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Frugivory and seed dispersal in the Galápagos:what is the state of the art?

Integrative Zoology 2011年第2期6卷 110-129页

作者： Ruben HELENO Stephen BLAKE Patricia JARAMILLO Anna TRAVESET Pablo VARGAS Manuel NOGALES Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies(CSIC-UIB) Terrestrial Ecology GroupMallorcaBalearic Islands Royal Botanical Garden Madrid(CSIC-RJB) Madrid Island ecology and Evolution Research Group(CSIC-IPNA) TenerifeCanary IslandsSpain Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Vogelwarte RadolfzellRadolfzellGermany Charles Darwin Foundation Puerto AyoraSanta CruzGalapagosQuitoEcuador

The Galápagos are considered a model oceanic archipelago,with unique flora and fauna currently threatened by alien invasive *** dispersal is an important ecosystem function with consequences for plant population dynamics and vegetation ***,understanding the seed dispersal abilities of the assemblages of frugivores will inform scientists and managers of the dynamics of plant invasions and improve management *** we provide the first comprehensive review of published information on frugivory and animal seed dispersal in the Galá*** collected data from a variety of sources,including notes of the first naturalist expeditions,gray literature available only in Galápagos collections,and peer-reviewed journal ***–animal frugivorous interactions were retrieved from 43 studies and compiled into an interaction matrix describing 366 unique *** studies focused on fruit consumption as a driving force for natural selection,but seed fate was seldom *** most(71%)of the interactions involved native plants,more than one-quarter(28%)involved introduced *** involving birds are considerably more common than those of reptiles and mammals,probably reflecting a research bias towards *** the historical importance of the archipelago as the laboratory for evolutionary and ecological research,understanding of its seed dispersal systems is *** end the review by suggesting 3 priority areas of research on frugivory and seed dispersal in the Galápagos:(i)target research to close knowledge gaps;(ii)the use of a network approach to frame seed dispersal at the community level;and(iii)evaluation of the effect of seed dispersal as a selective pressure acting upon plants and ***,the output of this research has to be properly delivered to the Galápagos National Park Services to help increase management effectiveness.

关键词： conservation planning oceanic islands plant invasions plant-animal interaction seed predation

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Exogenous nitrogen input skews estimates of microbial nitrogen use efficiency by ecoenzymatic stoichiometry

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 625-631页

作者： Lifei Sun Daryl L.Moorhead Yongxing Cui Wolfgang Wanek Shuailin Li Chao Wang CAS Key laboratory of Forest ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Department of Environmental Sciences University of ToledoToledo 43606USA Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Division of terrestrial Ecosystem Research Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems ScienceUniversity of ViennaDjerassiplatz 11030 ViennaAustria

Background Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry models(EEST)are often used to evaluate microbial nutrient use efficiency,but the validity of these models under exogenous nitrogen(N)input has never been ***,we investigated the effects of long-term N addition(as urea)on microbial N use efficiency(NUE),compared EEST and^(18)O-labeling methods for determining NUE,and evaluated EEST’s theoretical assumption that the ratios of standard ecoenzymatic activities balance resource availability with microbial *** We found that NUE estimated by EEST ranged from 0.94 to *** contrast,estimates of NUE by the^(18)O-labeling method ranged from 0.07 to *** large differences in NUE values estimated by the two methods may be because the sum ofβ-N-acetylglucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase activities in the EEST model was not limited to microbial N acquisition under exogenous N inputs,resulting in an overestimation of microbial NUE by *** addition,the acquisition of carbon by N-acquiring enzymes also likely interferes with the evaluation of NUE by *** Our results demonstrate that caution must be exercised when using EEST to evaluate NUE under exogenous N inputs that may skew standard enzyme assays.

关键词： Extracellular enzyme Resource allocation Nitrogen addition Microbial metabolism limitation Isotope labeling

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Treatment and remediation of a wastewater lagoon using microelectrolysis and modified DAT/IAT methods

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第3期23卷 388-395页

作者： Qiong Wu Tao Hua Qixing Zhou Tianjin Key laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control/Key laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education) College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China Key laboratory of terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China

To examine treatment and remediation of a wastewater lagoon with poor biodegradability, a typical wastewater lagoon in Tianjin, China, was treated and remedied using microelectrolysis and modified demand aeration tank （DAT）/intermittent aeration tank （IAT） methods. After pretreatment by microelectrolysis, the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand （COD） was up to 64.6% and the ratio of BOC/COD in the effluent increased from 0.013 to 0.609. The removal rates of CODcr and NH4＋-N were affected by sludge backflow rate, mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS）, and hydraulic retention time （HRT） in the modified DAT/IAT reactor. The highest removal rates of CODcr and NH4＋-N were up to 78.9% and 62.6%, respectively, when the sludge backflow rate was 38.0 mL/min, the total HRT was 8.0 hr and MLSS was 4088.0 mg/L. In this case, some protozoa and metazoa were observed in activated sludge and biofilm carriers. Most of chrominance was removed by microelectrolysis treatment, while the modified DAT/IAT methods were more effective for CODcr and NH4＋-N removal.

关键词： wastewater lagoon biodegradability microelectrolysis DAT/IAT ecological remediation

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Single and joint effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and cadmium on the polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第1期20卷 68-74页

作者： WANG Jing ZHOU Qixing ZHANG Qianru ZHANG Ying Key laboratory of terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China

Using the concentration gradient and combined pollutant exposure method, the single and joint effects of petroleum hydrocarbons （PHCs） and cadmium （Cd） on polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube, an ecologically keystone species in estuarine and coastal environment, have been investigated. The results indicate that the toxicity of PHCs to P. aibuhitensis is stronger than that of Cd to the organism. There are positive correlations between the mortality of worms and the exposed concentration of single Cd or PHCs in solution. Similarly, the accumulation of Cd or PHCs in worms increased with increasing Cd- or PHC-exposed concentrations. All the correlation relationships can be described using unitary quadratic equations （Y or Z = aX^2 ＋ bX ＋ c）. It is calculated, on the basis of these expressions, that the median lethal dose （LC50） ofP aibuhitensis exposed to a single Cd or PHCs is 793.4-13567.3 and 28.0-119.9 μg/L, respectively. The exposed time has some stimulative effect on the two pollutants and on the mortality of the worms. Thus, even a low concentration of a single Cd or PHCs may have strong toxic effects on the worms when the exposed time becomes longer. The accumulation of Cd or PHCs in worms differs with an increase in exposure time at the given exposed concentration of a single Cd or PHCs. Noticeably, the accumulation of PHCs in worms decreases with an increase in exposure time at the given high concentration of PHCs in solution. The joint effect of PHCs and Cd on P. aibuhitensis is very complicated and changes with the exposed concentrations of the two pollutants. At the given concentration of PHCs, the joint toxicity of the two pollutants on the worms changes from synergism to antagonism with an increase in Cd concentration. The accumulation of Cd in the worms significantly decreases with the addition of PHCs to exposure solution.

关键词： petroleum hydrocarbon cadmium combined pollution Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube ecotoxicology

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Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Bacterial Community in the Rhizosphere of Soybean Genotypes Grown in a Black Soil

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Pedosphere 2009年第6期19卷 808-816页

作者： JIN Jian WANG Guang-Hua LIU Xiao-Bing LIU Jii-Dong CHEN Xue-Li S. J. HERBERT Key lab of Black Soil ecology Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Harbin 150081 (China) Department of Plant Soil and Insect Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 (USA)

The dynamics of rhizosphere microbial communities is important for plant health and productivity, and can be influenced by soil type, plant species or genotype, and plant growth stage. A pot experiment was carried out to examine the dynamics of microbial communities in the rhizosphere of two soybean genotypes grown in a black soil in Northeast China with a long history of soybean cultivation. The two soybean genotypes, Beifeng 11 and Hai 9731, differing in productivity were grown in a mixture of black soil and siliceous sand. The bacterial communities were compared at three zone locations including rhizoplane, rhizosphere, and bulk soil at the third node （V3）, early flowering （R1）, and early pod （R3） stages using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DCGE） of 16S rDNA. The results of principal component analyses （PCA） showed that the bacterial community structure changed with growth stage. Spatially, the bacterial communities in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere were significantly different from those in the bulk soil. Nevertheless, the bacterial communities in the rhizoplane were distinct from those in the rhizosphere at the V3 stage, while no obvious differences were found at the R1 and R3 stages. For the two genotypes, the bacterial community structure was similar at the V3 stage, but differed at the R1 and R3 stages. In other words, some bacterial populations became dominant and some others recessive at the two later stages, which contributed to the variation of the bacterial community between the two genotypes. These results suggest that soybean plants can modify the rhizosphere bacterial communities in the black soil, and there existed genotype-specific bacterial populations in the rhizospbere, which may be related to soybean productivity.

关键词： PCR-DGGE plant growth stage 16S rDNA soybean productivity

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Adaptability of microbial inoculators and their contribution to degradation of mineral oil and PAHs

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第2期18卷 310-317页

作者： SONG Xue-ying SONG Yu-fang SUN Tie-heng ZHOU Qi-xing ZHANG Wei ZHANG Lei Key laboratory of terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Key laboratory of Environmental Engineering Shenyang University Shenyang 100041 China Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100081 China

Five dominant bacteria strains（A cetobacter sp., Alcdigenes sp., Micrococcus sp., Arthrobacter sp. and Bacillus sp.） and five fungi strains （Cephalosporium sp. Ⅰ, Cephalosporlum sp. Ⅱ, Aspergillus sp. Ⅰ, Aspergillus sp. Ⅱ and Fusarium sp.） isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil were used to assess the potential capability of mineral oil and PAH enhanced degradation separately and jointly using the batch liquid medium cultivation with diesel oil spiked at 1000 mg/L. The experiment was performed on a reciprocal shaker in the darkness at 25℃ to 30℃ for 100 d. The dynamic variation in the activity of microbial inoculators in each treatment and the degradation of the target pollutants during the period of experiment were monitored. Results showed a more rapid biodegradation of mineral oil and PAHs at the beginning of the experiment （about 20 d） by dominant bacteria, fungi and their mixture than that of the indigenous microorganisms, however, thereafter an opposite trcnd was exhibited that the removal ratio by indigenous microorganisms was superior to any other dominant treatments and the tendency lasted till the end of the experiment, indicating the limited competitive capability of dominant microorganisms to degrade the contaminants, and the natural selection of indigenous microorganisms for use in the removal of the contaminants. At the end of the experiment, the removal ratio of mineral oil ranged from 56.8 % to 79.2 % and PAHs ranged from 96.8 % to 99.1% in each treatment by microbial inoculators,

关键词： dominant microorganism indigenous microorganism mineral oil PAHs biodegradation

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Joint effects of cadmium and lead on seedlings of four Chinese cabbage cultivars in northeastern China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第11期21卷 1598-1606页

作者： XU Zhiqiang Key laboratory of terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Key laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria at Ministry of Education College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China

In northeastern China, large area of vegetable land has been simultaneously polluted by cadmium （Cd） and lead （Pb）. Joint effects of Cd and Pb on Chinese cabbage （Brassica pekinensis L.） were investigated using the seed germination and sand culture method. Four Chinese cabbage cultivars including Kangbingjinchun （KB）, Dongyangchunxia （DY）, Qinglvwang （QL） and Qiangshi （QS） from Shenyang in northeastern China were adopted in this study. The results showed that there were positive linear relationships between the inhibitory rate of biomass, root and shoot elongation and the concentrations of Cd and Pb. In particular, root elongation was more sensitive to joint stress of Cd and Pb. The activity of superoxide dismutase and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA）, soluble protein （SP） and proline （PRO） changed significantly with increasing exposure concentration of Cd and Pb. The decrement in the activity of antioxidative enzymes, the content of SP and accumulation of MDA were relatively low in KB and QS. PRO played an important role in resisting Cd and Pb stress.

关键词： cadmium lead Chinese cabbage antioxidative enzyme malondialdehyde soluble protein, proline

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Growth substrates alter aboveground plant microbial and metabolic properties thereby influencing insect herbivore performance

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第8期66卷 1728-1741页

作者： Jun Yuan Tao Wen Shengdie Yang Chao Zhang Mengli Zhao Guoqing Niu Penghao Xie Xiaoyu Liu Xinyuan Zhao Qirong Shen T.Martijn Bezemer The Key laboratory of Plant Immunity Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste UtilizationJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic WastesEducational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizersNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Institute of Biology Above-Belowground Interactions groupLeiden UniversityP.O.Box 95052300 RA LeidenThe Netherlands Department of terrestrial ecology Netherlands Institute of EcologyP.O.Box 506700 AB WageningenThe Netherlands

The gut microbiome of plant-eaters is affected by the food they eat,but it is currently unclear how the plant metabolome and microbiome are influenced by the substrate the plant grows in and how this subsequently impacts the feeding behavior and gut microbiomes of insect ***,we use Plutella xylostella caterpillars and show that the larvae prefer leaves of cabbage plants growing in a vermiculite substrate to those from plants growing in conventional soil *** a plant metabolomics analysis,we identified 20 plant metabolites that were related to caterpillar feeding *** a bioassay,the effects of these plant metabolites on insects'feeding were *** and compounds enriched with leaves of soilless cultivation promoted the feeding of insects,while compounds enriched with leaves of plants growing in natural soil decreased *** microbial groups(e.g.,Sporolactobacillus,Haliangium)detected inside the plant correlated with caterpillar feeding performance and other microbial groups,such as Ramlibacter and Methylophilus,correlated with the gut *** results highlight the role of growth substrates on the food metabolome and microbiome and on the feeding performance and the gut microbiome of plant *** illustrates how belowground factors can influence the aboveground properties of plant-animal systems,which has important implications for plant growth and pest control.

关键词： cultivation pattern gut microbiome herbivory leaf microbiome leaf metabolome

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Guazia, the earliest ovule without cupule but with unique integumentary lobes

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National Science Review 2022年第4期9卷 13-20页

作者： De-Ming Wang Le Liu Yi Zhou Min Qin Mei-Cen Meng Yun Guo Jin-Zhuang Xue Key laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution Department of GeologyPeking University School of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) Institute of Geology and Paleontology Linyi University Institute of Deep Time terrestrial ecology Institute of PalaeontologyYunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System ScienceYunnan University

The earliest ovules in the Late Devonian(Famennian) are surrounded by a cupule that is involved in both protection and pollination, and generally have free integumentary lobes. Here we report a new taxon from the Famennian of China, Guazia dongzhiensis gen. et sp. nov. The terminally borne ovule is apparently acupulate(without cupule) and has four radially arranged wing-like integumentary lobes that are extensively fused, and folded lengthwise and inwards. Guazia provides evidence that not all Devonian seeds possess a cupule and it increases their diversity in integumentary lobes. This genus also suggests that the integuments develop new functions, probably including wind dispersal at the expense of the cupules.

关键词： ovule cupule integument Devonian seed plants

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In-situ warming does not change soil priming effect induced by glucose addition in a temperate forest

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Pedosphere 2024年第4期34卷 759-769页

作者： Xiaohan DONG Yunting FANG Dongwei LIU Xin GUAN Kai HUANG Yuqi LIU Qingkui WANG Silong WANG Weidong ZHANG Huitong Experimental Station of Forest ecology CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and ManagementInstitute of Applied EcologyShenyang 110016China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China Hunan Key laboratory for Structure and Ecosystem Service of Subtropical Forest Huitong National Research Station of Forest EcosystemHuitong 418307China Qingyuan Forest Chinese Ecosystem Research Network(CERN) National Observation and Research StationShenyang 110016China Key laboratory of Forest ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016(China)f Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and ApplicationsShenyang 110016China Key laboratory of terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality Shenyang 110016China

Priming effect(PE)on soil organic carbon(SOC)decomposition caused by the addition of organic carbon(C)is an important ecological process in regulating soil C ***,most priming studies are confined to laboratory trials,while the assessment of soil PE under field conditions with variable weather conditions is *** study assessed the direct effects of glucose addition and in-situ warming on the extent of PE under field conditions in a temperate *** evaluated soil PE using 13C-glucose labelling,a simple and novel technique,based on the Keeling plot *** addition significantly enhanced native SOC decomposition and induced strong ***,the effect of in-situ warming on the extent of PE was not *** study confirms the importance of PE in regulating SOC turnover under field conditions.

关键词： lue lblling tchnquegbal wamingrmingt hppidfaty ai solganmattermineralisatn oezme respiration

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