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Evaluation of ecosystem supply services and calculation of economic value in Kargil District

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Regional Sustainability 2022年第2期3卷 157-169页

作者： Sabir HUSSAIN Sheenu SHARMA Anand Narain SINGH Soil Ecosystem and Restoration ecology lab Department of BotanyPanjab UniversityChandigarh160014India

Mountain ecosystem provides numerous vital ecosystem services(ESs)to the people residing within or near the mountains *** mountains provide services such as timber,fibre,fodder,fuelwood,medicine,aesthetic,recreation,ritual,and religion,and many other services that are vital for the maintenance of the *** mountains of Barsoo and Tai-Suru regions in Kargil District are much familiar for their ESs supply,and the residents have utilized these services for *** present study was focused on the provisioning *** used a random sample approach for household selection and data collection regarding the pre-prepared questionnaire;the number of households was obtained from government census *** primary ESs(identified by more than 40%of the respondents)were assessed through the direct market valuation *** direct market valuation method produced an overwhelming value,specifically for grazing and fodder services in both regions of the study *** showed that grazing service was valued at 482,346.43 USD/a for Barsoo region and 1,458,099.04 USD/a for Tai-Suru ***,fodder service of Barsoo and Tai-Suru regions corresponded to values of 69,833.61 and 110,886.06 USD/a,*** the other hand,food service of Barsoo and Tai-Suru regions was valued at 2601.04 and 2969.90 USD/a,respectively,and medicinal service was valued at 757.39 and 4430.94 USD/a in Barsoo and Tai-Suru regions,*** addition,the regions were economically backwards,and the resident’s survival and well-being relied on the mountain ***,it is not possible for the residents to pay services replacement costs if the services need to replace by other ***,such mountain ecosystem is highly prone to climate change and other human activities that would negatively impact the ecosystem ***,this study would be helpful for the policymakers of the region to draft any developmental plan/framework by integrating the value

关键词： Mountain ecosystem Ecosystem services Sustainability Livelihood Direct market valuation method Barsoo Tai-Suru

The soil Microbial Carbon Pump as a new concept for terrestrial carbon sequestration

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第4期64卷 545-558页

作者： Chao LIANG Xuefeng ZHU Institute of Applied ecology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

Soil is a huge terrestrial carbon pool, which has higher carbon storage than the sum of atmospheric and terrestrial vegetation carbon. Small fluctuations in soil carbon pool can affect regional carbon flux and global climate change. As soil organic carbon plays key roles in soil carbon storage and sequestration, studying its composition, sources and stability mechanism is a key to deeply understand the functions of terrestrial ecosystem and how it will respond to climate changes. The recently-proposed concept of soil Microbial Carbon Pump(MCP) emphasizes the importance of soil microbial anabolism and its contributions to soil carbon formation and stabilization, which can be applied for elucidating the source, formation and sequestration of soil organic carbon. This article elaborates MCP-mediated soil carbon sequestration mechanism and its influencing factors, as well as representative scientific questions we may explore with the soil MCP conceptual framework.

关键词： Soil Microbial Carbon Pump Entombing Effect Carbon cycling Soil microorganisms Soil organic carbon Microbial residues Amino sugars Soil fauna

The fluxes and controlling factors of N_2O and CH_4 emissions from freshwater marsh in Northeast China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第5期53卷 700-709页

作者： YU JunBao1,2, LIU JingShuang2, SUN ZhiGao1, SUN WeiDong3, WANG JinDa2, WANG GuoPing2 & CHEN XiaoBing1 1 Key lab of Coastal Envionment Processed, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research for Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China 2 Key lab of Wetland ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China 3 Key laboratory of Isotope Geochronology and Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China Key lab of Coastal Envionment Processed Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research for Sustainable Development Chinese Academy of Sciences Yantai China Key lab of Wetland ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China Key laboratory of Isotope Geochronology and Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China

Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions were measured using a static chamber method in two adjacent plots of freshwater marsh predominated by Calamagrostis angustifolia, one is seasonal waterlogged (SW) and the other without surface water accumulation (NW), in Sanjiang Plain wetland (47°35′N, 133°31′E), northeast China, during 2002-2004. The diurnal and seasonal flux variations of both gases were significantly correlated with 5-cm-soil temperature. The NW marsh is a source of N2O and sink of CH4, while the SW marsh is sink of N2O and source of CH4. Remarkably, we observed a N2O emission peak under Eh of +300 to +100 mV, and CH4 emission peak under Eh of +300 to +400 mV, which indicate additional sources of N2O and CH4 for the freeze-thaw induced emission peaks of N2O and CH4 observed between late July and early August. Further study shows that the additional N2O and CH4 were emitted under the frozen soil after thawing.

关键词： freeze-thaw region freshwater marsh methane nitrous oxide controlling factors

Ecological effects of crude oil residues on the functional diversity of soil microorganisms in three weed rhizospheres

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第6期18卷 1101-1106页

作者： ZHANG Qian-ru ZHOU Qi-xing REN Li-ping ZHU Yong-guan SUN Shu-lan Key laboratory of terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Kyushu University Fukuoka 8128582 Japan

Ecological effects of crude oil residues on weed rhizospheres are still vague. The quantitative and diversity changes and metabolic responses of soil-bacterial communities in common dandelion （Taraxacum officinale）, jerusalem artichoke （Silphiurn perfoliatum L.） and evening primrose （A colypha australis L.） rhizospheric soils were thus examined using the method of carbon source utilization. The results indicated that there were various toxic effects of crude oil residues on the growth and reproduction of soil bacteria, but the weed rhizospheres could mitigate the toxic effects. Total heterotrophic counting colony-forming units （CFUs） in the rhizospheric soils were significantly higher than those in the non-rhizospheric soils. The culturable soil-bacterial CFUs in the jerusalem artichoke （S. perfoliatum） rhizosphere polluted with 0.50 kg/pot of crude oil residues were almost twice as much as those with 0.25 kg/pot and without the addition of crude oil residues. The addition of crude oil residues increased the difference in substrate evenness, substrate richness, and substrate diversity between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of T. officinale and A. australis, but there was no significant （p〉0.05） difference in the Shannon＇s diversity index between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of S. perfoliatum. The rhizospheric response of weed species to crude oil residues suggested that S. perfoliatum may be a potential weed species for the effective plant-microorganism bioremediation of contaminated soils by crude oil residues.

关键词： ecological effect weed rhizosphere crude oil residue soil microorganism functional diversity

Glacier and snow variations and their impacts on regional water resources in mountains

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2019年第1期29卷 84-100页

作者： DENG Haijun CHEN Yaning LI Yang Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for Monitoring and Assessing terrestrial Disasters State Key laboratory Breeding Base of Humid Subtropical Mountain ecology State Key laboratory of Desert and Oasis ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography CAS College of Geographical Sciences Fujian Normal University Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center

Glaciers and snow are major constituents of solid water bodies in mountains; they can regulate the stability of local water sources. However, they are strongly affected by climate change. This study focused on the Tianshan Mountains, using glacier and snow datasets to analyse variations in glaciers, snow, water storage, and runoff. Three typical river basins (Aksu, Kaidou, and Urumqi Rivers) were selected to interpret the impacts of glacier and snow changes on regional water resources in the Tianshan Mountains. The results exhibited a nonlinear functional relationship between glacial retreat rate and area, demonstrating that small glacial retreat is more sensitive under climate change. Further, the glacial retreat rate at the low-middle elevation zone was seen to be faster than that at the high elevation zone. The regional average terrestrial water storage (TWS) decrease rate in the Tianshan Mountains was-0.7±1.53 cm/a during 2003-2015. The highest TWS deficit region was located in the central part of the Tianshan Mountains, which was closely related to sharp glacial retreats. The increases in glacier and snow meltwater led to an increase in runoff in the three typical river basins, especially that of the Aksu River (0.4×108 m3/a). The decreasing and thinning of areas, and increasing equilibrium line altitude (ELV) of glaciers have been the major causes for the decrease in runoff in the three river basins since the mid-1990s. Therefore, the results reveal the mechanisms causing the impacts of glaciers and snow reduction in mountains on regional water resources under climate change, and provide a reference for water resources management in the mountainous river basins.

关键词： climate change water resources glacier and snow cryosphere Tianshan Mountains

Breeding biology of a relictual Maghreb Magpie(Pica mauritanica)population in Tunisia

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Avian Research 2021年第1期12卷 28-36页

作者： Aymen Nefla Ridha Ouni Slaheddine Selmi Said Nouira Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences of TunisUniversity of Tunis El ManarEl Manar II2092 TunisTunisia Tunisia Wildlife Conservation Society BejaouaSidi Thabit TunisTunisia Research Unit“ecology of terrestrial Fauna”(UR17ES44) Faculty of SciencesUniversity of GabesZrig6072 GabesTunisia

Background:The Maghreb Magpie(Pica mauritanica)is an endemic North African *** knowledge on this species is limited to historic descriptive data with no ecological information *** continue to dramatically decline in Tunisia,where only one relic population *** the breeding biology of this species is essential for conservation *** purpose of this study was to increase our understanding of the Tunisian relic population and provide detailed data on breeding biology over two breeding seasons(2017 and 2018).Methods:This study occurred on a private farm of 650 ha,located 10 km from Dhorbania village at Kairouan Governorate,in central *** nests were monitored weekly during egg laying period and twice a week during hatching *** Ivlev's electivity index was used to assess whether the frequency of use of nesting trees and bushes matched their availability in the study *** recorded nest measurements and positions,and compared them using Wilcoxon signed-rank *** of breeding parameters as number of eggs laid,hatchlings,and fledglings over years were performed using Mann–Whitney U-test andχ^(2) *** used a Generalized Linear Mixed Model(GLMM)to investigate how egg volume varied with clutch size and laying ***:We investigated clutch size,egg size,hatching and fledging success,and evaluated how these parameters varied according to laying date and nest *** size averaged 5.00±0.19 but was significantly greater *** of nest failure included the depredation of nestlings by shrikes,cobras and rats(*** meridionalis,Naja haje and Rattus rattus),death of parents by the Black-shouldered Kite(Elanus caeruleus)and nest parasitism by the Great Spotted Cuckoo(Clamator glandarius).Clutch size,brood size and fledgling success were unaffected by laying date,nest volume and nest *** volume decreased with laying date but was unaffected by ***

关键词： Clutch size Laying date Maghreb Magpie Nesting habitat Nest success Relic population Tunisia

Verification of protein sparing by feeding carbohydrate to common carp Cyprinus carpio

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2017年第2期35卷 251-257页

作者：程镇燕李静辉张宝龙方珍珍孙金辉白东清孙金生乔秀亭 Tianjin Key laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance Tianjin Normal University Tianjin Key lab of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture College of FisheriesTianjin Agricultural University

A 9-week feeding trial in floating freshwater cages(1.0 m×1.0 m×2.0 m) was conducted to study the effects of different dietary levels of protein and starch on growth,body composition,and gene expression of enzymes in common carp,Cyprinus carpio(mean body weight,36.12±1.18 g) to evaluate the protein-sparing effect of dietary *** diets were formulated with corn starch as the carbohydrate source to obtain corn starch levels of 6.5%,13%,19.5%,or 26%and protein levels of 30.5%,28.2%,26.4%,and 24.2%.The results showed no differences in growth performance of fish fed the diets with different protein and corn starch levels,but body composition and glucose metabolic enzyme activity of carp were significantly affected by the different diets(P0.05).In summary,the results indicate a protein-sparing effect by substituting carbohydrate in the diet of common carp.

关键词： common carp protein sparing corn starch growth performance glucose metabolism

Spatial and temporal distribution of acetochlor in sediments and riparian soils of the Songhua River Basin in northeastern China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第10期23卷 1684-1690页

作者： Xiaoyin Sun Qixing Zhou Wenjie Ren Xuhui Li Liping Ren Key laboratory of terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China College of Geography and Tourism Shandong Qufu Normal University Qufu 273165 China Key laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria （Ministry of Education） College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China

The Songhua River Basin is a burgeoning agricultural area in the modern times in China. Particularly in recent years, increasing chemical fertilizers and pesticides have been applied with the development of agricultural production. However, the situation of non- point source pollution （NSP） from agricultural production in this basin is still obscure. In order to solve the problem, the occurrence and distribution of acetochlor in sediments and riparian soils of the Songhua River Basin before rain season and after rain season were investigated. In addition, total organic carbon was analyzed. The result showed that the concentration of acetochlor ranged from 0.47 to 11.76 μg/kg in sediments and 0.03 to 709.37 μg/kg in riparian soils. During the high flow period in 2009, the mean concentration was 4.79 μg/kg in sediments and 0.75 μg]kg in riparian soils, respectively. Similarly, the mean concentration was 2.53 μg/kg in sediments and 61.36μg/kg in riparian soils, during the average flow period in 2010. There was a significant correlation between the concentration of acetochlor and total organic carbon in surface sediments. Moreover, the distribution of acetochlor in sediments of the Songhua River was significantly correlated to land use and topography of the watershed. The investigated data suggested that the concentration of acetochlor in the Songnen Plain and the Sanjiang Plain was higher than that in the other areas of the basin, and riparian buffering zones in these areas bad been destroyed by human activities. The optimal agricultural measures to alleviate the contamination of pesticides should be adopted, including controlling agricultural application of acetochlor and ecological restoration of riparian buffering strips.

关键词： acetochlor Songhua River Basin non-point source pollution optimal agricultural measure

The relationship between soil,climate and forest development in the mid-mountain zone of the Sangong River watershed in the northern Tianshan Mountains,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2015年第1期7卷 63-72页

作者： Li DAI YiXing FENG GePing LUO YanZhong LI WenQiang XU School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences Guizhou Normal University State Key laboratory of Desert and Oasis ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences

The mountainous forests in arid regions, being sensitive to climate change, are one of the key research topics related to the mechanism of interaction between climate and the terrestrial ecosystem. In this study, the spatial distribution of a mid-mountain forest and its environmental factors were investigated by using a combination of remote sensing technology, field survey, climate indices and soil nutrient analysis in the Sangong River watershed of the northern Tianshan Mountains. The forest （Picea schrenkiana） was distributed between 1,510 and 2,720 m asl. Tree height and diameter at breast height （DBH） exhibited a bi-modal pattern with increasing elevation, and rested at 2,450 and 2,250 m asl, respectively. The two maxima of DBH appeared at 2,000 and 2,550 m asl, and the taller trees were observed at 2,100 and 2,600 m asl. For the annual mean temperature, the difference was approximately 5.8℃ between the lowest and the highest limits of the forest, and the average decreasing rates per hundred meters were 0.4g℃ and 0.55℃ with increasing altitude between 1,500 and 2,000 m asl and above 2,000 m asl, respec- tively. The annual precipitation in the forest zone first increased and then decreased with the increase of altitude, and the maximum value was at 2,000 m asl. For per hundred meters, the annual precipitation increased with the rate of 31 mm between 1,500 and 2,000 m asl and decreased by 7.8 mm above 2,000 m asl. The SOM, TN and TP were high between 2,000 and 2,700 m asl and low at the lower and upper forest limits. The minimum CaCO3 con- centration, pH value and EC coincided with the maximum precipitation belt at 2,000 m asl. The SOM, TN and TP were high in the topsoil （0-10 cm） and differed significantly from the values observed in the deep soil layers （〉10 cm）. The soil nutrients exhibited spatial heterogeneity and higher aggregation in the topsoil. In conclusion, soil and climate are closely related to each other, working synergistically to determine the dev

关键词： mid-mountain forest climatic conditions soil properties Picea schrenkiana arid region central Asia