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Laboratory and numerical modelling of irrigation infiltration and nitrogen leaching in homogeneous soils

Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 146-158页

作者： Lei WU Ruizhi LI Yan WANG Zongjun GUO Jiaheng LI Hang YANG Xiaoyi mA Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas Ministry of EducationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Blackland research and extension center Texas A&M AgriLife ResearchTexas A&M UniversityTemple TX 76502USA State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

Nitrogen (N) plays a key role in crop growth and production;however,data are lacking especially regarding the interaction of biochar,grass cover,and irrigation on N leaching in saturated soil *** soil columns with 20-cm diameter and 60-cm height were designed to characterize the effects of different grass cover and biochar combinations,i.e.,bare soil+0%biochar (control,CK),perennial ryegrass+0%biochar (C1),Festuca arundinacea+0%biochar (C2),perennial ryegrass+1%biochar (C3),perennial ryegrass+2%biochar (C4),perennial ryegrass+3%biochar (C5),***+1%biochar (C6),***+2% biochar (C7),and ***+3%biochar (C8),on periodic irrigation infiltration and N leaching in homogeneous loess soils from July to December *** in CK were 10.2%–35.3%higher than those in C1 and *** perennial ryegrass and *** decreased the volumes of leachates and delayed the leaching process in the 1%,2%,and 3%biochar treatments,and the vertical leaching rate decreased with biochar *** N leaching losses were concentrated in the first few leaching tests,and both total N (TN) and nitrate (NO_(3)^(-))-N concentrations in CK and C1–C8 decreased with increasing leaching test *** addition (1%,2%,and 3%) could further reduce the leaching risk of NO_(3)^(-)-N and the NO_(3)^(-)-N loss decreased with biochar ***,compared to 1%biochar,2% biochar promoted the leaching of TN under both grass cover *** N leaching losses in CK,C1,C2,C3,C4,C6,and C7 were primarily in the form of NO_(3)^(-)-*** these treatments,CK,C1,and C2had the highest cumulative leaching fractions NO_(3)^(-)-N (>90%),followed by those in C3,C4,C6,and C7 (>80%).The cumulative leaching fraction of NO_(3)^(-)-N decreased with increasing leaching test times and biochar addition,and 3%biochar addition (i.e.,C5 and C8) reduced it to approximately 50%.The one-dimensional advective-dispersive-reactive transport equation can be used as an effective nume

关键词： leaching loss nitrate nitrogen biochar grass cover analytical modelling

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Estimating the Drought-Induced Yield Loss for Winter Wheat in a Semi-Arid Region of the Southern United States Using a Drought Index

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 812-829页

作者： Prem Woli Qingwu Xue Gerald R. Smith Charles R. Long Francis m. Rouquette Jr. texas a&m AgriLife research center Overton Texas USA texas a&m AgriLife research center Amarillo Texas USA

The economy of most rural locations in the semi-arid region of Llano Estacado in the southern United States is predominantly based on agriculture, primarily beef and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. This region is prone to drought and is projected to experience a drier climate. Droughts that coincide with the critical phenological phases of a crop can be remarkably costly. Although drought cannot be prevented, its losses can be minimized through mitigation measures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting yield loss from an imminent drought is an important need of stakeholders. One way to fulfill this need is using an agricultural drought index, such as the Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). Being plant physiology-based, ARID can represent drought-yield relationships accurately. This study developed an ARID-based yield model for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to water stress. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield model indicated that it could reflect the phenomenon of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region reasonably. The values of the various metrics used to evaluate the model, including Willmott Index (0.86), Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.61), and percentage error (26), indicated that the yield model performed fairly well at predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat. The yield model may be useful for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in the study region and scheduling irrigation allocation based on phenological phase-specific drought sensitivity.

关键词： ARID Drought Drought index Growth-stage model Phenological-Phase Prediction Semi-Arid Wheat Yield

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Estimating the Yield Loss of Winter Wheat from Drought in the United States Southern Plains Region as Influenced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 1018-1034页

作者： Prem Woli Gerald R. Smith Charles R. Long Francis m. Rouquette, Jr. texas a&m AgriLife research center Overton USA

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is a major economic activity in most regional and rural areas in the Southern Plains, a semi-arid region of the United States. This region is vulnerable to drought and is projected to experience a drier climate in the future. Since the interannual variability in climate in this region is linked to an ocean-atmospheric phenomenon, called El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), droughts in this region may be associated with ENSO. Droughts that occur during the critical growth phases of wheat can be extremely costly. However, the losses due to an impending drought can be minimized through mitigation measures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting the yield loss from an imminent drought is crucial for stakeholders. One of the reliable ways for such prediction is using a plant physiology-based agricultural drought index, such as Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). This study developed ENSO phase-specific, ARID-based models for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield model for each ENSO phase (El Niño, La Niña, or Neutral) indicated that the yield models reflected reasonably well the phenomena of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region during different ENSO phases. The values of various goodness-of-fit measures used, including the Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.54 to 0.67), the Willmott Index (0.82 to 0.89), and the percentage error (20 to 26), indicated that the yield models performed fairly well at predicting the ENSO phase-specific loss of wheat yields from drought. This yield model may be useful for predicting yield loss from drought and scheduling irrigation allocation based on the phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought as impacted by ENSO.

关键词： ARID Drought Drought Index ENSO El Niño Growth-Stage model Phenological-Phase Prediction Semi-Arid Wheat Yield Loss

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Solute transport and geochemical modeling of the coastal quaternary aquifer, Delta Dahab Basin, South Sinai, Egypt

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第1期43卷 16-39页

作者： Amira Samy mustafa Eissa Seham Shahen moustafa m.Said Rabab m.Abou-shahaba Division of Water Resources and Arid Land Department of HydrogeochemistryDesert Research CenterCairoEgypt Egypt Desalination research center of Excellence Desert Research CenterCairoEgypt center for Water Supply Studies S&E-Physical&Environmental SciencesTexas A&M University Corpus ChristiCorpus ChristiUSA Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science(Girls)Al-Azhar UniversityYousef Abbas StrNasr CityP.O.Box:11754CairoEgypt

The wadi dahab delta is in a dry, arid coastal zone within Egypt’s south Sinai Peninsula’s eastern portion. The primary water source is the Quaternary coastal alluvial aquifer. The groundwater salinity varies from 890to 8213 mg/L, with a mean value of 3417 mg/L. The dissolved major ions have been used to calculate the seawater mixing index(SWmI) using a linear equation that discriminates the groundwater mostly affected by water–rock interaction(SWmI 1>) and other samples mixed with Seawater(SWmI mposition of groundwater for specifically chosen groundwater samples ranges from-0.645‰ to +5.212‰ for δ^(18)O and from-9.582‰ to + 22.778‰ for δ^(2)H, where the seawater represented by a Red Sea water sample(δ^(18)O + 1.64‰-δ^(2)H + 9.80‰) and reject brine water are considerably enriched the isotopic groundwater values. The geochemical NETPATH model constrained by the dissolved significant ions, isotopes, and the rock aquifer forming minerals as phases indicate the mixing percent with the seawater ranges from 9% to 97% of seawater from 91% to 3% of original recharge water. According to the SEAWAT 3-D flow models, seawater has penetrated the Northeastern Dahab delta aquifer, with the intrusion zone extending1500 m inland. The salt dissolution, upwelling of saline water, recharge from the upstream mountain block, and seawater encroachment are the primary aspects contributing to the deterioration of groundwater quality. These findings may have significance for effective groundwater withdrawal management in arid locations worldwide with similar hydrogeological systems.

关键词： Groundwater geochemistry Seawater intrusion Solute transport SEAWAT

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Spark plasma sintering of tungsten-based WTaVCr refractory high entropy alloys for nuclear fusion applications

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International Journal of minerals,metallurgy and materials 2024年第1期31卷 146-154页

作者： Yongchul Yoo Xiang Zhang Fei Wang Xin Chen Xing-Zhong Li michael Nastasi Bai Cui Department of mechanical&materials Engineering University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA Nebraska center for materials and Nanoscience University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA Department of Nuclear Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

W-based WTaVCr refractory high entropy alloys (RHEA) may be novel and promising candidate materials for plasma facing components in the first wall and diverter in fusion reactors. This alloy has been developed by a powder metallurgy process combining mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The SPSed samples contained two phases, in which the matrix is RHEA with a body-centered cubic structure, while the oxide phase was most likely Ta2VO6through a combined analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD),energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The higher oxygen affinity of Ta and V may explain the preferential formation of their oxide phases based on thermodynamic calculations. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) revealed an average grain size of 6.2μm. WTaVCr RHEA showed a peak compressive strength of 2997 mPa at room temperature and much higher micro-and nano-hardness than W and other W-based RHEAs in the literature. Their high Rockwell hardness can be retained to at least 1000°C.

关键词： refractory high entropy alloy plasma-facing material fusion reactor spark plasma sintering

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Early antiplatelet therapy used for acute ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第4期12卷 677-680页

作者： Venkata Buddhavarapu Rahul Kashyap Salim Surani Department of medicine Banner Baywood Medical CenterMesaAZ 85206United States Department of research Wellspan HealthYorkPA 17403United States Department of medicine&Pharmacology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843United States

In this editorial we comment on the article published by Zhang et al in the recent issue of World Journal of Clinical *** evaluate their claims on the benefit of use of Aspirin in the early management of patients with ischemic *** also comment on their contention of using aspirin in the early management of patients with intracranial hemorrhage,a practice not seen in modern *** clinical trials such as the International Stroke Trial and the Chinese Acute Stroke Trial have shown the benefit of Aspirin use within 48 h of patients with Acute Ischemic *** findings were corroborated in the open-label trial performed by Zhang et al in a smaller sample group of 25 patients where they showed improvement in functional scores at 90 days without an increase in adverse *** such,this intervention is also recommended by the American Heart Association stroke guidelines from *** regard to Intracranial hemorrhage,traditional practice has been to discontinue or avoid antiplatelet therapy in these patient ***,no studies have been done to evaluate this management strategy that is more borne out of the mechanism behind Aspirin’s effect on the coagulation *** et al evaluate the benefits of Aspirin on patients with low-volume intracranial hemorrhage,i.e.,less than 30 mL on computed tomo-graphy imaging,and show no increase in *** caveat of this finding is that all outcomes were pooled into one group for results,and the number of patients was *** more studies with larger patient groups are required,the data from Zhang et al suggests that patients with small-volume intracranial hemorrhages may benefit from Aspirin administration in the acute phase of management.

关键词： Aspirin Ischemic stroke Intracranial hemorrhage CVA Antiplatelet therapy

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Investigating causal links between gastroesophageal reflux disease and essential hypertension

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第14期12卷 2304-2307页

作者： Gowthami Sai Kogilathota Jagirdhar Yatinder Bains Salim Surani Department of medicine Saint Francis Health Science CenterNewarkNJ 07107United States Department of Gastroenterology Saint Michaels Medical CenterNewarkNJ 07102United States Department of medicine and Pharmacology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843United States

Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)is a prevalent global health concern with a rising *** risk factors,including obesity,hiatal hernia,and smo-king,contribute to its *** research suggests associations bet-ween GERD and metabolic syndrome,cardiac diseases,and hypertension(HTN).mechanisms linking GERD to HTN involve autonomic dysfunction,inflammatory states,and endothelial ***,GERD medications such as pro-ton-pump inhibitors may impact blood pressure ***,antihy-pertensive medications like beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers can exacerbate GERD *** bidirectional causality exists between GERD and HTN,longitudinal studies are warranted to elucidate the precise *** of GERD,including anti-reflux surgery,may positively influence HTN ***,the interplay of lifestyle factors,comorbidities,and medications necessitates further investigation to comprehensively understand this *** this editorial,we comment on the article published by Wei et al in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical *** evaluate their claims on the causal association between GERD and HTN.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Hypertension metabolic syndrome Gastro-esophageal reflux disease Hiatal hernia

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Ultrafast magneto-optical dynamics in nickel(111)single crystal studied by the integration of ultrafast reflectivity and polarimetry probes

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 65-69页

作者：匡皓余军潇陈洁 H.E.Elsayed-Ali 李润泽 Peter m.Rentzepis School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China center for Transformative Science ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China center for Ultrafast Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education)Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA)School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Old Dominion UniversityNorfolkVirginia 23529USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843USA

With the integration of ultrafast reflectivity and polarimetry probes,we observed carrier relaxation and spin dynamics induced by ultrafast laser excitation of Ni(111)single *** carrier relaxation time within the linear excitation range reveals that electron-phonon coupling and dissipation of photon energy into the bulk of the crystal take tens of *** the other hand,the observed spin dynamics indicate a longer time of about 120 *** further understand how the lattice degree of freedom is coupled with these dynamics may require the integration of an ultrafast diffraction probe.

关键词： ultrafast spin dynamics non-equilibrium dynamics multi-probe

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Fabricating bio-inspired high impact resistance carbon nanotube network films for multi-protection under an extreme environment

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Nano research 2024年第9期17卷 7793-7802页

作者： mingquan Zhu Kailu Xiao Wei Zhang Xudong Lei Yunxiang Bai Shijun Wang Peng Zhang Feng Gao Congying Wang Wenqiang Xu Huiyong Li Xianqian Wu Chao Wang Hui Zhang Luqi Liu Zhong Zhang CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77840USA Institute of mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Astronautics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China CAS Key Laboratory of mechanical Behavior and Design of materials Department of Modern MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China

The fabrication of light-weight,highly impact-resistant,and energy-absorbent materials is urgently demanded in many facets of the society from body armor to aerospace engineering,especially under an extreme *** nanotubes(CNTs),one of the strongest and toughest materials ever found,also have good conductivity,chemical stability,and thermal stability,etc,making them a competitive candidate as building blocks to help achieve the above *** this work,a kind of CNT network was prepared by using chlorosulfonic acid(CSA)to release the internal stress of super-aligned carbon nanotube films(SA-CNTF)and dendritic polyamide amine(PAmAm)to further introduce multiple hydrogen bonds and interlocking *** fabricated bioinspired carbon nanotube network films(PAmAm@C-CNTF)have a high toughness of 45.97 mJ/m3,showing an increase of 420%compared to neat *** importantly,the anti-impact performance of the films(e.g.,with a maximum specific energy absorption of 1.40 mJ/kg under 80-100 m/s projectile impact)is superior to that of conventional protective materials from steel and Kevlar fiber,and also exceeds that of any other reported carbon-based *** hierarchical energy dissipation mechanism was further revealed through experiment and *** functions including intelligent heating/anti-icing,ultraviolet protection,as well as electromagnetic interference shielding properties make these network films have great potential in practical multi-protection applications,especially under an extreme environment.

关键词： carbon nanotubes composites mechanical properties multi-function

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Soil Organic Carbon Pools Under Switchgrass Grown as a Bioenergy Crop Compared to Other Conventional Crops

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Pedosphere 2013年第4期23卷 409-416页

作者： F.G.DOU F.m.HONS W.R.OCUmPAUGH J.C.READ m.A.HUSSEY J.P.mUIR texas a&m AgriLife research &extension center at Beaumont Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Texas A&M University texas a&m AgriLife research Station at Beeville texas a&m AgriLife research and extension center at Dallas texas a&m AgriLife research and extension center at Stephenville

Switchgrass （Panicum virgaturn L.） has been proposed as a sustainable bioenergy crop because of its high yield potential, adap- tation to marginal sites, and tolerance to water and nutrient limitations. A better understanding of the potential effects of biomass energy crop production practices on soil biological properties and organic matter dynamics is critical to its production. Our objective was to evaluate changes in C pools under a warm-season perennial switchgrass in different soils compared to typically-grown crops col- lected at College Station, Dallas, and Stephenville, TX in February 2001. Sampling depths were 0-5, 5-15, and 15-30 cm. Switchgrass increased soil organic C （SOC）, soil microbial biomass C （SmBC）, mineralizable C, and particulate organic matter C （POm-C） com- pared to conventional cropping systems. Soil C concentrations were in the order： long-term coastal bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon （L.） Pers.] 〉 switchgrass or kleingrass （Panicum coloratura L.） planted in 1992 〉 switchgrass 1997 〉 conventional cropping systems. Soil C concentrations tended to increase with increasing clay content. Greater microbial biomass C followed the order of Dallas 〉 College Station 〉 Stephenville, and ranged from approximately 180 mg C kg-1 soil at Stephenville to 1 900 mg C kg-1 soil at Dallas. Particulate organic C was more sensitive than other fractions to management, increasing as much as 6-fold under long-term coastal bermudagrass compared to conventional cropping systems. Our study indicated that conversion of conventional cropping systems into switchgrass production can sequestrate more SOC and improve soil biological properties in the southern USA.

关键词： cropping systems particulate organic C perennial grasses soil microbial biomass C soil mineralizable C

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