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Positive association between forest management, environmental change, and forest bird abundance

forest ecosystems 2019年第1期6卷 26-37页

作者： Ernst Detlef Schulze Dylan Craven Andrew M.Durso Jiri Reif Marcus Guderle Franz Kroiher Petra Hennig Anne Weiserbs Peter Schall Christian Ammer Nico Eisenhauer Max Planck institute for Biogeochemistry Biodiversity Macroecology and Biogeography Faculty of forest Science and Forest Ecology University G?ttingen institute of Environmental Studies Faculty of ScienceCharles University thünen-institute for forest ecosystems Aves-Natagora Départment Etudes Silviculture and forest Ecology of the temperate Zones University of G?ttingen German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) and Leipzig University Institute of Biology

Background: the global decrease in wildlife populations, especially birds, is mainly due to land use change and increasing intensity of land use(Parmesan and Yohe 2003). However, impacts of management tools to mitigate biodiversity loss at regional and global scales are less apparent in forest regions that have a constant forest area,and which did not suffer from habitat degradation, and where forests are sustainably managed, such as in Central Europe or the northeastern USA. A biodiversity assessment for Germany suggested, for example, that bird populations were constant(Bundesamt für Naturschutz 2015).Results: this study shows that changes in the environment and in forest management over the past 45 years have had a significant, positive effect on the abundance of non-migratory forest bird species in Central Europe. Economy(timber prices and GDP), forest management(timber harvest and mixed forest area), and environmental factors(atmospheric CO_2 concentration and nitrogen deposition) were investigated together with changes in abundances of migratory and non-migratory forest birds using partial least squares path modeling. Climate change, resulting in longer seasons and milder winters, and forest management, promoting tree diversity, were significantly positively related to the abundance of non-migratory forest birds and explained 92% of the variation in their abundance in Europe. Regionally-migrating forest birds had stable populations with large variation, while birds migrating across continents declined in recent decades, suggesting significant, contrasting changes in bird populations in Europe. In northeastern North America we also found evidence that non-migratory forests have experienced long-term increases in abundance, and this increase was related to management. the increase of populations of nonmigratory forest birds in Europe and North America is associated with an increase in structural diversity and disturbances at the landscape ***: Our

关键词： Climate change Birds Biodiversity Timber harvest Econo my forest management

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Variations in root chemistry of three common forest species,southwestern China

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Journal of forestry Research 2019年第3期30卷 827-834页

作者： Qun Liu Wanqin Yang Fuzhong Wu Bo Tan Li Zhang Zhenfeng Xu Long-term Research Station of Alpine forest ecosystems Institute of Forest and Ecology Sichuan Agricultural University

Root chemistry varies with tree species and root diameter but little information is available about Tibetan forest species. the root chemistry of three root diameter classes (fine: 0–2 mm, medium: 2–5 mm, coarse: 5–10 mm) of three subalpine species (Abies faxoniana Rehd. and Wild, Picea asperata Mast., and Betula albosinensis Burkill) were investigated. Carbon concentrations, and carbon/nitrogen and carbon/phosphorus ratios increased but nitrogen, phosphorus and nitrogen/phosphorus ratios decreased with increasing root diameter. the roots of the conifers had higher carbon levels, and higher carbon/nitrogen and carbon/phosphorus ratios than birch roots. the opposite was found with nitrogen and phosphorus levels and nitrogen/phosphorus ratios. Lignin concentrations decreased but cellulose concentrations increased with greater root diameters. the results indicate that diameter-associated variations in root chemistry may regulate their contribution to detrital pools which has important implications for below-ground carbon and nutrient cycles in these subalpine forests.

关键词： Root diameter Lignin Cellulose Stoichiometry Subalpine forest

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Fluxes,stocks and availability of nitrogen in evergreen broadleaf and fir forests:similarities and differences

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Journal of forestry Research 2021年第5期32卷 2059-2066页

作者： Panagiotis Michopoulos Athanassios Bourletsikas Kostas Kaoukis o.demeter-institute of mediterranean forest ecosystems terma alkmanos11528 athensgreece

In this study,nitrogen fluxes or flows in litterfall,nitrogen stocks and available nitrogen in soils of two plots representing evergreen broadleaf and Bulgarian fir forests were *** plots are in good quality sites and for this reason,the litterfall quantities and nitrogen fluxes were relatively *** woody litterfall flux of nitrogen was significantly higher in the fir forest than in the evergreen broadleaf *** total nitrogen stock was higher in the soil under the fir ***,the percentage of the available nitrogen(ammonium+nitrates)was significantly higher in the upper 20 cm soil layer of the evergreen broadleaf forest in spite of the higher average C/N ratios in the foliar litterfall of the broadleaf forest and insignificant difference of the C/N ratios in all soil layers of the two *** microclimatic conditions(higher soil temperatures in the evergreen broadleaf forest)is probable possible cause for this *** available nitrogen in the soils and its retranslocation from senescing leaves cover the nitrogen requirements of *** is hypothesized that trees may also take up nitrogen from deeper soil layers.

关键词： Maquis Fir Nitrogen Litterfall fluxes Soil

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Biomass and carbon stocks in mangrove ecosystems of Kerala,southwest coast of India

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 355-363页

作者： K.M.Harishma S.Sandeep V.B.Sreekumar Department of forest Botany Kerala Forest Research InstitutePeechiKerala 680653India Department of Soil Science Kerala Forest Research InstitutePeechiKerala 680653India

Background:Mangroves are important tropical carbon sinks,and their role in mitigating climate change is well documented across the ***,the ecosystem carbon stocks in the mangroves of India have not been studied *** from this region is very limited for providing sufficient insights and authentic evaluation of carbon stocks on a regional *** this study,we evaluated the ecosystem carbon stock and its spatial variation in mangroves of Kerala,southwest coast of ***:the mean biomass stored in mangrove vegetation of Kerala is 117.11±1.02 t/ha(ABG=80.22±0.80,BGB=36.89±0.23 t/ha).Six mangrove species were found distributed in the study *** the different species,Avicennia marina had the highest biomass(162.18 t/ha)and least biomass was observed in Sonneratia alba(0.61 t/ha).the mean ecosystem carbon stock of mangrove systems in Kerala was estimated to be 139.82 t/ha,equivalent to 513.13 t CO2 e/ha with the vegetation and soil storing 58.56 t C/ha and 81.26 t C/ha ***:the present study reveals that Kerala mangroves store sizable volume of carbon and therefore need to be preserved and managed sustainably,to retain along with the increase in carbon *** features the need of broadening mangrove cover as well as restoring deteriorated land in the past 50 *** mangrove forests in this region are protected by the Kerala forest Department,they have been frequently facing illegal encroachment,prawn cultivation,and coastal erosion.

关键词： Mangrove ecosystem Biomass Aboveground carbon Belowground carbon Ecosystem carbon stock

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Predation of cassowary dispersed seeds:is the cassowary an effective disperser?

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第3期6卷 168-177页

作者： Matt G.BRADFORD David A.WESTCOTT CSIRO-Sustainable ecosystems Tropical Forest Research CentreAthertonQueenslandAustralia

Post-dispersal predation is a potentially significant modifier of the distribution of recruiting plants and an often unmeasured determinant of the effectiveness of a frugivore’s dispersal *** the wet tropical forests of Austra-lia and New Guinea,the cassowary provides a large volume,long distance dispersal service incorporating benefi-cial gut processing;however,the resultant clumped deposition might expose seeds to elevated *** exam-ined the contribution of post-dispersal seed predation to cassowary dispersal effectiveness by monitoring the fate of 11 species in southern cassowary(Casuarius casuarius johnsonii Linnaeus)droppings over a period of 1 *** all species,the rate of predation and removal was relatively *** 1 month,70%of seeds remained intact and outwardly viable,while the number fell to 38%after 1 *** proportion of seeds remaining intact in droppings varied considerably between species:soft-seeded and large-seeded species were more likely to escape removal and ***,across all species,seeds in droppings were no more likely to be predated than those left undispersed under the parent *** speculate that seed predating and scatter-hoarding rodents are responsible for the vast majority of predation and removal from droppings and that the few seeds which undergo secondary dispersal survive to *** findings reinforce the conclusion that the cassowary is an impor-tant seed disperser;however,dispersal effectiveness for particular plant species can be reduced by massive post-dispersal seed mortality.

关键词： Australia Casuarius casuarius disperser effectiveness secondary dispersal seed shadow

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Does overshoot in leaf development of ponderosa pine in wet years leads to bark beetle outbreaks on fine-textured soils in drier years?

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forest ecosystems 2014年第4期1卷 214-226页

作者： Wendy Peterman Richard H Waring Conservation Biology institute Department of forest ecosystems and Society Oregon State University

Background： Frequent outbreaks of insects and diseases have been recorded in the native forests of western North America during the last few decades, but the distribution of these outbreaks has been far from uniform. In some cases, recent climatic variations may explain some of this spatial variation along with the presence of expansive forests composed of dense, older trees. forest managers and policy makers would benefit if areas especially prone to disturbance could be recognized so that mitigating actions could be taken. Methods： We use two ponderosa pine-dominated sites in western Montana, U.S.A. to apply a modeling approach that couples information acquired via remote sensing, soil surveys, and local weather stations to assess where bark beetle outbreaks might first occur and why. Although there was a general downward trend in precipitation for both sites over the period between 1998 and 2010 （slope =-1.3, R2 = 0.08）, interannual variability was high. Some years showed large increases followed by sharp decreases. Both sites had similar topography and fire histories, but bark beetle activity occurred earlier （circa 2000 to 2001） and more severely on one site than on the other. the initial canopy density of the two sites was also similar, with leaf area indices ranging between 1.7-2.0 m2. m-2. We wondered if the difference in bark beetle activity was related to soils that were higher in clay content at site I than at site II. To assess this possibility, we applied a process-based stand growth model （3-PG） to analyze the data and evaluate the hypotheses. Results： We found that when wet years were followed by drier years, the simulated annual wood production per unit of leaf area, a measure of tree vigor, dropped below a critical threshold on site I but not on site II. Conclusion： We concluded that the difference in vulnerability of the two stands to beetle outbreaks can be explained largely by differences in gross photosynthesis attributed to the fact that an equ

关键词： Does overshoot in leaf development of ponderosa pine in wet years leads to bark beetle outbreaks on fine-textured soils in drier years soil

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Winter soil CO_2 efflux in two contrasting forest ecosystems on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China

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Journal of forestry Research 2015年第3期26卷 679-686页

作者： Zhenfeng Xu Feifei Zhou Huajun Yin Qing Liu institute of forest & Ecology Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Significant CO2 fluxes from snow-covered soils occur in cold biomes. However, little is known about winter soil respiration on the eastern Tibetan Plateau of China. We therefore measured winter soil CO2 fluxes and estimated annual soil respiration in two contrasting coniferous forest ecosystems （a Picea asperata plantation and a natural forest）. Mean winter soil CO2 effluxes were 1.08 μmol m-2 s-1 in the plantation and 1.16 μmol m-2 s-1 in the natural forest. these values are higher than most reported winter soil CO2 efflux values for temperate or boreal forest ecosystems. Winter soil respiration rates were similar for our two forest ecosystems but mean soil CO2 efflux over the growing sea- son was higher in the natural forest than in the plantation. the estimated winter and annual soil effluxes for the natural forest were 176.3 and 1070.3 g m-2, respectively, based on the relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature, which were 17.2 and 9.7 % greater than their counterparts in the plantation. the contributions of winter soil respiration toannual soil efflux were 15.4 % tor the plantation and 16.5R for the natural forest and were statistically similar. Our results indicate that winter soil CO2 efflux from frozen soils in the alpine coniferous forest ecosystems of the eastern Tibetan Plateau was considerable and was an important component of annual soil respiration. Moreover, reforesta- tion （natural coniferous forests were deforested and refor- ested with P. asperata plantation） may reduce soil respiration by reducing soil carbon substrate availability and input.

关键词： Winter soil CO2 efflux Eastern TibetanPlateau Natural coniferous forest Picea asperataplantation

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Selecting and applying quantification models for ecosystem services to forest ecosystems in South Korea

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Journal of forestry Research 2016年第6期27卷 1373-1384页

作者： Hyun-Ah Choi Woo-Kyun Lee Cholho Song Nicklas Forsell Seongwoo Jeon Joon Soon Kim So Ra Kim Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea ecosystems Services and Management Program International Institute for Applied Systems AnalysisSchlossplatz 1 2361 Laxenburg Austria Department of forest Management Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea Korea forest Conservation Association 186 Dongjak-daeroSeocho-gu Seoul 06559 Republic of Korea

there is growing interest in using ecosystem services to aid development of management strategies that target sustainability and enhance ecosystem support to humans. Challenges remain in the search for methods and indicators that can quantify ecosystem services using metrics that are meaningful in light of their high priorities. We developed a framework to link ecosystems to human wellbeing based on a stepwise approach. We evaluated prospective models in terms of their capacity to quantify national ecosystem services of forests. the most applicable models were subsequently used to quantify ecosystem services. the Korea forest Research institute model sat- isfied all criteria in its first practical use. A total of 12 key ecosystem services were identified. For our case study, we quantified four ecosystem functions, viz. water storage capacity in forest soil for water storage service, reduced suspended sediment for water purification service, reduced soil erosion for landslide prevention service, and reduced sediment yield for sediment regulation service. Water storage capacity in forest soil was estimated at 2142 t/ha, and reduced suspended sediment was estimated at 608 kg/ ha. Reduced soil erosion was estimated at 77 m^3/ha, and reduced sediment yield was estimated at 285 m^3/ha. these results were similar to those reported by previous studies. Mapped results revealed hotspots of ecosystem services around protected areas that were particularly rich in bio- diversity. In addition, the proposed framework illustrated that quantification of ecosystem services could be sup- ported by the spatial flow of ecosystem services. However, our approach did not address challenges faced when quantifying connections between ecosystem indicators and actual benefits of services described.

关键词： Classification Ecosystem services Quantification Stepwise approach

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Mobilization and redistribution of elements in soils developed from extreme weathering basalt on Hainan Island

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2014年第3期33卷 262-271页

作者： LI Jianwu ZHANG Ganlin GONG Zitong Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in forest ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

Major, trace and organic elements of a laterite profile developed on Neogene basalt on Hainan Island, South China were reported to investigate elements mobilization and redistribution in tropical regions. the results indicate that strong acid environment and organic matter(OM) can remarkably improve the transfer of insoluble elements. Among all the elements, th is the least mobile. As for the general conservative elements during incipient chemical weathering, such as Ti, Zr, Hf and Nb, the removals are up to 30%–40% in the upper profile. And for Fe, Al, Cu and Ni, that tend to be combined with secondary minerals and to be retained in temperate zone, they are removed from the upper profile, transferred downwards, and then precipitated in the lower profile. In addition, atmospheric inputs, including sea salt aerosols and dust, have a profound effect on the budgets of elements that are susceptible to leaching losses(e.g. K, Na and Sr). Excluding the possibilities of groundwater and erosion, the remarkable increase of K, Na and Sr concentrations in the upper profile, together with dramatically upward increasing trends of the percentage changes of Sr/th, K/th and Na/th ratios, show that atmospheric inputs, especially sea salt aerosols, contribute much extraneous seawater derived elements, such as K, Na and Sr to the soils. the overall elemental behaviors in this profile suggest that organic matter and atmospheric inputs play a very important role in the mobilization and redistribution of elements during extreme weathering in tropical regions.

关键词：化学风化再分配玄武岩海南岛土壤开发大气输入热带地区

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Aspects of forest restoration and hydrology:the hydrological function of litter

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Journal of forestry Research 2022年第2期33卷 543-552页

作者： Luara Castilho Pereira Leonardo Balbinot Marcelle Teodoro Lima Julieta Bramorski Kelly Cristina Tonello Hydrology in forest ecosystems Lab.(Hidrolef) Department of Environmental SciencesFederal University of São Carlos(UFSCar)SorocabaSão PauloBrazil Hydrology in forest ecosystems Lab.(Hidrolef) Department of Environmental SciencesFederal University of Amapá(UNIFAP)MacapáAmapáBrazil

Although forests play important roles in the hydrological cycle,there is little information that relates the water retention capacity of litter in areas under passive restoration,especially in Cerrado *** study relates litter levels to water holding capacity and effective water retention among forest fragments under different passive restoration stages:46,11,and 8 years to better understand litter hydrological functions in the *** retention capacity and effective water retention capacity of litters(unstructured materials,branches and leaves)in the field were monitored on a monthly *** litter accumulation at 46 years was significantly higher than that of the other succession *** litter mass was significantly higher than that of leaves and *** 46-year stage had the highest water holding capacity in the leaf fraction,followed by unstructured material and *** the water holding capacity was lower in the oldest resto-ration,this site showed the highest efficiency under field *** process was quickly reestablished,as the 11-year restoration showed results closer to that for the 46-year stage in comparison to the area at 8 ***,passive restoration plays a key role in soil water mainte-nance due to the influence of litter in Cerrado *** and the imminent need of restoring degraded sites,highlight the need for further studies focused on bet-ter understanding of the process of forest restoration and its temporal effect on soil water recovery dynamics.

关键词： forest hydrology Litter interception Stemflow Cerrado Águas Perenes forest Water holding capacity

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