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Application of Machine Learning Methods on Climate Data and Commercial Microwave Link Attenuations for Estimating Meteorological Visibility in Dusty Condition

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Engineering（科研） 2022年第2期14卷 85-93页

作者： Wend Yam Serge Boris Ouedraogo Sibiri Tiemounou Moumouni Djibo Ali Doumounia Serge Roland sanou Moumouni sawadogo Idrissa Guira François Zougmore Laboratoire Matériaux et Environnement Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut du Génie Informatique et Télécommunications Ecole Polytechnique de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Ecole Normale Supérieure Koudougou Burkina Faso Autorité de Régulation des Communications électroniques et des Postes Ouagadougou Burkina Faso telecel faso sa Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Accurately measuring meteorological visibility is an important factor in road, sea, rail, and air transportation safety, especially under visibility-reducing weather events. This paper deals with the application of Machine Learning methods to estimate meteorological visibility in dusty conditions, from the power levels of commercial microwave links and weather data including temperature, dew point, wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric pressure. Three well-known Machine Learning methods are investigated: Decision Trees, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machines. The correlation coefficient and the mean square error, between the visibility distances estimated by Machine Learning methods and those provided by Burkina faso weather services are computed. Except for the SVM method, all the other methods give a correlation coefficient greater than 0.90. The Random Forest method presents the best result both in terms of correlation coefficient (0.97) and means square error (0.60). For this last method, the best variables that explain the model are selected by evaluating the weight of each variable in the model. The best performance is obtained by considering the attenuation of the microwave signal and the dew point.

关键词： Meteorological Visibility Commercial Microwave Link Machine Learning Climate Parameters Dust Attenuation

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Slope Stability Analysis: Case of the West Wall of the EMZ Pit at the Essakane Gold Mine in Burkina faso (West Africa)

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Geomaterials 2023年第4期13卷 109-123页

作者： Hamma Fabien Yonli Michée Banyua Lompo Nicolas Kagambega Pierre sawadogo Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénierie Universitéde Fada N’Gourma Fada N’Gourma Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Mine Service Technique IAMGOLD ESSAKANE SA Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Knowledge of the state of stability of mining pits is both a basic condition, an essential axis and a safety benchmark for mining operations. This stability is largely based on the knowledge of the rock mass sheltering the mining works and this requires a perfect characterization of all of its structural formations through mapping (manual or digital). The families of discontinuities, namely family 1 (bedding), family 2 (Joint 2) and family 3 (Joint 1) obtained through structural mapping in the Essakane open pit mine, made it possible to analyze the failure modes at the origin of rock instabilities. The respective dips of these different directional families are: 77˚ - 85˚/N 058˚ - 068˚, 66˚ - 74˚/N 133˚ - 143˚, 25˚ - 35˚/N115˚ - 130˚. An average safety factor of 4.3 was estimated for the area with a quality of the rock mass (RMR) estimated at 47. The results obtained reflect on the one hand the risks of instability associated with the quality of the rock mass studied and on the other hand highlights the state of stability of the study area.

关键词： Stability Cartography Discontinuities safety Factor Essakane

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Thermal Characterization of Concrete and Cement Mortar from Construction Sites and Industrial Production Units in the City of Ouagadougou with a View to Standardization in Energy Certification

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Engineering（科研） 2023年第6期15卷 396-415页

作者： saïdou Bamogo Fati Zoma Etienne Malbila David Y. K. Toguyeni Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of Environment (LPCE) University JKZ-UFR Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Thermal and Renewable Energy (LETRE) University JKZ-UFR Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Polytechnic School of Ouagadougou (EPO) Ouaga Burkina Faso

The present study allowed to carry out a thermal characterization of concrete and cement mortar. Thermal tests were carried out with the KD2 Pro device, on concrete and mortar samples taken from twenty-six (26) construction sites of office buildings and two (2) industrial production units in the city of Ouagadougou. The tests were carried out on rectangular specimens after four weeks (4) of conservation on the site of construction or production of materials. This study seeks to determine the thermal properties of the materials, in particular the thermal conductivity, the thermal diffusivity and the thermal capacity of the samples, in the real conditions of execution of the buildings and environment. The thermal conductivity varies from 1.413 to 1.965 W/m·K, 0.940 - 1.658 W/m·K and 0.703 - 1.149 W/m·K respectively for concrete, cinder block mortar and plaster mortar. Regarding the other properties, especially the capacity and thermal diffusivity, the values vary respectively, from 1070.59 - 1974.67 kJ/kg·K and (3.74 - 6.70) × 10-7 m2/s for concrete, from 1123.69 - 1586.81 kJ/kg·K and (3.38 - 5.65) × 10-7 m2/s for plaster mortar and 1202.51 - 1736.01 kJ/kg·K and (3.82 - 7.36) × 10-7 m2/s for the mortar of building blocks. The conductivity, capacity and thermal diffusivity of industrial mortar vary from 1.019 - 1.229 W/m·K, 792.18 - 1862.58 J/kg·K and (2.75 - 6.80) × 10-7 m2/s, respectively. Only the correlations made between the thermal properties and the density of the samples of the plaster mortar, give good relations namely R2 = 0.9308 for the thermal conductivity, R2 = 0.7823 for the thermal capacity and R2 = 0.9272 for the thermal diffusivity. This study contributes to the establishment of a thermal regulation in Burkina faso for the adoption of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) Directive 05 on energy efficiency in buildings.

关键词： Concrete Mortar Thermal Conductivity Thermal Capacity Thermal Diffusivity

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Phytochemical Analysis and Contractile Effects of Aqueous and Hydroethanolic Extracts of Anastatica hierochuntica L. (Brassicaceae) on the Isolated Uterus of Mice

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2023年第8期14卷 252-270页

作者： Belem-Kabré Wendkouni Leila Marie Esther Nitiéma Mathieu Odjo Blondine saïdath Maman Noura Oumarou Yaro Boubacar Kaboré Boukaré Somda Gaëtan Donzéo Traoré Tata Kadiatou Koala Moumouni Ilboudo Sylvain Ouédraogo Moussa Kabré Elie Ouédraogo Noufou Laboratoire de Recherche-Développement de Phytomédicaments et Médicaments (LR-D/PM) Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire du Développement du Médicament (LADME)/Centre de Formation de Recherche et d’Expertises en Sciences du Médicament (CEA-CFOREM) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Physique Appliquée (LCOPA) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Agence Nationale pour la Sécurité sanitaire de l’Environnement de l’Alimentation du Travail et des Produits de Santé (ANSSEAT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Background: Anastatica hierochuntica L. (Brassicaceae) has been claimed to treat various conditions, including complicated childbirth. The principal objective of this research was to provide scientific evidence on the contractile effect of the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of the whole plant from A. hierochuntica during labor. Method: Qualitative and quantitative methods helped identify and quantify the phytoconstituents in both extracts. The antioxidant activity was studied using four standard methods (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and LPO). Results: The inhibitory power of the extracts on pro-inflammatory enzymes such as 15-lipoxygenase and phospholipase A2 was determined. The contractile effects of the extracts were evaluated using isolated pregnant mice uteri. Steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, and reduced compounds were identified in both extracts. The hydroethanolic extract exhibited higher content of hydrolyzable tannins (15.07 ± 0.24 mg tannic acid equivalent/g) than the aqueous decoction (11.8 ± 0.69 mg TAE/g). The extracts demonstrated the ability to scavenge DPPH and ABTS radicals, reduce ferric ions, and inhibit especially lipid peroxidation. No significant difference was noted in the phospholipase inhibition between the extracts and betamethasone. The hydroethanolic extract displayed the most significant anti-lipoxygenase activity with an IC50 value of 55.82 ± 1.15 μg/mL. The lethal dose (LD50) of extracts was estimated to be superior to 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw). The ability of the samples to produce one cm amplitude of contraction at 50% effective concentrations (EC50) was 5.33 × 10−8 ± 0.32 mg/mL for oxytocin, 1.51 ± 0.08 mg/mL for aqueous extract and 3.57 ± 0.61 mg/mL for hydroethanolic extract. Conclusion: These findings could provide evidence for using Anastatica hierochuntica to facilitate childbirth.

关键词： Anastatica hierochuntica Phytoconstituents Antioxidant Anti-Inflammatory Uterine Contractility

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The Rate of Caesarean Sections in Burkina faso’s Regional and University Hospitals According to the Classification System of Robson’s Ten Groups

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第2期11卷 210-219页

作者： Adama Ouattara Sibraogo Kiemtoré Issa Ouédraogo Yobi Alexis sawadogo Tieba Millogo Mady Bikienga Seni Kouanda Charlemagne Marie Ragnang-Newendé Ouédraogo Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics of the UFR/SDS of the Joseph KI ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Gynecology-Obstetrics Department of CHU-Ouahigouya Ouagadougou Burkina Faso African Institute of Public Health CHU-Ouahigouya Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Background: Quality assurance in labor and delivery is needed. The method must be simple and consistent, and be of universal value. The 10-Group Classification System is a simple method providing a common starting point for further detailed analysis within which all perinatal events and outcomes can be measured and compared. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze cesarean section (CS) rates using the classification system of Robson’s ten groups and to identify the main contributors to the overall CS rate in Burkina Faso’s regional and university hospitals. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study with retrospective collection was carried out. All women who gave birth between July 1, 2017 and June 30, 2018, in the Regional Hospital Centres (RHC) and University Hospital Centres (UHC) of Burkina Faso were classified according to the Robson ten-group method. The overall CS rates and in each Robson group were calculated, as well as the contribution of each group to the overall CS rate. Results: The CS rate was 26.5% (8543 out of 32,240 deliveries) during the study period. nulliparous women with single term pregnancy in cephalic presentation during spontaneous labour (group 1), multiparous women with single pregnancy in cephalic presentation, gestational age ≥37sa, spontaneous labour (group 3) and multiparous women with previous CS (group 5) were the main contributors (67.7%) to the overall CS rate. In addition, we observed a variation in CS rates between different hospitals, especially among women with full-term pregnancies in cephalic presentation without previous CS (groups 1 to 4), showing large dif

关键词： Caesarean Section Robson’s Group Burkina faso

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Quality Control of First Trimester Ultrasound Examinations in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of the University Teaching Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo (UTH-YO) of Ouagadougou, Burkina faso

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018年第13期8卷 1399-1413页

作者： Ouattara Adama Nde Ouédraogo Nina Astrid Lankoandé Bako Natacha Ouédraogo Smaila Nare Amelie Tougma sanou Aline sawadogo Yobi Alexis Millogo Traoré Francoise Ouédraogo Marie Charlemagne Ouédraogo Ali Thieba Bonané Blandine Training and Research Unit in Health Sciences (TRU/HS) University Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph KI ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics The University Teaching Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo of Ouagadougou (UTH-YO) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics The Bogodogo University Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou (UTH-B) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Objective: To evaluate the quality of first trimester ultrasound examinations in patients consulting in the gynecology and obstetrics department at the University Teaching Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo (UTH-YO) of Ouagadougou. Method: Our study took place from January 1st to March 31st 2017, in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University Teaching Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo of Ouagadougou. This was a descriptive study on the records of the first trimester ultrasound of pregnancy, with analysis of the iconography. We used the criteria of the Technical Committee of Fetal Echography (TCFE) of France to analyse all the ultrasound reports brought by the patients. Results: Two hundred reports were collected in three months. In terms of ultrasound identification, only 2 reports out of 200 mentioned the brand and date of first circulation and 4 specified the type of device. The study of the quality of the appointment showed that only 52% of the ultrasounds had been performed at the right time, between 11sa - 14sa of amenorrhea. For the nuchal translucency quality, we rated by the Herman score, 41.67% of the scores were of “unacceptable” quality and only 58.33% were of “acceptable” quality we did not achieve “excellent” quality. The analysis of the biparietal diameter (BIP) cuts revealed that 1/4 only anatomical cuts had been well made. Analysis of the cranio caudal length (CCL) cuts showed that only 14.58% of the CCLs had been well done. Elements of early morphology had been explored to less than 5%. Conclusion: The results revealed the acceptable quality of the NC measurements, but a small proportion of NC achieved. The quality of the ultrasound, morphological analysis and biometrics period is not very acceptable.

关键词： Ultrasonography First Trimester Reports UTH-YO

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Impact of HIV/AIDS on mortality and nutritional recovery among hospitalized severely malnourished children before starting antiretroviral treatment

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2013年第4期3卷 340-345页

作者： Léon G. Blaise savadogo Philippe Donnen Fla Kouéta Eléonore Kafando Philippe Hennart Michèle Dramaix CR2-Epidemiology-Biostatistics-Clinical Research School of Public Health Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels Belgium Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Child and Mother Health Nutrition and Survival Unit Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé (IN.S.SA) Bobo Dioulasso University Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Ouagadougou Pediatric Hospital and University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

In low income countries, severe acute malnutrition remains a major problem for HIV-infected children and an important risk factor for mortality. This study aims to analyze HIV impact on mortality rate and nutritional recovery among severely malnourished HIV/AIDS uninfected and infected children. This was a retrospective cohort study conducted from data of 521 hospitalized severely malnourished children. We used Pearson’s Chi square test to compare proportions;and Student’s independent t-test to compare means;general linear model to analyze repeated measurements. We used mortality relative risk with confidence interval (CI 95%), Kaplan-Meir survival curves and Cox proportional hazard models to analyze the HIV impact on mortality rate. Case fatality rate differed significantly from saM HIV uninfected (10.7%) and HIV infected children (39.7%), p saM HIV infected children, and specific diet may be needed for more nutritional recovery. Effective interventions, updated and adapting to local country context, to improve survival of severely malnourished HIV/AIDS infected children in HIV and saM prevalent se

关键词： Mortality Severely Malnourished HIV/AIDS Children

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Antibiotics prescribed to febrile under-five children outpatients in urban public health services in Burkina faso

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Health 2014年第2期6卷 165-170页

作者： Léon G. Blaise savadogo Bernard Ilboudo Maurice Kinda Nacro Boubacar Philippe Hennart Michèle Dramaix Philippe Donnen Bobo-Dioulasso Pediatric Hospital and University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso CR2-Epidemiology-Biostatistics-Clinical Research School of Public Health Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels Belgium Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Child and Mother Health Nutrition and Survival Unit Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé (IN.S.SA) (Bobo Dioulasso University) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Appropriate use of antibiotics remains critical for success in achieving MDG4. The aim of this study was to investigate antibiotics prescribing practices to febrile under-five children outpatients in urban public health services in a low income country. Methods: From March to April 2013, a cross-sectional epidemiological study of care facilities visit by under-five age, for febrile illness, was carried out in urban health services in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina faso. Patient demographics, diagnoses and medications were recorded. We calculated for each diagnoses several indicators for antibiotics use. Results: Our study showed an over-prescription of antibiotics at the university teaching hospital (78.08%) and at the first level facilities (57.71%) for under-five outpatients for febrile illness. There was evidence of high antibiotic prescription in children with diarrhea (more than 9 on 10 at university teaching hospital of diarrhea cases and 60% at the first level facilities), in children with Upper respiratory tract infections (respectively 60% and 85.2% of cases at university teaching hospital and at the first level facilities) and in children with malaria (respectively 47.5% and 17.6% of cases at university teaching hospital and at the first level facilities). Overuse, misuse and inappropriately prescribed antibiotic coexisted in our results: at university teaching hospital 90.9% of diarrhea cases, 60% of URTI cases,?47.5% of malaria cases received antibiotic prescription;at first level heath care facilities 85.2% of URTI, 17.6% of malaria cases received an prescribed antibiotic and 11.8% of LRTI did not received a prescribed antibiotic. Developing countries have poor access to newer antibiotics and irrational antibiotics use remains a global problem. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics combat, rigorous infectious diseases diagnosis, antimicrobial resistance consequences education of users and health professional’s prescribers, and improved surveillance of antimicrobia

关键词： Antibiotics Children Febrile Outpatients Public Health Services

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Comparative Study of the Geomagnetic Activity Effect on foF2 Variation as Defined by the Two Classification Methods at Dakar Station over Solar Cycle Phases

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International Journal of Geosciences 2020年第8期11卷 501-517页

作者： Sibri Alphonse sandwidi Doua Allain Gnabahou Frédéric Ouattara Laboratoire de Recherche en Energétique et Météorologie de l’Espace (LAREME) de l’Université Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso

This paper aims to establish a comparison between both geomagnetic activity classification methods on foF2 diurnal variation over solar cycle phases. It concerns first a comparison of geomagnetic activity occurrences according to both classification methods;and second the geomagnetic effect on foF2 diurnal variation profiles as defined for the equatorial latitudes. The occurrences of the different disturbed geomagnetic activities (recurrent activity (RA), shock activity (sa) and fluctuant activity (FA)) according to both classifications (ancient classification (AC) and new classification (NC)) have been studied at Dakar ionosonde station (Lat: 14.8°N;Long: 342.6°E). Regarding both classifications, the RA occurs more during the decreasing phase. And it’s observed that the RA occurs the most during the increasing phase for the AC and during the minimum phase for the NC. The maximum gap of occurrence () between both classifications is ᆟ.1% (for the negative value which is observed during the increasing phase) and +16.74% (for the positive one which is observed during the decreasing phase). The occurrence of the SA in relation with both classifications is the lowest during the minimum phase and the maximum occurrence is observed during the maximum and decreasing phases, for the AC, with a value close to 37% and for the NC at the maximum phase with a percentage of 54.47%

关键词： Geomagnetic Activity Classification Method Solar Cycle Phases foF2 Diurnal Profile

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Induced Resistance to <i>Striga hermonthica</i>in Sorghum by Gamma Irradiation

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第10期11卷 1545-1561页

作者： Minimassom P. Nikièma Djibril Yonli Harimialimalala J. Rabefiraisana Adel Ali Nofou Ouédraogo Hamidou Traoré Hamidou Y. A. Yanogo Karim Dao Mahamadou sawadogo Ljupcho Jankuloski Ingelbrecht Ivan Mukhtar Ali Ghanim Abdelbagi Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Faculty of Sciences University of Antananarivo Antananarivo Analamanga Madagascar Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications (NAFA) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Seibersdorf Austria Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso NAFA IAEA Vienna International Center Vienna Austria

Striga species affect the potential productivity of cereals in sub-saharian Africa due to the lack of durable Striga-resistance in host crops. This study aimed at inducing the new source of resistance in sorghum usin... 详细信息

Striga species affect the potential productivity of cereals in sub-Saharian Africa due to the lack of durable Striga-resistance in host crops. This study aimed at inducing the new source of resistance in sorghum using gamma irradiation. Dry seeds of three Sorghum varieties;Grinkan, ICV1049 and Sariaso14 were gamma-irradiated with 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy. Screening strategies involved a 2-year field and greenhouse experiments, where mutant Sorghum families, their parents and resistant control were artificially infected with Striga hermonthica seeds. Field screenings revealed induced genetic variability among them, forty families significantly reduced the number of emerged Striga plants or showed good Sorghum grain yield performance despite the infection by S. hermonthica ecotype from Burkina Faso. The induced putative resistant mutants were identified across the four applied gamma-irradiation doses. Greenhouse experiment confirmed Striga resistance in seven mutant Sorghum families leading to no emergence of Burkina’s S. hermonthica ecotype along with high resistance index (RI) and low Striga damage score. Among them, two mutants SA38M5 and IC47M5 withstood S. hermonthica

关键词： Sorghum Induced Mutation Striga Resistance

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