the proposed hierarchical heuristic model calibration strategy is capable of accelerating the calibration process after clustering and saves 14.6%of the time costs.

关键词： heating,ventilation and air conditioning systems model calibration digital twin heuristic methods clustering compression hierarchical calibration

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Numerical and experimental evaluation on methods for parameter identification of thermal response tests

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Journal of Central South university 2012年第3期19卷 816-823页

作者：王沣浩冯琛琛颜亮王新轲 Building Energy research Center Xi'an Jiaotong University Shanghai architectural design&research institute co. Ltd.

Several parameter identification methods of thermal response test were evaluated through numerical and experimental study.A three-dimensional finite-volume numerical model was established under the assumption that the soil thermal conductivity had been known in the simulation of thermal response *** thermal response curve was firstly obtained through numerical ***,the accuracy of the numerical model was verified with measured data obtained through a thermal response *** on the numerical and experimental thermal response curves,the thermal conductivity of the soil was calculated by different parameter identification *** calculated results were compared with the assumed value and then the accuracy of these methods was ***,the effects of test time,variable data quality,borehole radius,initial ground temperature,and heat injection rate were *** results show that the method based on cylinder-source model has a low precision and the identified thermal conductivity decreases with an increase in borehole *** parameter estimation,the measuring accuracy of the initial temperature of the deep ground soil has greater effect on identified thermal conductivity.

关键词： ground source heat pump thermal response parameter identification method numerical simulation

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Experimental Study on Seismic Performance of Tall Building with Steel Transfer Trusses Located at a Higher Level

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2008年第2期13卷 181-183页

作者：刘劲松裘涛 architectural design and research institute Southeast University architectural design and research institute Zhejiang University

Based on a shaking table experiment of 1 :25 scale frame-shearwall structure model with steel transfer trusses,the dynamic characteristics,seismic responses in elastic and elastic-plastic phases with de- structive forms of the structure were *** was observed that cracks were developed with earthquake wave acceleration increasing,but no severe crack was developed in the structure during the *** the seismic responses caused by artificial wave,site wave and E1 Centro wave,that caused by the artificial wave is the most intense *** angle between steel transfer trusses is large,which means the transfer stories might be ***,the seismic performance of the steel transfer trusses is good and the overall structure can satisfy seismic fortification requirements in the region of intensity 6.

关键词： steel transfer trusses transfer stories model experiment shaking table

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A real-time sensing system based on triboelectric nanogenerator for dynamic response of bridges

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第11期65卷 2723-2733页

作者： ZHANG He HUANG KangXu ZHOU YuHui SUN LiangFeng ZHANG ZhiCheng LUO JiKui college of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Center for Balance Architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China the architectural design&research institute of zhejiang university co.Ltd. Hangzhou 310063China college of Information Science&Electronic Enginering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

The strain of bridges under traffic loads is time-varying and of small amplitude(~10^(-6)),which is a type of cumulative response and needs long-term continuous *** precisely capture the time-varying responses,a dynamic strain triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)sensor with superior response capability,sensitivity,self-powered,and long-term stability is proposed in this *** analytical correlation between the structural strain response signal and the detected electrical signal is established for long-term continuous quantitative strain measurements based on the principles of contact electrification and electrostatic induction.A series of experiments are conducted to investigate the output performance of the proposed lateral-sliding mode TENG *** results reveal that,with the loading condition with frequencies lower than 10 Hz,the time-varying strain responses of the steel bridge within the range of 3 to 150 microstrains can also be detected with high precision of 0.1 *** it achieves long-term stability after 10000 loading cycles compared with commercial *** proposed novel sensing theory and method based on TENG technology can be applied as a new alternative approach for monitoring realtime structural strain information quantitatively with general applicability and feasibility for bridges.

关键词： triboelectric nanogenerator self-driven sensing quantitative sensing theory V-Q-εmodel dynamic strain monitoring of civil infrastructures

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Landscape design method for a green community based on green building design theory

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Journal of zhejiang university-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2010年第9期11卷 691-700页

作者： Hong-feng GUO Jian GE Miao YUE Xiao ZHOU Wu JIN architectural design and research institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Department of Architecture Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China

Landscape design for a green community should be favorable for the ambient ecological environment and for enhancement of both the local climate of a residential area and the environmental quality of life. This paper presents optimization methods for plant landscape design that take account of results of comparisons of noise reduction effects, heat island temperature decreases and effects on ventilation. These methods are based on different plant configurations and various luminous environments, such as exterior sunshine and shaded areas after the simulation of exterior luminous, acoustic and thermal environments of a residential area using the analytic software EcoTECT, CADNA/A, and PHEONICS. Three different types of residential buildings are simulated including a faculty apartment in the Xixi Campus of zhejiang university, the Huaqing Villa and the Gangwan Jiayuan faculty apartment of zhejiang university, China, based on green building design theory. In addition, the methods and process flow of landscape design of green residential areas are also described for the improvement of the exterior physical living environment.

关键词： Landscape design Green community Green building Exterior physical environment

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Effect of intracellular water release on hydro-mechanical behaviors of high kitchen waste content municipal solid waste

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2019年第11期62卷 1907-1915页

作者： XU XiaoBing NI Da CHEN YunMin XU Hui YANG QinFeng XU SiFa institute of Geotechnical Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310023China MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering Institute of Geotechnical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Civil Engineering&Architecture Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018China the architectural design&research institute of zhejiang university co.Ltd Hangzhou 310028China

The release of intracellular water during degradation process contributes to the great leachate production and settlement of landfilled high kitchen waste content MSW(HKWC-MSW). An oven-drying and absorbent-paper combined method was proposed to measure the intracellular and interparticle water contents of HKWC-MSW. Two degradation experiments were carried out to study the release process of intracellular water and its effect on the hydro-mechanical behaviors of *** was found that the two degradation experiments showed similar degradation behaviors with BOD/coD decreasing with time in the early stage. In the first degradation experiment, most intracellular water was released during the first two months, and the degradation of degradable matter in kitchen waste(KW) was much slower than the release process of intracellular water. The particle size became smaller and the overall grain specific gravity increased during the fast release process of intracellular *** the second degradation experiment, after two-year degradation, the total leachate production was about 45.2% of the initial wet weight of HKWC-MSW specimen. Water retention capacity θ_f increased from 0.23 to 0.58 during 1–69 d, which might be caused by the decrease of particle size and compression of waste skeleton. As almost all the intracellular water was released after 80-day degradation, during the latter stage of leachate drainage under gravity, θ_f decreased and was close to the total volumetric water content. The total compression strain was about 0.39. The secondary compression strain during 1–80 d(i.e., about 0.07)was considered to be mainly resulted by the release of intracellular water and the subsequent drainage of leachate, and it accounted for about 22.6% of the total secondary compression strain.

关键词： municipal solid waste landfill degradation intracellular water particle size grain specific gravity water retention capacity settlement

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Assessing the accessibility to fire hazards in preserving historical towns: Case studies in suburban Shanghai, China

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Frontiers of architectural research 2022年第4期11卷 731-746页

作者： Harrison Huang Lu Li Yan Gu college of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Department of Environmental design Fuzhou UniversityFuzhouChina Center for Balance Architecture of zhejiang university China architectural design&research institute of zhejiang university China

Protecting large-scale heritage settlements from being damaged by fires has become increasingly crucial in developing areas that lack adequate legislation, emergency planning, and particularly efficient techniques. This study provides a systematic emergency assessment methodology for evaluating the accessibility of specific fire-fighting techniques to mitigate fire hazards in historical towns and examines how the integration of municipal and local fire services works. Specifically, this paper examines the accessibility of fire trucks, local fire services and the overall protection capacity. There are quantitative calculations of the obstruction degrees on main streets, the feasible moving distances of fire-fighting vehicles and firefighters at a given time, and the fire protection coverage and intensity in each town. Using these methods, this paper systematically assesses the fire resistance of three historical towns, Chuansha, Gaoqiao and Fengjing, as case studies. In contrast to previous studies focusing on the vulnerability of buildings in large historical settlements, this assessment method combines an examination of street networks and various emergency response techniques and is particularly applicable to developing areas.

关键词： Accessibility to fire hazards Emergency assessments Fire-fighting techniques Heritage protection Historical towns Developing areas

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A simple atomization approach enables monolayer dispersion of nano graphenes in cementitious composites with excellent strength gains

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Nano Materials Science 2024年第2期6卷 211-222页

作者： Nanxi Dang Rijiao Yang Chengji Xu Yu Peng Qiang Zeng Weijian Zhao Zhidong Zhang college of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang University310058HangzhouChina Center for Balance Architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310028China the architectural design&research institute of zhejiang university co. LtdHangzhou310063China institute for Building Materials ETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland

Carbon nano additives(CNAs)are critical to achieving the unique properties of functionalized composites,however,controlling the dispersion of CNAs in material matrix is always a challenging *** this study,a simple atomization approach was successfully developed to promote the dispersion efficiency of graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs)in cement *** atomization approach can be integrated with the direct,indirect and combined ultrasonic stirrings in a homemade automatic stirring-atomization *** and microstructure tests were performed on hardened cement pastes blended with GNPs in different stirring and mixing *** show that the direct ultrasonic stirrings enabled more homogeneous dispersions of GNP particles with a smaller size for a longer *** atomized droplets with the mean size of~100μm largely mitigated GNPs’*** GNPs were observed in the cement matrix with the strength gain by up to 54%,and the total porosity decrease by 21%in 0.3 wt%GNPs *** greatly enhanced dispersion efficiency of GNPs in cement also raised the cement *** work provides an effective and manpower saving technique toward dispersing CNAs in engineering materials with great industrialization prospects.

关键词： Nanomaterials Dispersion Atomization Strength Microstructure

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