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Internal dynamics of magma ocean and its linkage to atmospheres

Acta Geochimica 2022年第4期41卷 568-591页

作者： Yizhuo Zhang Nan Zhang Meng Tian Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China Earth Dynamics research group School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin UniversityBentley6102WAAustralia Center for Space and Habitability Universität BernGesellschaftsstrasse 63012BernSwitzerland

Geological and astronomical observations on the‘‘lava world’’of the rocky planet,with additional theoretical interpretation of Moon’s crustal formation,bring up to the occurrence of the magma ocean and lava ponds,which inherits accretion energy of rocky planetesimal and evolves with subsequent energy *** or global oceans of silicate melt could be a widespread lava phase after rocky planet accretion as well as large impact and could persist on planets on orbits around other stars for various time *** processes of magma ocean formation and solidification change the phases,cause element segregations,and strongly affect the earliest compositional differentiation and volatile content of the terrestrial *** form the starting point for cooling to mildly habitable conditions and for the onset of thermally driven solid-state mantle *** formation and crystallization of magma oceans also influence the assembly of a core,the origin of a crust,initiation of tectonics,and formation of an *** is inevitable to investigate the magma ocean dynamics of such an early period of Earth *** review focuses on the internal dynamics of magma oceans after planetesimal accretion and planetary formation including turbulence,particle motion,and solid-state convection,which determine the associated processes of cooling,crystallization,and convection of magma *** differentiation is discussed *** thermodynamics of equilibration between a magma ocean and an overlying,outgassed atmosphere is also discussed,highlighting the need for more data on volatile solubility in silicate *** effect of coupling between magma ocean and solid-state mantle convection is also discussed.

关键词： Magma ocean Early atmosphere Internal dynamics

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Spatial isolation and genetic differentiation in naturally fragmented plant populations of the Swiss Alps

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Journal of Plant ecology 2008年第3期1卷 149-159页

作者： Patrick Kuss AndreaRPluess Hafdı´s HannaÆgisdottir Jurg Stocklin Institute of Botany University of BaselSchonbeinstrasse 6CH-4056BaselSwitzerland Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain21CH-3013BernSwitzerland Institute for terrestrial Ecosystems Ecosystem ManagementETH ZurichUniversitatstrasse 168092 ZurichSwitzerland

The effect of anthropogenic landscape fragmentation on the genetic diversity and adaptive potential of plant populations is a major issue in conservation ***,little is known about the partitioning of genetic diversity in alpine species,which occur in naturally fragmented ***,we investigate molecular patterns of three alpine plants(Epilobium fleischeri,Geum reptans and Campanula thyrsoides)across Switzerland and ask whether spatial isolation has led to high levels of population differentiation,increasing over distance,and a decrease of within-population *** further hypothesize that the contrasting potential for long-distance dispersal(LDD)of seed in these species will considerably influence and explain diversity *** For each study species,we sampled 20–23 individuals from each of 20–32 populations across entire *** applied Random Amplified Polymorphic Dimorphism markers to assess genetic diversity within(Nei’s expected heterozygosity,He;percentage of polymorphic bands,Pp)and among(analysis of molecular variance,Ust)populations and correlated population size and altitude with within-population *** patterns of genetic relatedness were investigated using Mantel tests and standardized major axis regression as well as unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean cluster analyses and Monmonier’s *** avoid known biases,we standardized the numbers of populations,individuals and markers using multiple random *** modelled LDD with a high alpine wind data set using the terminal velocity and height of seed release as key ***,we assessed a number of important life-history traits and factors that potentially influence genetic diversity partitioning(*** system,longevity and population size).Important findings For all three species,we found a significant isolation-by-distance relationship but only a moderately high differentiation among populations(Ust:22.7

关键词： Campanula thyrsoides Epilobium fleischeri Geum reptans isolation by distance molecular diversity

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Paliurus(Paliureae,Rhamnaceae) from the Miocene of East China and its Macrofossil-based Phylogenetic and Phytogeographical History

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第5期88卷 1364-1377页

作者： LI Xiangchuan WANG Haofei LENG Qin XIAO Liang GUO Junfeng HE Wenlong College of Earth Sciences and Resources & Key Laboratory of Western Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering of the Ministry of Education Chang'an University School of Earth Sciences & Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources of Western China Lanzhou University Laboratory of terrestrial Environments Department of Science and TechnologyCollege of Arts and SciencesBryant UniversitySmithfieldRI 02917USA College of Geology and Environment Xian University of Science and Technology

The extant genus Paliurus Miller is divided into P. ramosissimus and P. spina-christi groups and is diagnostically characterized by distinctive orbicular-winged fruits with a trilocular （or often bilocular） ovary and basally triveined leaves with a subentire to serrate margin. Here, structurally preserved winged fruits and associated compressed leaves of Paliurus （Paliureae, Rhamnaceae） are reported from the Middle-Upper Miocene Shengxian Formation of Tiantai, Zhejiang, eastern China. The fruits can be identified as Paliurus microcarpa Xiang-Chuan Lisp. nov., the diagnostic characters of external morphology and anatomy of which differ from those of both extant and fossil generic members; the leaves can be designated as Paliurus sp. The species based on winged fruits, P. microcarpa, might represent an ancient intermediate link exclusively known across the P. ramosissimus and P. spina-christi groups, showing a closer affinity to the P. ramosissimus group based on the resemblant smaller fruits with a narrower wing, and to the P. spina-christi group based on the similar wing structure and texture, respectively. Morphological analyses of the present and previous fossil fruit records around the world indicate that diversification of Paliurus had begun in northern transpacific regions by the Late Eocene. The macrofossil records, i.e., fruits and leaves of Paliurus globally when projected on paleoenvironmental maps in view of changing continental positions through time （from Eocene to Miocene） display that the past distribution of the genus was much wider than the present and belongs to a tropical and warm temperate realm of the Northern Hemisphere. Therefore, the modern restricted disjunction in tropical and warm temperate regions of East Asia and South Europe （even eastwards West Asia） might represent glacial refugia for some of the generic ancient lineages to survive severe cold at least since the terminal Pliocene.

关键词： paleobotany systematics Paliurus microcarpa winged fruit phytogeography Middle-LateMiocene Zhejiang Province

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Seasonal variation and host sex affect bat–bat fly interaction networks in the Amazonian savannahs

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 400-416页

作者： Paulo MEJIA Gustavo Lima URBIETA Bruna da Silva XAVIER IsaíJorge de CASTRO JoséJúlio DE TOLEDO Gustavo GRACIOLLI Lucio AndréVIANA DIAS William Douglas CARVALHO Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical Universidade Federal do Amapá(UNIFAP)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Instituto de BiologiaCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Laboratório de Mamíferos Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá(IEPA)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal Laboratório de SistemáticaEcologia e Evolução(LSEE)Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo GrandeMTBrazil terrestrial ecology group(TEG-UAM) Departamento de EcologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain

Bats are the second-most diverse group of mammals in the world,and bat flies are their main ***,significant knowledge gaps remain regarding these antagonistic interactions,especially since diverse factors such as seasonality and host sex can affect their network ***,we explore the influence of such factors by comparing species richness and composition of bat flies on host bats,as well as specialization and modularity of bat–bat fly interaction networks between seasons and adult host *** captured bats and collected their ectoparasitic flies at 10 sampling sites in the savannahs of AmapáState,northeastern region of the Brazilian *** female bats being more parasitized and recording greater bat fly species richness in the wet season,neither relationship was statistically *** pooled network could be divided into 15 compartments with 54 links,and all subnetworks comprised>12 *** total number of links ranged from 27 to 48(for the dry and wet seasons,respectively),and female and male subnetworks had 44 and 41 links,*** values were very low for the pooled network and for all *** results revealed higher bat fly species richness and abundance in the wet season,whereas specialization and modularity were higher in the dry ***,the subnetwork for female bats displayed higher specialization and modularity than the male ***,both seasonality and host sex contribute in different ways to bat–bat fly network *** studies should consider these factors when evaluating bat–bat fly interaction networks.

关键词： Amapá Amazon biome bat flies bats interaction networks

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Overview of priorities,threats,and challenges to biodiversity conservation in the southern Philippines

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Regional Sustainability 2023年第2期4卷 203-213页

作者： Angelo Rellama AGDUMA Francisco Gil GARCIA Ma.Teodora CABASAN Jonald PIMENTEL Renee Jane ELE Meriam RUBIO Sedra MURRAY Bona Abigail HILARIO-HUSAIN Kier Celestial Dela CRUZ Sumaira ABDULLAH Shiela Mae BALASE Krizler Cejuela TANALGO ecology and Conservation research Laboratory Department of Biological SciencesCollege of Science and MathematicsUniversity of Southern MindanaoCotabatoKabacan9407the Philippines Mindanao Open Biodiversity Information Project(MOBIOS+) c/o Ecology and Conservation Research LaboratoryDepartment of Biological SciencesCollege of Science and MathematicsUniversity of Southern MindanaoCotabatoKabacan9407the Philippines Department of Biological Sciences College of Science and MathematicsUniversity of Southern MindanaoCotabatoKabacan9407the Philippines State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresources Guangxi UniversityNanning530004China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest ecology and Conservation College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China Department of Agricultural Economics College of BusinessDevelopment Economics and ManagementUniversity of Southern MindanaoCotabatoKabacan 9407the Philippines Department of Mathematics and Statistics College of Science and MathematicsUniversity of Southern MindanaoCotabatoKabacan9407the Philippines Practical Genomics La boratory Department of BiologyCollege of ScienceDe La Salle University-ManilaManila1004the Philippines

Human activities have severely impacted on many species and ***,understanding the local biodiversity situation is crucial for implementing effective biodiversity conservation *** in the southern Philippines is home to various unique species,particularly in its pristine ***,the available biodiversity data for many terrestrial vertebrates and key areas remain *** address this issue,we synthesized published literature related to biodiversity from 2000 to 2022 in ***,this analysis used four key terrestrial vertebrates(amphibians,reptiles,birds,and mammals)in Mindanao as research *** to our findings,there was a significant and positive correlation between the number of biodiversity studies and species *** terms of species richness,birds were the most recorded group(n=334 spp.),followed by reptiles(n=108 spp.),mammals(n=70 spp.),and amphibians(n=52 spp.).We also found that the number of endemic and threatened species varies geographically and across taxonomic ***,we discovered a significant disparity in the information available on biodiversity in different provinces of *** example,the western provinces of Mindanao have had no record of biodiversity for more than two ***,we found that the changes in tree cover loss were consistent with biodiversity records,but this correlation is only significant for ***,we highlighted some critical threats and challenges to biodiversity,including deforestation,agricultural expansion,mining,and their impact on biodiversity conservation in *** findings suggested that biodiversity conservation should focus not only on areas with high levels of biodiversity but also on areas lacking biodiversity *** do this,we call for strengthening collaboration among various institutions and digitizing and centralizing of information related to *** gaining a deeper understanding of biodiversit

关键词： Biodiversity conservation Tree cover loss Mindanao terrestrial vertebrates Endemic and threatened species

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Recent progress in MHD simulations of the solar-terrestrial connection

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2015年第12期58卷 2212-2213页

作者： FENG XueShang ZUO PingBing SIGMA Weather group State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of Sciences

In recent years,considerable efforts on Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)simulation have been made to better understand the solar-terrestrial connection,*** propagation and evolution of solar wind and solar storm as well as their effects on terrestrial *** paper briefly reviews these works based on the selected publications during 2013–2014 that cover the solar and solar wind model,solar windMoon interaction model,solar wind-magnetosphere coupling model,and magnetospheric model,etc.

关键词： MHD数值模拟太阳风暴地球系统连线磁流体动力学交互模型耦合模型太阳能

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Improvements of a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model and Simulations of Carbon and Water at an Upland-Oak Forest

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2007年第2期24卷 311-322页

作者：毛嘉富王斌戴永久 F.I.WOODWARD P.J.HANSON M.R.LOMAS State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Geography Beijing Normal University Centre for terrestrial Carbon Dynamics and Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield UK Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory P.O.Box 2008Oak RidgeTennessee 37831-6422US

The interest in the development and improvement of dynamic global vegetation models （DGVMs）, which have the potential to simulate fluxes of carbon, water and nitrogen, along with changes in the vegetation dynamics, within an integrated system, has been increasing. In this paper, some numerical schemes and a higher resolution soil texture dataset were employed to improve the Sheffield Dynamic Global Vegetation Model （SDGVM）. Using eddy covariance-based measurements, we then tested the standard version of the SDGVM and the modified version of the SDGVM. Detailed observations of daily carbon and water fluxes made at the upland oak forest on the Walker Branch Watershed in Tennessee, USA offered a unique opportunity for these comparisons. The results revealed that the modified version of the SDGVM did a reasonable job of simulating the carbon and water flux and the variation of soil water content （SWC）. However, at the end of the growing season, it failed to simulate the effect of the limitations on the soil respiration dynamics and as a result underestimated this respiration. It was also noted that the modified version overestimated the increase in the SWC following summer rainfall, which was attributed to an inadequate representation of the ground water and thermal cycle.

关键词： dynamic global vegetation models terrestrial carbon and water fluxes Eddy covariance calibration

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中国东部平原湖区现代沉积植物DNA的保存及其与土地利用的关系

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第四纪研究 2024年

作者：吴铠李凯林琪贾伟瀚葛亚汶 Kathleen R.Stoof-Leichsenring Ulrike Herzschuh 倪健浙江师范大学生命科学学院中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 Polar terrestrial Environmental Systems research group Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Institute of Environmental Science and Geography University of Potsdam 河北师范大学资源与环境科学学院 Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam

东部平原湖区湖泊众多,但普遍面临富营养化和流域植被破坏问题,使其成为现代生态保护和探究人类活动对湖泊生态系统干扰研究的热点地区。湖泊沉积DNA技术近年来开始被用于湖泊水生植物调查以及流域植被重建等工作,但是该技术在我国东部... 详细信息

东部平原湖区湖泊众多,但普遍面临富营养化和流域植被破坏问题,使其成为现代生态保护和探究人类活动对湖泊生态系统干扰研究的热点地区。湖泊沉积DNA技术近年来开始被用于湖泊水生植物调查以及流域植被重建等工作,但是该技术在我国东部平原湖区的适用性以及植物DNA信号与湖周及流域植被的关系,有待于进一步评估。本研究选择东部平原湖区的22个湖泊为研究对象,利用植物DNA宏条形码技术使用通用植物引物trnL g-h对湖泊表层沉积物中的植物DNA进行扩增并进行高通量测序,结合湖泊形态特征、水体及沉积物理化参数以及湖泊周边土地利用类型等,揭示不同湖泊沉积物中植物DNA保存丰富度的差异及其影响因素,探讨了陆生植物DNA对植被的代表性。结果表明,植物DNA宏条形码共记录230个类群,其中28%的序列可以鉴定至种水平,在分类学分辨率以及鉴定效率上沉积植物DNA相较于花粉分析具有一定优势。与花粉检测的区域性植被信号不同,湖泊沉积植物DNA反映的是局地或者湖泊周边植被组成,可对湖周森林、农田以及建筑用地中的优势植物信号进行区分,凸显了沉积植物DNA在东部平原湖区进行局地植被重建中的适用性。此外,年均降水量以及流域下垫面性质对陆生沉积植物DNA丰度具有重要影响,同时年均温也是影响沉积植物DNA保存的重要因素。综上,在东部平原湖区,湖泊沉积植物DNA技术可为揭示长期人类活动影响下的局地植被组成变化提供支持,但这同样依赖于对湖泊沉积植物DNA现代过程的进一步研究和理解。

关键词：沉积物DNA 植物DNA 宏条形码土地利用类型东部平原湖区

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湖泊沉积植物DNA宏条形码技术在青藏高原植被调查中的应用

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中国科学：地球科学 2024年第11期54卷 3629-3646页

作者：吴铠李凯贾伟瀚 Kathleen RSTOOF-LEICHSENRING Ulrike HERZSCHUH 倪健廖梦娜田芳浙江师范大学生命科学学院金华321004 Polar terrestrial Environmental Systems research group Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchPotsdam 14473Germany Institute of Environmental Science and Geography University of PotsdamPotsdam 14476Germany Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamPotsdam 14476Germany 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院北京100048

得益于环境DNA技术的快速发展,沉积DNA(sedDNA)正在成为偏远地区植被监测和调查的便捷方法,并具有较大的发展潜力.青藏高原气候环境条件恶劣,同时小型湖泊众多,利用sedDNA进行植被调查不仅有助于了解高原现代植被状况,也是进行高原古植... 详细信息

得益于环境DNA技术的快速发展,沉积DNA(sedDNA)正在成为偏远地区植被监测和调查的便捷方法,并具有较大的发展潜力.青藏高原气候环境条件恶劣,同时小型湖泊众多,利用sedDNA进行植被调查不仅有助于了解高原现代植被状况,也是进行高原古植被重建的潜在需求.本研究以中国青藏高原西南部59个泡子/湖泊表层沉积物为研究对象,使用通用植物引物g-h扩增叶绿体trnL(UAA)内含子P6环区,获取了sedDNA中的植物组成信息,并将其与野外植被调查记录和沉积物花粉数据进行对比分析,探讨了基于沉积物的植物DNA宏条形码技术在青藏高原地区现代植被监测和古植被重建中的适用性和局限性.研究结果表明,植物DNA宏条形码信号共记录了186个陆生植物类群,其中30.1%的序列可以鉴定到种水平.植物sedDNA方法可以揭示调查地点周围的主要植物类群(包括菊科、莎草科和禾本科)以及重要植被组合.植物sedDNA的类群数量和分类学分辨率均超过花粉分析(75个类群,其中5.3%的类群可以鉴定到种水平).与花粉保留大量的区域植物信号(包括松属和蒿属)不同,植物sedDNA反映了高度局地的植物信号,凸显了植物sedDNA在局地植被监测和重建中的重要性.综上所述,(小型)湖泊植物sedDNA宏条形码研究在未来的青藏高原区域植被监测和重建中值得更多的关注.

关键词：沉积DNA 宏条形码花粉植被组成青藏高原

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嗜热和非嗜热Crenarchaeota的生物多样性及演化意义

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高校地质学报 2005年第2期11卷 207-216页

作者：黄志勇王意敏张传伦 Savannah River ecology Laboratory University of Georgia Aiken SC 298032 USA

Crenarchaeota,Euryarchaeata和Korarchaeota组成古菌中3个领域。Euryarchaeota是原核生物中重要的种群,得到了很好的研究,而Crenarchaeota和Korarchaeota直到最近才逐渐受到关注。古菌的生态和演化研究都属于Crenarchaeota领域。一个很重要的观点就是Crenarchaeota的所有独立种群都是极端嗜热的,非嗜热Crenarchaeota目前为止还没有分离出来。嗜热Crenarchaeota主要是在深海热烟囱和陆地热泉中发现的,特征是高温(>80℃)和低pH值(<6)。多种嗜热Crenarchaeota化能自养可以利用还原性无机化合物,例如H2和还原性硫。这个特性连同生命树群的深入分支说明生命最后共同的祖先可能是在热液体系中的嗜热自养生物。非嗜热Crenarchaeota和嗜热Crenarchaeota有很近似的系统关系。尽管一般情况下非嗜热Crenarchaeota是不可以培养的,但是其对敞开体系海相、陆相土壤、湖泊和地下的中低温环境的适应性日益增强。这主要取决于独立培养分子学技术的发展,例如16SrRNA基因序列。此外,海洋和土壤中非嗜热Crenarchaeota的研究还表明,非嗜热Crenarchaeota确定组成在碳循环的生物地球化学循环中起着非常重要的作用。

关键词：嗜热非嗜热 Crenarchaeota 生物演化生物多样性

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