检索结果-南通市图书馆

Mycorrhizal fungi mitigate nitrogen losses of an experimental grassland by facilitating plant uptake and soil microbial immobilization

引用

Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 399-410页

作者： Yangyang JIA Marcel G.A.VAN DER HEIJDEN Alain Y.VALZANO-HELD Markus JOCHER Florian WALDER Postdoctoral Mobile Station of ecology College of Ecology and EnvironmentXinjiang University research group Plant-Soil Interactions Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Zürich research group Climate and Agriculture 5. research group Soil Quality and Soil Use

Nitrogen(N) is one of the most limited nutrients of terrestrial ecosystems, whose losses are prevented in tightly coupled cycles in finely tuned systems.Global change-induced N enrichment through atmospheric deposition and application of vast amounts of fertilizer are now challenging the terrestrial N cycle.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) are known drivers of plant-soil nutrient fluxes, but a comprehensive assessment of AMF involvement in N cycling under global change is still lacking. Here, we simulated N enrichment by fertilization(low/high) in experimental grassland microcosms under greenhouse conditions in the presence or absence of AMF and continuously monitored different N pathways over nine months. We found that high N enrichment by fertilization decreased the relative abundance of legumes and the plant species dominating the plant community changed from grasses to forbs in the presence of AMF, based on aboveground biomass. The presence of AMF always maintained plant N:phosphorus(P) ratios between 14 and 16, no matter how the soil N availability changed. Shifts in plant N:P ratios due to the increased plant N and P uptake might thus be a primary pathway of AMF altering plant community composition. Furthermore, we constructed a comprehensive picture of AMF’s role in N cycling, highlighting that AMF reduced N losses primarily by mitigating N leaching, while N2O emissions played a marginal role. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduced N2O emissions directly through the promotion of N2O-consuming denitrifiers. The underlying mechanism for reducing N leaching is mainly the AMF-mediated improved nutrient uptake and AMF-associated microbial immobilization. Our results indicate that synergies between AMF and other soil microorganisms cannot be ignored in N cycling and that the integral role of AMF in N cycling terrestrial ecosystems can buffer the upcoming global changes.

关键词： N cycling N enrichment N uptake N:P ratio plant community structure symbiotic soil fungi

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Selecting the best:Interspecific and age-related diet differences among sympatric steppe passerines

引用

Avian research 2023年第4期14卷 611-622页

作者： Julia Zurdo Paula Gomez-Lopez Adrian Barrero Daniel Bustillo-de la Rosa Julia Gomez-Catasús Margarita Reverter Cristian Perez-Granados Manuel B.Morales Juan Traba terrestrial ecology group Department of EcologyUniversidad Autonoma de Madrid(TEG-UAM)MadridSpain Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidady Cambio Global Universidad Autonoma de Madrid(CIBC-UAM)MadridSpain ecology Department/IMEM“Ramon Margalef” Universidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain

Parental food provisioning is crucial for the growth and survival of offspring.Growth rate depends on food quality and food supplied to offspring may differ from what adults use for their own.In the case of steppe passerine birds,detailed characterization on nestling dietary composition,as well as prey choice and resource partitioning among species,is a pending subject.Dietary differences between nestlings and adults remain also largely unexplored.By using faecal DNA metabarcoding,we described the diet of nestlings and adults of five shrub-steppe passerine species over the 2017–2019 breeding seasons in central Spain.We also monitored arthropod availability in the field to assess dietary selection.We expected interspecific dietary differences to limit competition for food resources among sympatric species,as well as parental selection of high quality prey for nestlings.We also predicted age-related differences,with nestlings being fed nutrient-rich prey more frequently than adults.The main arthropod orders provisioned to nestlings were Orthoptera,Julida,Araneae and Lepidoptera.Nestlings of the different species showed high interspecific diet overlap,indicating both a coincidence in growth needs among bird species and no or little limitation of the most profitable resources during the breeding season.Adults of all species showed higher diet richness than nestlings,and age-related differences in prey composition were mainly driven by the selection of the most easily digestible,larger protein-and calcium-rich prey for nestlings,which may favour their rapid growth,and avoiding highly sclerotized and less nutritional prey such as ants.Our study sheds light on the basic ecology and conservation of these declining steppe birds,indicating that interspecific competition may not be a major factor during the breeding season.Given the current global decline of arthropods,further long-term research would be necessary,along with the implementation of effective conservation measures that ensure a sufficient availability of resou

关键词： 18S Faecal material Nestling diet Prey choice Resource partitioning

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Functional group richness increases multifunctionality in intensively managed grasslands

引用

Grassland research 2023年第3期2卷 225-240页

作者： Laura Argens Caroline Brophy Wolfgang W.Weisser Sebastian Meyer Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Department for Life Science SystemsSchool of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany School of Computer Science and Statistics Trinity College DublinDublinIreland

Background:Agricultural yields have increased continuously over the last few decades.However,a focus solely on production can harm the environment.Diversification of agriculture has been suggested to increase production and sustainability.Biodiversity experiments showed positive effects on ecosystems and productivity.However,application of these results to intensively managed grasslands has been questioned due to differences in plant species and management regimes.research on whether diversity can benefit multifunctionality,that is,an integrated index of multiple ecosystem functions,under intensive management,is still scarce.Methods:To address this,we manipulated plant species richness from one to six species spanning three functional groups(legumes,herbs,and grasses)in intensively managed multispecies grassland leys and examined seven ecosystem functions.Results:We found that multifunctionality increased with functional group and species richness.Legume+herb mixtures showed high multifunctionality,while grass monocultures and mixtures with high proportions of grasses had low multifunctionality.Different plant species and plant communities drove different ecosystem functions.Legumes and herbs improved productivity and water availability,while grasses enhanced invasion resistance.These results indicate that multifunctionality and individual ecosystem functions can be promoted through targeted combinations of plants with complementary ecological traits.Conclusions:Plant diversity can improve multifunctionality also under intensive management,potentially benefitting agroeconomics and sustainability.

关键词： biodiversity ecosystem functions intensively managed grassland Legacy Network(LegacyNet) multifunctionality

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frugivory and seed dispersal in the Galápagos:what is the state of the art?

引用

Integrative Zoology 2011年第2期6卷 110-129页

作者： Ruben HELENO Stephen BLAKE Patricia JARAMILLO Anna TRAVESET Pablo VARGAS Manuel NOGALES Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies(CSIC-UIB) Terrestrial Ecology GroupMallorcaBalearic Islands Royal Botanical Garden Madrid(CSIC-RJB) Madrid Island ecology and Evolution research group(CSIC-IPNA) TenerifeCanary IslandsSpain Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Vogelwarte RadolfzellRadolfzellGermany Charles Darwin Foundation Puerto AyoraSanta CruzGalapagosQuitoEcuador

The Galápagos are considered a model oceanic archipelago,with unique flora and fauna currently threatened by alien invasive species.Seed dispersal is an important ecosystem function with consequences for plant population dynamics and vegetation structure.Hence,understanding the seed dispersal abilities of the assemblages of frugivores will inform scientists and managers of the dynamics of plant invasions and improve management planning.Here we provide the first comprehensive review of published information on frugivory and animal seed dispersal in the Galápagos.We collected data from a variety of sources,including notes of the first naturalist expeditions,gray literature available only in Galápagos collections,and peer-reviewed journal articles.Plant–animal frugivorous interactions were retrieved from 43 studies and compiled into an interaction matrix describing 366 unique interactions.Most studies focused on fruit consumption as a driving force for natural selection,but seed fate was seldom considered.Although most(71%)of the interactions involved native plants,more than one-quarter(28%)involved introduced species.Interactions involving birds are considerably more common than those of reptiles and mammals,probably reflecting a research bias towards birds.Despite the historical importance of the archipelago as the laboratory for evolutionary and ecological research,understanding of its seed dispersal systems is limited.We end the review by suggesting 3 priority areas of research on frugivory and seed dispersal in the Galápagos:(i)target research to close knowledge gaps;(ii)the use of a network approach to frame seed dispersal at the community level;and(iii)evaluation of the effect of seed dispersal as a selective pressure acting upon plants and frugivores.Finally,the output of this research has to be properly delivered to the Galápagos National Park Services to help increase management effectiveness.

关键词： conservation planning oceanic islands plant invasions plant-animal interaction seed predation

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Double-brooding and annual breeding success of great tits in urban and forest habitats

引用

Current Zoology 2022年第5期68卷 517-525页

作者： Boglárka Bukor Gábor Seress Ivett Pipoly Krisztina Sándor Csenge Sinkovics ErnőVincze András Liker Behavioral ecology research group Center for Natural SciencesUniversity of PannoniaVeszprém H-8200Hungary MTA-PE Evolutionary ecology research group University of PannoniaVeszprém H-8200Hungary MTA-ELTE Comparative Ethology research group BudapestHungary Department of Biology Theoretical Population Ecology and Evolution GroupLund UniversityLundSweden

Urban areas differ from natural habitats in several environmental features that influence the characteristics of animals living there.For example,birds often start breeding seasonally earlier and fledge fewer offspring per brood in cities than in natural habitats.However,longer breeding seasons in cities may increase the frequency of double-brooding in urban compared with nonurban populations,thus potentially increasing urban birds’annual reproductive output and resulting in lower habitat difference in reproductive success than estimated by studies focusing on first clutches only.In this study,we investigated 2 urban and 2 forests great tit Parus major populations from 2013 to 2019.We compared the probability of double-brooding and the total number of annually fledged chicks per female between urban and forest habitats,while controlling for the effects of potentially confounding variables.There was a trend for a higher probability of double-brooding in urban(44%of females)than in forest populations(36%),although this was not consistent between the 2 urban sites.Females produced significantly fewer fledglings annually in the cities than in the forest sites,and this difference was present both within single-and double-brooded females.Furthermore,double-brooded urban females produced a similar number of fledglings per season as single-brooded forest females.These results indicate that double-brooding increases the reproductive success of female great tits in both habitats,but urban females cannot effectively compensate in this way for their lower reproductive output per brood.However,other mechanisms like increased post-fledging survival can mitigate habitat differences in reproductive success.

关键词： annual reproductive success habitat differences population self-sustainability second brood urban conservation

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Urbanization reduces resource use efficiency of phytoplankton community by altering the environment and decreasing biodiversity

引用

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第2期34卷 140-151页

作者： Yigang Yang Huihuang Chen Mamun Abdullah Al Jean Claude Ndayishimiye Jun R Yang Alain Isabwe Anqi Luo Jun Yang Aquatic EcoHealth group Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed EcologyKey Laboratory of Urban Environment and HealthInstitute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Engineering research Center of ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland(Ministry of Education) College of AgricultureYangtze UniversityJingzhou 434025China

Urbanization often exerts multiple effects on aquatic and terrestrial organisms,including changes in biodiversity,species composition and ecosystem functions.However,the impacts of urbanization on river phytoplankton in subtropical urbanizing watersheds remain largely unknown.Here,we explored the effects of urbanization on phytoplankton community structure(i.e.,biomass,community composition and diversity)and function(i.e.,resource use efficiency)in a subtropical river at watershed scale in southeast China over 6 years.A total of 318 phytoplankton species belonging into 120 genera and 7 phyla were identified from 108 samples.Bacillariophyta biomass showed an increasing trend with increasing urbanization level.The phytoplankton community shifted from Chlorophyta dominance in rural upstream waters to Bacillariophyta dominance in urbanized downstream waters.Furthermore,phytoplankton diversity and resource use efficiency(RUE=phytoplankton biomass/total phosphorus)were significantly decreased with increasing urbanization level from upstream to downstream.Phytoplankton RUE exhibited a significant positive correlation with species richness,but a negative correlation with phytoplankton evenness.The variation in environmental factors(turbidity,total nitrogen,NH_(4)^(+)-N,total phosphorus,PO_(4)^(3-)-P and percentage urbanized area)was significantly correlated with phytoplankton diversity and RUE.Overall,our results revealed the influence of urbanization on phytoplankton community structure and ecosystem function was due to its altering the environmental conditions.Therefore,human-driven urbanization may play crucial roles in shaping the structure and function of phytoplankton communities in subtropical rivers,and the mechanism of this process can provide important information for freshwater sustainable uses,watershed management and conservation.

关键词： Plankton Community functioning Subtropical river Urbanization gradient Land use Watershed ecology

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Growth substrates alter aboveground plant microbial and metabolic properties thereby influencing insect herbivore performance

引用

Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第8期66卷 1728-1741页

作者： Jun Yuan Tao Wen Shengdie Yang Chao Zhang Mengli Zhao Guoqing Niu Penghao Xie Xiaoyu Liu Xinyuan Zhao Qirong Shen T.Martijn Bezemer The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste UtilizationJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic WastesEducational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizersNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Institute of Biology Above-Belowground Interactions groupLeiden UniversityP.O.Box 95052300 RA LeidenThe Netherlands Department of terrestrial ecology Netherlands Institute of EcologyP.O.Box 506700 AB WageningenThe Netherlands

The gut microbiome of plant-eaters is affected by the food they eat,but it is currently unclear how the plant metabolome and microbiome are influenced by the substrate the plant grows in and how this subsequently impacts the feeding behavior and gut microbiomes of insect herbivores.Here,we use Plutella xylostella caterpillars and show that the larvae prefer leaves of cabbage plants growing in a vermiculite substrate to those from plants growing in conventional soil systems.From a plant metabolomics analysis,we identified 20 plant metabolites that were related to caterpillar feeding performance.In a bioassay,the effects of these plant metabolites on insects'feeding were tested.Nitrate and compounds enriched with leaves of soilless cultivation promoted the feeding of insects,while compounds enriched with leaves of plants growing in natural soil decreased feeding.Several microbial groups(e.g.,Sporolactobacillus,Haliangium)detected inside the plant correlated with caterpillar feeding performance and other microbial groups,such as Ramlibacter and Methylophilus,correlated with the gut microbiome.Our results highlight the role of growth substrates on the food metabolome and microbiome and on the feeding performance and the gut microbiome of plant feeders.It illustrates how belowground factors can influence the aboveground properties of plant-animal systems,which has important implications for plant growth and pest control.

关键词： cultivation pattern gut microbiome herbivory leaf microbiome leaf metabolome

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Application of heat shock protein expression for detecting natural adaptation and exposure to stress in natural populations

引用

Current Zoology 2010年第6期56卷 703-713页

作者： Jesper Givskov SφRENSEN National Environmental research Institute Aarhus UniversityDepartment of Terrestrial Ecology

Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) play an undisputed role for maintaining cellular functioning under environmental challengesand protein denaturing conditions. Compelling evidence points to an evolutionary important role of HSPs and a strict evolutionarycontrol of these proteins as a balance between benefits and costs. While there is a great potential for using HSP expressionfor detecting natural adaptation and exposure to stress in natural populations, some obstacles and key issues await investigation.From an ecological perspective these key issues needs to be resolved in order to fully appreciate the complex responses andadaptations to stress and to increase our understanding of HSPs and other molecular chaperones for stress adaptation and potentialuse as biomarkers. Here, the current knowledge and understanding of HSPs is reviewed and a number of key issues including theinterpretation of elevated HSP levels, the complications of extrapolating between laboratory and field conditions, the effects ofchoice of traits and methodology and the larger intra-and extracellular networks of interactions that HSPs participate in are

关键词：热休克蛋白自然种群蛋白表达检测蛋白质变性应用曝光蛋白相互作用

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Physiological strategies in wild rodents:immune defenses of commensal rats

引用

Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 350-370页

作者： Ivana MIRKOV Dina TUCOVIC Jelena KULAS Anastasija MALESEVIC Dragan KATARANOVSKI Milena KATARANOVSKI Aleksandra POPOV ALEKSANDROV Immunotoxicology group Department of EcologyInstitute for Biological Research“Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of SerbiaUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia

The importance of issues associated with urban/commensal rats and mice(property damage,management costs,and health risks)press upon research on these animals.While the demography of commensal rodents is mostly studied,the need for understanding factors influencing their natural morbidity/mortality is also stressed.In this respect,more attention is expected to be paid to immunity,the physiological mechanism of defense against host survival threats(pathogens,parasites,diseases).Commensal rats and mice carry numerous pathogens that evoke diverse immune responses.The state of immunity in commensal house mice is studied in great detail,owing to the use of laboratory strains in biomedical research.Because commensal rats are,compared to mice,carriers of more zoonotic agents,rats’immunity is studied mainly in that context.Some of these zoonotic agents cause chronic,asymptomatic infections,which justified studies of immunological mechanisms of pathogen tolerance versus clearance regulation in rats.Occurrence of some infections in specific tissues/organs pressed upon analysis of local/regional immune responses and/or immunopathology.A survey of immunological activity/responses in commensal rats is given in this review,with mention of existing data in commensal mice.It should throw some light on the factors relevant to their morbidity and lifespan,supplementing the knowledge of commensal rodent ecology.

关键词： commensal rats and mice immunopathology infection inflammation tolerance

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

湖泊沉积植物古DNA的现代过程

引用

植物生态学报 2022年第7期46卷 735-752页

作者：吴铠李凯贾伟瀚廖梦娜倪健浙江师范大学化学与生命科学学院浙江金华321004 Polar terrestrial Environmental Systems research group Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchPotsdam 14473Germany Institute of Environmental Science and Geography University of PotsdamPotsdam 14476Germany

对植被历史变化过程的研究是理解现代植被组成、分布及其对全球变化响应的基础。近年来,随着分子古生态学的发展,分析沉积介质中的陆生植物古DNA信号,以研究植被及植物多样性演变的历史过程正在成为研究热点,湖泊沉积植物古DNA已成为古... 详细信息

对植被历史变化过程的研究是理解现代植被组成、分布及其对全球变化响应的基础。近年来,随着分子古生态学的发展,分析沉积介质中的陆生植物古DNA信号,以研究植被及植物多样性演变的历史过程正在成为研究热点,湖泊沉积植物古DNA已成为古植被和古生态学研究的成熟代用指标。然而与第四纪孢粉分析相比较,湖泊沉积植物古DNA的现代过程依然不明确,成为其进一步发展和应用的限制因素。基于此,该文综述了湖泊沉积植物古DNA技术研究进展,尝试阐明湖泊沉积植物古DNA的现代过程,包括植物DNA的来源、沉积和保存过程及其影响因素,以及植物DNA与现代植被的关系等。已有研究表明,湖泊沉积植物古DNA主要来自湖泊周边或流域范围,其丰度和组成除受到源植物生物量的影响外,同样受到沉积物的搬运和沉积过程中DNA降解作用、土壤以及沉积物中颗粒的吸附过程和稀释作用等因素的影响。湖泊沉积物中植物DNA的保存则主要受到微生物活动、湖水的化学性质(电导率和pH值)、湖泊深度、沉积物组成等一系列生物与非生物因素的共同影响。湖泊沉积植物古DNA可以揭示其沉积时代的植物群落类型以及气候环境信息,但目前并不能够用来定量重建古植被变化过程。鉴于湖泊沉积植物古DNA现代过程的复杂性,对研究结果的解释要格外小心。与孢粉分析相比,湖泊沉积植物古DNA研究仍处于起步阶段,但随着分子生物技术的进步、实验设计的优化、物种条形码的扩充及参考数据库的完善等,以DNA宏条形码和宏基因组学为主要技术手段的植物古DNA技术,必将推动我国植物古生态研究的进一步发展。

关键词：湖泊沉积植物古DNA 埋藏学植被代表性古植被古生态学

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：