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Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 298-303页

作者： Edwin I.Egbobawaye Nelly Omoruyi Abdulmutallib Aminu Robert Trentham Mohamed K.Zobaa Sumit Verma Kinder Morgan MidlandTX79705USA Department of Geosciences University of Texas Permian BasinOdessaTX79762USA

The Pennsylvanian unconformity,which is a detrital surface,separates the beds of the Permian-aged strata from the Lower Paleozoic in the Central Basin *** data interpretation indicates that the unconformity is an angular unconformity,overlying multiple normal faults,and accompanied with a thrust fault which maximizes the region's structural ***,the Pennsylvanian angular unconformity creates pinch-outs between the beds above and *** computed the spectral decomposition and reflector convergence attributes and analyzed them to characterize the angular unconformity and *** spectral decomposition attribute divides the broadband seismic data into different spectral bands to resolve thin beds and show thickness *** contrast,the reflector convergence attribute highlights the location and direction of the pinch-outs as they dip south at angles between 2and 6.After reviewing findings from RGB blending of the spectrally decomposed frequencies along the Pennsylvanian unconformity,we observed channel-like features and multiple linear bands in addition to the faults and *** can be inferred that the identified linear bands could be the result of different lithologies associated with the tilting of the beds,and the faults may possibly influence hydrocarbon migration or act as a flow barrier to entrap hydrocarbon *** identification of this angular unconformity and the associated features in the study area are vital for the following reasons:1)the unconformity surface represents a natural stratigraphic boundary;2)the stratigraphic pinch-outs act as fluid flow connectivity boundaries;3)the areal extent of compartmentalized reservoirs'boundaries created by the angular unconformity are better defined;and 4)fault displacements are better understood when planning well locations as faults can be flow barriers,or permeability conduits,depending on facies heterogeneity and/or seal effectiveness of a fault,which c

关键词： Pennsylvanian unconformity Seismic data interpretation Spectral decomposition Reflector convergence Reservoir characterization

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Seismic attribute and well-log analysis for channel characterization in the upper San Andres and Grayburg formations of the Midland Basin,texas

Energy Geoscience

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 263-278页

作者： Sumit Verma Esra Yalçın Yılmaz Laura Ortiz Sanguino Justin Yandell Miles A.Henderson Robert C.Trentham Department of Geosciences The University of Texas Permian BasinOdessaTXUSA School of Geosciences The University of OklahomaNormanOKUSA

The Permian Basin is one of the most prolific,and currently one of the most active,oil and gas basins in the *** Lower Permian strata in the Permian Basin have produced more than 14 billion barrels of oil(BBO),making it the largest volume of hydrocarbon in the *** in the Midland Basin during late Leonardian through early Guadalupian(ca.272e269 Ma)resulted in progradation of shelf edge and ultimately closure of the basin by Middle Permian *** analyzed a merged seismic survey covering parts of the Permian Basin(i.e.,Central Basin Platform and Midland Basin)in Andrews,Ector,and Midland Counties,*** seismic survey and well logs show the presence of gently dipping(ca.1°)clinoforms in the Upper San Andres and Grayburg Formations on the eastern edge of the Central Basin Platform and western Midland *** seismic attributes,curvature,and spectral decomposition identify low sinuosity slope channels oriented north-south,but such channels do not appear beyond the *** shelf edge shifts from north to south during deposition of the Upper San Andres and Grayburg *** identify five basinward shifts noted by the migration of the shelf edge toward the basin center and the presence of channel features along the depositional *** petrophysical analysis indicates that channels cut into carbonate rocks and are filled by siliciclastic sediments;this interpretation is supported by the most negative curvature anomalies along the channel axes caused by the differential compaction between the carbonate and siliciclastic *** are a few channels with a northwest-southeast strike,which matches the direction of the Concho Lineament observed by satellite *** observations are consistent with previous interpretations of the northern Midland Basin closure during Middle-Late Permian time.

关键词： Permian shelf carbonate

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Antimony, Arsenic and Thallium Bioaccumulation in Asiatic Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Transplanted along the Manadas Creek, Laredo, texas

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第4期15卷 379-400页

作者： Natasha Garcia Vaughan Thomas Alfred Addo-Mensah Department of Biology & Chemistry Texas A&M International University Laredo USA

Manadas Creek is an urban tributary of the Rio Grande that flows past a decommissioned antimony smelter and processing plant. This antimony plant is associated with heavy metal contamination in the creek and still poses a threat to the surrounding aquatic environment. Corbicula fluminea was used to determine bioaccumulation from the water column and sediments in Manadas Creek. The metals arsenic (As), antimony (Sb) and thallium (Tl) were analyzed in the water, sediments, gills, mantle, foot, digestive (DI) tract, gonads and shell of clams being monitored at eight sites between March and August 2013. Sediment, water, and dissected Corbicula fluminea samples from different sites in the Creek were acid-digested and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. High levels of antimony (25.88 ug/L;75.96 mg/kg) and arsenic (8.26 ug/L;6.41 mg/kg) in the water and sediments were observed at the site downstream from the smelter. There were no detectable concentrations of arsenic, antimony, or thallium in the shell of C. fluminea. Arsenic and antimony were detected in the tissues of C. fluminea but thallium was not detected. Based on the results, the organotropism for arsenic is DI tract > gills > gonads > foot > mantle > shell and the organotropism for antimony is gills > DI tract > gonads > mantle > foot > shell. This study shows that the Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea) is a useful bio-monitor to provide data on the status of metal pollution in Manadas Creek, Laredo, texas.

关键词： Biomarker Manadas Creek Rio Grande Heavy Metals Corbicula fluminea Biota Sediment Accumulation

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Gas Exchange Rates of texas Persimmon (Diospyros texana) in Central texas Woodlands

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 329-348页

作者： Matthew B. Grunstra Oscar W. Van Auken Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio TX USA

Diospyros texana (texas persimmon) is a secondary species in most Juniperus ashei/Quercus fusiformis woodlands in central texas. It has high density, but plants are mostly in the community understory. Light response curves at ambient and elevated levels of CO2 and temperature were measured for D. texana. The Anet (photosynthetic rate) increased significantly as both light level and CO2 levels increased but not temperature. The Amax (maximum photosynthetic rate) of D. texana in full sun at elevated levels of CO2 was increased for all treatments. Stomatal conductance increased with levels of CO2 but only if the interaction was removed from the model. Intercellular levels of CO2 increased with both temperature and CO2 treatments as did water use efficiency (WUE). Furthermore, light saturation (Lsat) increased with CO2 treatments and light compensation (Lcp) increased with temperature. The dark respiration (Rd) increased with both temperature and CO2 treatments. Markov population models suggested D. texana populations would remain ecologically similar in the future. However, sub-canopy light levels and herbivory should be considered when examining population projections. For example, Juniperus ashei juveniles are not recruited into any canopy unless there are high light levels. Herbivory reduces the success of Quercus juveniles from reaching the canopy. These factors do not seem to be a problem for D. texana juveniles which would allow them to reach the canopy without need of a high light gap and are not prevented by herbivory. Thus, Juniperus/Quercus woodlands will change in the future to woodlands with D. texana a more common species.

关键词： Replacement Dynamics Ecological Succession CO2 Concentrations Temperature Levels Photosynthetic Rates Drought Tolerance Herbivory Species Replacement Encroachment Juniper

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Evaluation of Human Impacts on Bartlett Pond Ecosystem, Laredo, Southern texas, USA, through Empirical Modeling

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第4期15卷 497-526页

作者： Maya P. Bhatt Amede Rubio Ganesh B. Malla Cristobal Lopez Virginia Morales Erick Vazquez Cano David Marquez Orlando Berumen Alvarez Alfred Addo-Mensah Department of Biology and Chemistry Texas A&M International University Laredo USA Department of Mathematics Computer Geology and Physics University of Cincinnati-Clermont College Batavia USA

The trace elements chemistry of Bartlett Pond, a small shallow wetland pond in Laredo, Southern texas, was sampled to evaluate the dynamics of trace elements impacts on water quality and ecosystems ecology of the pond. Two types of fish (bass and tilapia) were also sampled to see the trace element accumulation in different parts of their body. The concentrations of trace elements in water samples were found in the following order: Fe ≫Sb > Pb > As ≫Co > Tl > Cr > Cd within Bartlett Pond. Overall, the water quality of the pond is unacceptable for drinking and any other purposes as trace element concentrations (e.g. As, Cd, Co, Cr, Pb, Fe, Sb and Tl) are exceedingly higher (several fold) than the WHO and US EPA guidelines. Predictive and correlation analysis shows that most trace elements exhibit a strong positive correlation among them indicating the same anthropogenic sources and biogeochemical processes regulate these trace elements within the pond. Distributions of the trace elements in water exhibit different shapes mostly as positively skewed distribution for As, Cd, Co, Cr, and Tl, symmetrical distribution for Fe and almost symmetrical distribution for Pb and Sb. Concentrations of As, Co and Tl accumulated much higher in different parts of the Bass than Tilapia fish. The concentrations of As, Tl, Co, and Sb appeared significantly higher in different parts of the body of both Bass and Tilapia than the maximum SRM certified values. Accumulation of these contaminants in fish tissues pose increased health risks to humans who consume these contaminated fish although fishing is prohibited. Anthropogenic activities in the region primarily degrade the whole pond ecosystem ecology of the Bartlett Pond and waters of this pond to be not recommended for any use. These findings may be useful for the scientific community and concerned authorities to improve understanding about these precious natural resources and conservation of the ecosystem ecology.

关键词： Trace Elements Bartlett Pond Laredo Southern texas Wetlands Ecosystem Ecology

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Machine Learning and Statistical Analysis in Groundwater Monitoring for Total Dissolved Solids Assessment in Winkler County, texas

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第6期12卷 1-29页

作者： Azuka I. Udeh Osayamen J. Imarhiagbe Erepamo J. Omietimi Abdulqudus O. Mohammed Oluwatomilola Andre-Obayanju Department of Geoscience University of Texas Permian Basin Odessa USA Department of Geology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa Department of Geology University of Benin Benin Nigeria

This research aims to develop reliable models using machine learning algorithms to precisely predict Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in wells of the Permian basin, Winkler County, texas. The data for this contribution was obtained from the texas Water Development Board website (TWDB). Five hundred and ninety-three samples were obtained from two hundred and ninety-eight wells in the study area. The wells were drilled at different county locations into five aquifers, including Pecos Valley, Dockum, Capitan Reef, Edward Trinity, and Rustler aquifers. A total of fourteen different water quality parameters were used, and they include Potential hydrogen (pH), Sodium, Chloride, Magnesium, Fluoride, TDS, Specific Conductance, Nitrate, Total Hardness, Calcium, Temperature, Well Depth, Sulphate, and Bicarbonates. Four machine learning regression algorithms were developed to get a good model to help predict TDS in this area: Decision Tree regression, Linear regression, Support Vector Regression, and K-nearest neighbor. The study showed that the Decision Tree produced the best model with attributes like the coefficient of determination R2 = 1.00 and 0.96 for the training and testing, respectively. It also produced the lowest score of mean absolute error MAE = 0.00 and 0.04 for training and testing, respectively. This study will reduce the cost of obtaining different water quality parameters in TDS determination by leveraging machine learning to use only the parameters contributing to TDS, thereby helping researchers obtain only the parameters necessary for TDS prediction. It will also help the authorities enact policies that will improve the water quality in areas where drinking water availability is a challenge by providing important information for monitoring and assessing groundwater quality.

关键词： Machine Learning Regression Aquifers Winkler County Sinkholes

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Status of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 resistance in field populations of Helicoverpa zea in texas, USA

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Insect Science 2022年第2期29卷 487-495页

作者： JoséC.Santiago González David L.Kerns Graham P.Head Fei Yang Department of Entomology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA Bayer Crop Science St.LouisMissouriUSA

Helicoverpa zea is a major target pest of Bt corn and Bt ***-evolved resistance of *** to Cry1 and Cry2 proteins has been widely reported in the United *** the frequency of resistance alleles in a target insect is critical for Bt resistance *** multiple cases of practical resistance to Cry proteins having been documented in ***,there are no data on the current status of alleles conferring resistance to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 in field populations of this *** 2018‒2019,a total of 106 F2 families for Cry1Ac and 120 F2 families for Cry2Ab2 were established using mass mating and light trap *** screened 13,568 and 15,360 neonates using a discriminatory dose of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2,*** results showed that 93.4%and 35.0%of the F2 families could survive on the discriminatory dose of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2,*** estimated resistance allele frequency for Cry1Ac in *** ranged from 0.4150 to 0.4975 and for Cry2Ab2 ranged from 0.1097 and *** data indicate that the frequency of alleles conferring resistance to Cry1 and Cry2 proteins in *** in texas are *** addition,our data suggest the resistance to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 in the screened families of *** varies from recessive to *** information in this study provides precise estimates of Cry resistance allele frequencies in *** and increases our understanding of the risks to the sustainability of Bt crops.

关键词： allele frequency Bacillus thuringiensis CrylAc Cry2Ab2 Helicoverpa zea resistance

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Equitable bivalent booster allocation strategies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in US cities with large Hispanic communities:The case of El Paso County,texas

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第3期8卷 912-919页

作者： Francis Owusu-Dampare Anass Bouchnita Department of Mathematical Sciences The University of Texas at El PasoEl Paso79968TexasUnited States

COVID-19 is a disease that disproportionately impacts the Hispanic population,due to the prevalence of certain risk factors and the high number of essential workers in this *** this work,we analyze the vaccination strategies that would minimize the COVID-19 health disparities in El Paso County,TX,in the context of the emergence of a new highly transmissible and immune-escaping SARS-CoV-2 *** stratify an age-structure stochastic SEIR model that tracks the evolution of immunity derived from in-fections and vaccination according to Hispanic vs non-Hispanic ethnicity and parameterize it to the demographic,health and immunization data of El Paso County,*** fitting the model,the results show that increasing vaccination with bivalent boosters by five-fold in anticipation of highly transmissible and immune escaping variants would decrease the cumulative hospital admissions and mortality from Mar 1,2023,to Dec 31,2023,by 62.72%and 61.41%,***,our projections reveal that the disproportionate impact on the Hispanic community would be eliminated if approximately half of the doses that are given to the non-Hispanic group according to the equal distribution,would be re-allocated to the Hispanic *** findings can guide public health officials in US cities with large Hispanic communities and help them design vaccination strategies that minimize COVID-19 health disparities caused by emerging variants using specific vacci-nation strategies.

关键词： Mathematical modeling COVID-19 Hispanic health disparities Bivalent boosters

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texas Helimak

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Plasma Science and Technology 2008年第3期10卷 284-289页

作者： Kenneth W.GENTLE Fusion Research Center University of Texas at Austin Texas USA

Helimak is an experimental approximation to the ideal cylindrical slab, a onedimensional magnetized plasma with magnetic curvature and shear. The texas Helimak realizes this approximation to a large degree; the finite size of the device can be neglected for many phenomena. Specifically, the drift-wave turbulence characteristic of a slab is observed with scale lengths small compared with the device size. The device and the general features of its behavior are described here. The device is capable of studying drift-wave turbulence, scrape-off layer （SOL） turbulence, and the stabilization of turbulence by imposing velocity shear.

关键词： plasma turbulence drift waves particle transport turbulence suppression

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Round Top Mountain rhyolite(texas, USA), a massive, unique Y-bearing-fluorite-hosted heavy rare earth element(HREE) deposit

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Journal of Rare Earths 2014年第1期32卷 90-96页

作者： PINGITORE Nicholas CLAGUE Juan GORSKI Daniel Department of Geological Sciences The University of Texas at El Paso texas Rare Earth Resources

Round Top Mountain in Hudspeth County, west texas, USA is a surface-exposed rhyolite intrusion enriched in Y and heavy rare earth elements （HREEs）, as well as Nb, Ta, Be, Li, F, Sn, Rb, Th, and U. The massive tonnage, estimated at well over 1 billion tons, of the deposit makes it a target for recovery of valuable yttrium and HREEs （YHREEs）, and possibly other scarce ele-ments. Because of the extremely fine grain size of the mineralized rhyolite matrix, it has not been clear which minerals host the YHREEs and in what proportions. REE-bearing minerals reported in the deposit included bastn？site-Ce, Y-bearing fluorite, xeno-time-Y, zircon, aeschynite-Ce, a Ca-Th-Pb fluoride, and possibly ancylite-La and cerianite-Ce. Extended X-ray absorption fine struc-ture （EXAFS） indicated that virtually all of the yttrium, a proxy for the HREEs, resided in a coordination in the fluorite-type crystal structure, rather than those in the structures of bastn？site-Ce and xenotime-Y. The YREE grade of the Round Top deposit was just over 0.05%, with 72%of this consisting of YHREEs. This grade was in the range of the South China ionic clay deposits that supply essentially all of the world’s YHREEs. Because the host Y-bearing fluorite is soluble in dilute sulfuric acid at room temperature, a heap leaching of the deposit appeared feasible, aided by the fact that 90%-95%of the rock consists of unreactive and insoluble feld-spars and quartz. The absence of overburden, remarkable consistency of mineralization grade throughout the massive rhyolite, prox-imity （a few km） to a US interstate highway, major rail systems and gas and electricity, temperate climate, and stable political location in the world’s largest economy all enhanced the potential economic appeal of Round Top.

关键词： heavy rare earth elements yttrium-beating fluorite yttrofluorite heap leaching rhyolite Round Top deposit

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