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Physical mechanism of oxygen diffusion in the formation of Ga_(2)O_(3) Ohmic contacts

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第1期33卷 653-659页

作者：徐宿雨于淼袁东阳彭博元磊张玉明贾仁需 Key Laboratory of Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices School of MicroelectronicsXidian UniversityXi'an 710071China The 13 th Research Institute China Electronics Technology Group corporation Shijiazhuang 050051China

The formation of low-resistance Ohmic contacts in Ga_(2)O_(3) is crucial for high-performance electronic devices. Conventionally, a titanium/gold(Ti/Au) electrode is rapidly annealed to achieve Ohmic contacts, resulting in mutual diffusion of atoms at the interface. However, the specific role of diffusing elements in Ohmic contact formation remains *** this work, we investigate the contribution of oxygen atom diffusion to the formation of Ohmic contacts in Ga_(2)O_(3). We prepare a Ti/Au electrode on a single crystal substrate and conduct a series of electrical and structural *** density functional theory, we construct a model of the interface and calculate the charge density, partial density of states, planar electrostatic potential energy, and I–V characteristics. Our results demonstrate that the oxygen atom diffusion effectively reduces the interface barrier, leading to low-resistance Ohmic contacts in Ga_(2)O_(3). These findings provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of Ohmic contact formation and highlight the importance of considering the oxygen atom diffusion in the design of Ga_(2)O_(3)-based electronic devices.

关键词： Ga_(2)O_(3) Ohmic contacts oxygen diffusion density functional theory

Typomorpic Characteristics of the Major Minerals in the Puziwan gold Deposit,Datong,Shanxi,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2008年第4期82卷 781-787页

作者： QING Min NIU Cuiyi LEI Shibin gold Geological Institute of Chinese Army Police Force Langfang Hebei 065000 Zhongjin gold corporation Limited Beijing 100011 gold Headquarters of Chinese Army Police Force Beijing 100010

Utilizing theories of minerageny and prospecting mineralogy, the authors studied the attitude, morphotype and chemical composition of metallic minerals of pyrite, gold, chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite, non-metallic minerals of quartz, carbonate, dolomite and rutile in the Puziwan gold deposit. The study shows the following results. （1） The mineral assemblage is complex and the species of sulfide are abundant with occurrences of sulfosalt minerals. （2） The composition in the minerals is complex and there rich micro elements, including As, Sb, Bi, Se, Te, Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cr, Ni, V. The typomorphic characteristics of the association of the elements and their specific value suggest that gold mineralization is associated with shallow magmatic hydrothermal activity, the oreforming fluid is the mixture of abundant rising alkali magmatic water originating from the mantle or the lower crust and the descending acid atmospheric water. （3） Ankerite, Fe-rich sphalerite, granular Ti-rich rutile are widely distributed, which indicate great denudation depths, high mineralization temperature. The deposit is found in the middle and shallow positions of the porphyry series. The deep layers are not favorable for gold mineralization. （4） Copper minerals are rich in the ores and sulfides have high content of copper, suggesting possible porphyry-type Cu （Au） mineralization in deep positions and the surrounding areas.

关键词： typomorphic characteristics of minerals cryptoexplosive breccia-hosted gold deposit,Puziwan Yanggao of Shanxi

Effect of chloride ion on bacterial pre-oxidation of arsenic-containing gold concentrate

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Journal of Central South University 2011年第5期18卷 1418-1424页

作者：杨玮覃文庆刘瑞强任允超 School of Resources Processing and Bioengineering Central South University Refinery of Shandong gold Mining Co. Ltd. Engineering Design and Research Co. Ltd.Shandong Gold Corporation

The bacterial pre-oxidation process of arsenic-containing gold concentrates and the bacterial activity under different chloride ion concentrations were studied by using a mixture of thermophilic strains TCJ domesticated in *** experimental result shows that with different samples and leaching systems,the adaptability and Cl- tolerance of bacteria are different,and that appropriate chloride ion concentration is conductive to bacterial oxidation,while higher chloride ion concentration will inhibit the bacterial activity and affect the pre-oxidation *** the present production conditions,TCJ can adapt to the changes of water quality in the source of water and its critical chloride ion tolerance value is 2.7 g/L.

关键词：氯离子浓度细菌预氧化含砷金精矿离子对生产条件预氧化过程细菌活动混合使用

Fluids double-fracturing genetic mechanism and mineralization of gold-copper of the breccia pipe at Qibaoshan in Shandong Province

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Science China Earth Sciences 2000年第2期43卷 113-121页

作者：徐兴旺蔡新平秦大军王杰梁光河张小允刘立金 Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Qibaoshan gold corporation Shandong Province Wuliang China

After studying the characteristics and special texture of the fluidogenous tectonics, mineral assemblage in the cemented vein between breccia and their special distribution, and stress analyzing the joint structures in and around the breccia pipe, it is found that the observed phenomena are caused by a new tectonic dynamic mechanics of fluid——double-fracturing caused bytemperature and pressure of fluids and pulsating expansion. Under the actions of thermal stress and the pressure of fluids, thermal cracks and joints that developed along parts of the thermal cracks formed systematically in the rocks. Under these conditions, up-arching fracture zones that pulsatively expanded upward and cylindrical pressing breccia body were formed. Rocks at the peak of the pyramidal fractures zone break down instantly. Where the difference between pressure of fluids and the overburden pressure exceeded greatly the competence of the rocks, fluid junctions occurred and the velocity of the fluid flow increased as a result.

关键词： breccia pipe double-fracturing of fluids genetic mechanism mineralization of gold-copper deposit Qi-baoshan.

Geochemical CompGeochemical Comparison of Fresh and Weathered Tailings from the Sabodala gold Mine Kedougou Region, Senegal Following 6 Years of Operationarison of Fresh and Weathered Tailings from the Sabodala gold Mine Kedougou Region, Senegal Following 6 Years of Operation

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第7期8卷 177-194页

作者： Ibrahima Dia Mababa Diagne Mamadou Gueye Andrew Barnes Christian Mace Earth Sciences Institute Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Geochemic Ltd. Monmouthshire United Kingdom teranga gold corporation Toronto Canada

The Sabodala gold mine is located in the Kedegou region in eastern Senegal near the border with Mali in a tropical Savannah climate zone with distinct wet and dry seasons. The mine has been operating since 2009 with active tailings deposition giving an ideal opportunity to study the weathering characteristics of carbonate rich tailings materials under real world conditions. The mine is operated in accordance with international best practice with regular monitoring of water quality and tailings chemistry in accordance with the international cyanide management code (ICMC) and also in order to monitor and control any potential impacts from Acid Rock Drainage and Metal Leaching (ARDML) that may be generated from the tailings materials and waste rock. In 2015 as part of a project looking at the potential for re-use of generated tailings as construction materials, a number of additional geochemical tests including whole rock assays, mineralogy, Acid Base Accounting in accordance with modified Sobek method with siderite correction, together with paste pH and electrical conductivity (Ec) measurements were undertaken. The purpose of the study was to update the predictions of the potential for ARDML generation and drainage pH in leachates forming from the Sabodala tailings. The tests were run on one composite weathered and 3 selective fresh samples collected by auger drilling on three holes over the tailing. Results have enabled a better understanding of the chemical weathering characteristics of finely ground tailings materials under tropical weathering conditions and the nature of secondary minerals precipitated.

关键词： Acid Base Accounting Neutralization Potential Elemental Analysis Mineralogy

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金在硫酸介质中的钝化行为（英文）

Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2015年第6期25卷 2037-2046页

作者：张伟 Ahmet Deniz BAS Edward GHALI Yeonuk CHOI Department of Mining Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringLaval University Barrick gold corporation

采用不同电化学测试技术研究纯金和铂电极在硫酸溶液中的阳极行为。循环动电位法研究表明,金电极极化时会出现2个氧化峰和1个还原峰,而铂电极只有1个析氧反应峰出现。将硫酸浓度从0.5 mol/L增加到1mol/L时,金电极的峰电流密度增加2倍。... 详细信息

采用不同电化学测试技术研究纯金和铂电极在硫酸溶液中的阳极行为。循环动电位法研究表明,金电极极化时会出现2个氧化峰和1个还原峰,而铂电极只有1个析氧反应峰出现。将硫酸浓度从0.5 mol/L增加到1mol/L时,金电极的峰电流密度增加2倍。动电位法研究表明,增加搅拌速度会提高金的钝化区域,而对铂电极无影响。2 h的恒电位法研究表明,在1mol/L硫酸溶液中,在3个不同的阳极电位极化下,1.4 V时金电极的腐蚀速率最低。电化学噪音技术测试研究表明,在16 h的电位衰退中,在恒电位极化时所形成的钝化膜已经溶解。

关键词：金钝化硫酸溶液电化学噪音

New Approach of Structural Setting of gold Deposits in Birimian Volcanic Belt in West African Craton: The Example of the Sabodala gold Deposit, SE Senegal

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第3期7卷 440-458页

作者： Serigne Sylla Mamadou Gueye Papa Malick Ngom teranga gold corporation Dakar Senegal Institute of Earth Sciences Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Département de Géologie Faculty of Sciences and Technics Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

The Sabodala gold deposit in the Mako volcanic Belt (SE-Senegal, West African Craton) occurs in mafic and ultramafic rocks overlain by clastic sedimentary rocks and felsic volcanic-volcaniclastic sequences. It is a structurally controlled mesothermal vein gold deposit developed in deformed rocks units near the Falombo pluton. The Sabodala goldfield comprises several faults systems striking N-S to NE-SW. New structural evolution consisting of both thrusting and transcurrent events has been defined for the Sabodala goldfield. The majority of the gold at Sabodala occurs on the western flank of a large, doubling plunging dome (the Sabodala Antiform) and is also associated with sinistral wrenching that overprints early structures within the Sabodala Mine. The gold bearing veins are hosted by flat lying and NW-trending shear zones. The NW-trending faults acted as transfers syn-gold mineralization, although only discrete segments of these faults were active during the main stage of gold mineralization. Late exhumation resulted in extension along fault zones was responsible for the juxtaposition of medium and low grade metamorphic rocks. The granitic suite of the Falombo pluton is linked to exhumation. Final dextral transpression postdating exhumation produced shearing and folding. gold lodes developed during brittle deformation are associated with high fluid pressures in a northwest-southeast shortening regime. These are termed mainly the Sabodala deposit, and secondary the Niakafiri and Masato deposits.

关键词： gold Mesothermal Thrusting Transcurrent Sabodala Birrimian Senegal West Africa

Calculation of stratum surface principal curvature based on a moving least square method

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Journal of China University of Mining and Technology 2008年第1期18卷 59-63页

作者： LI Guo-qing MENG Zhao-ping MA Feng-shan ZHAO Hai-jun DING De-min LIU Qin WANG Cheng Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China School of Mmeral Resources and Safety Engmeertng China University of Mining ＆ Tecl~nology BeOing 100083 China Sanshandao gold Mine Shandong Gold Group Corporation Limited Laizhou Shandong 261442 China

With the east section of the Changji sag Zhunger Basin as a case study, both a principal curvature method and a moving least square method are elaborated. The moving least square method is introduced, for the first time, to fit a stratum surface. The results show that, using the same-degree base function, compared with a traditional least square method, the moving least square method can produce lower fitting errors, the fitting surface can describe the morphological characteristics of stratum surfaces more accurately and the principal curvature values vary within a wide range and may be more suitable for the prediction of the distribution of structural fractures. The moving least square method could be useful in curved surface fitting and stratum curvature analysis.

关键词：地层计算方法曲率最小二乘法构造裂缝

Role of metasomatized mantle lithosphere in the formation of giant lode gold deposits:Insights from sulfur isotope and geochemistry of sulfides

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第5期14卷 153-172页

作者： Baisong Du Zuoman Wang M.Santosh Yuke Shen Shufei Liu Jiajun Liu Kexin Xu Jun Deng China National gold Group corporation Limited Beijing 100011China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth Sciences and ResourcesChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Department of Earth Science University of AdelaideAdelaide SA 5005Australia Laboratory of Dynamic Digenesis and Metallogenesis Institute of GeomechanicsChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210046China

The Wulong deposit is one of the largest quartz vein-type gold deposits with at least 80 tons of identified gold reserves in the eastern part of the Liaodong *** orebodies are mainly hosted in the Late Jurassic gneissic two-mica granite and Early Cretaceous diorite dykes,and are structurally controlled by the NNE-and NW-trending *** mineralization mainly occurs as veins with lenticular shapes and is closely associated with sulfides and Bi *** studies on the deposit mainly focused on its geological characteristics,fluid inclusions and the timing of gold ***,the extreme enrichment mechanism of gold,the geodynamic setting and ore source of the gold deposit remain *** we present results from geochemical studies of pyrite and pyrrhotite at Wulong to address these *** can be grouped into euhedral(Po1)and anhedral(Po2)varieties based on the *** generations of pyrite were identified based on petrographic studies:Py1 is coarse-grained subhedral to euhedral crystal coexisting with milky quartz,and Au-depleted in composition;Py2 is represented by medium-grained,subhedral to anhedral pyrite coexisting with euhedral Po1,smoky quartz and minor chalcopyrite;Py3 occurs as fined-grained anhedral grains in the quartz-polymetallic sulfide veins;Py4 occurs as veinlets or aggregates in the quartz-calcite veins and contains the lowest Au *** time-resolved LA-ICP-MS ablation depth profiles of sulfides combined with detailed petrological observations indicate that gold mainly occurs either as invisible solid solution within the crystal lattice of sulfides,to some extent,or as small blebs of native gold and *** close temporal and spatial relationships among native bismuth,native gold and Bi-Te-S minerals suggest that Bi-rich melts may have significantly sequestered gold from the hydrothermal fluids in the Wulong gold *** from auriferous quartz veins have a restricted D

关键词： Sulfides Sulfur isotope Wulong gold deposit Liaodong Peninsula