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Syntheses and properties of associative acrylamide copolymers containing short hydrophobic chains used in a friction reducer for slick-water fracturing

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1889-1901页

作者： Ya-Xing Dai Xian-Li Zhang Si-Yuan Liu Feng-Run-Ze Zhang Yi-Xi Zhang Yu-Tong Sang Jing-Xi Zheng Zhao-Sheng Liu Peng Zhang College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University of Science and Technology College of Ecology and Environment Chongqing Resources and Environmental Protection of University China Property Project Department of Dezhou Mining Property Service Center Shengli Oilfield Company of Sinopec

Two allyldimethylalkyl quaternary ammonium salt（AQAS） monomers, N,N-dimethylallylphenylpropylammonium bromide（AQAS1） and N,N-dimethylallylnonylammonium bromide（AQAS2）, were synthesized and used to prepare modified polyacrylamide materials. Two new drag reducers were synthesized from acrylamide（AM）, sodium acrylate（Na AA） and a cationic modified monomer（AQAS1 or AQAS2） via aqueous solution polymerization, and the copolymers were named P（AM/Na AA/AQAS1） and P（AM/Na AA/AQAS2）, respectively. The structures of the drag reduction agents were confirmed by IR and1H NMR spectroscopies. The molecular weight（Mw） of P（AM/Na AA/AQAS1） was 1.79 × 10～6g/mol. When the copolymer concentration was 1000 mg/L and the flow rate was 45 L/min, in fresh water the highest drag reduction rate was 75.8%, in 10,000 mg/L Na Cl solution the drag reduction rate decreased to 72.9%. The molecular weight of P（AM/Na AA/AQAS2） was 3.17 × 10～6g/mol. When the copolymer concentration was500 mg/L and the flow rate was 45 L/min, the drag reduction rate reached 75.2%, and in 10,000 mg/L Na Cl solution the drag reduction rate was 73.3%, decreased by approximately 1.9%. The drag reduction rate for partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide（HPAM） was also investigated, and the results showed that the drag reduction rates for 500 and 1000 mg/L HPAM solutions were merely 43.2% and 49.0% in brine, respectively. Compared with HPAM, both of the above copolymers presented better drag reduction capacities.

关键词： Shale gas Slick water Drag reducer Modified monomer Copolymerization

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An Experimental Analysis of Gas-Liquid Flow Breakdown in a T-Junction

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第6期20卷 1381-1392页

作者： Lihui Ma Zhuo Han Wei Li Guangfeng Qi Ran Cheng Yuanyuan Wang Xiangran Mi Xiaohan Zhang Yunfei Li Technical inspection center Sinopec Shengli Oilfield CompanyDongying257000China New Energy Development center Sinopec Shengli Oilfield CompanyDongying257000China China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Company Ltd.Beijing100034China

When a gas-liquid two-phase flow(GLTPF)enters a parallel separator through a T-junction,it generally splits unevenly.This phenomenon can seriously affect the operation efficiency and safety of the equipment located downstream.In order to investigate these aspects and,more specifically,the so-called bias phenomenon(all gas and liquid flowing to one pipe,while the other pipe is a liquid column that fluctuates up and down),laboratory experiments were carried out by using a T-junction connected to two parallel vertical pipes.Moreover,a GLTPF prediction model based on the principle of minimum potential energy was introduced.The research results indicate that this model can accurately predict the GLTPF state in parallel risers.The boundary of the slug flow and the churn flow in the opposite pipe can be predicted.Overall,according to the results,the pressure drop curves of the two-phase flow in the parallel risers are basically the same when there is no bias phenomenon,but the pressure drop in the parallel riser displays a large deviation when there is a slug flow-churn flow.Only when the parallel riser is in a state of asymmetric flow and one of the risers produces churn flow,the two-phase flow is prone to produce the bias phenomenon.

关键词： Two-phase flow T-junction split model entrance effect mechanism model improved model

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Experimental Investigation of Regular or Wavy Two-Phase Flow in a Manifold

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2023年第1期19卷 37-50页

作者： Xiaowei Nie Lihui Ma Yiqiu Xu Dong Sun Weibo Zheng Liang Zhou Xiaodong Wang Xiaohan Zhang Weijia Dong Yunfei Li Sionpec shengli oilfield Company Dongying257000China Technical inspection center Sionpec Shengli Oilfield CompanyDongying257000China Offshore Oil Engineering Co. Ltd.Dongying257000China

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the properties of stratified regular or wavy two-phase flow in two parallel separators located after a manifold.A total of 103 experiments with various gas and liquid velocity combinations in three inlet pipes were conducted,including 77 groups of outlet pipe resistance symmetry and 26 groups of outlet pipe resistance asymmetry trials.The experimental results have revealed that when the gas-liquid flow rate is low,the degree of uneven splitting is high,and“extreme”conditions are attained.When the superficial gas velocity is greater than that established in the extreme case,the direction of the liquid-phase displacement is reversed,while that of the gas remains unchanged.Thus,the degree of gas phase bias tends to be mitigated with an increase in the gas velocity,while the uneven splitting degree of liquid approaches 10%.Finally,varying the gas-phase outlet pipe resistance is shown to effectively change the gas-liquid two-phase flow distribution.

关键词： Uneven phase distribution two-phase flow manifold asymmetric resistance

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Title Supersonic Condensation and Separation Characteristics of CO_(2)-Rich Natural Gas under Different Pressures

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Energy Engineering 2023年第2期120卷 529-540页

作者： Yong Zheng Lei Zhao YujiangWang Feng Chang Weijia Dong Xinying Liu Yunfei Li Xiaohan Zhang Ziyuan Zhao Engineering Management center Sinopec Shengli Oilfield CompanyDongying257000China Technical inspection center Sinopec Shengli Oilfield CompanyDongying257000China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation Safety College of Pipeline and Civil EngineeringChina University of PetroleumQingdao266580China

Supersonic separation technology is a new natural gas sweetening method for the treatment of natural gas with high CO_(2)(carbon dioxide)content.The structures of the Laval nozzle and the supersonic separator were designed,and the mathematical models of supersonic condensation and swirling separation for CO_(2)-CH4 mixture gas were established.The supersonic condensation characteristics of CO_(2) in natural gas and the separation characteristics of condensed droplets under different inlet pressures were studied.The results show that higher inlet pressure results in a larger droplet radius and higher liquid phase mass fraction;additionally,the influence of centrifugal force is more pronounced,and the separation efficiency and removal efficiency of CO_(2) are higher.When the inlet pressure is 6 and 9 MPa,the liquefaction efficiency at the Laval nozzle outlet increases from 56.90%to 79.97%,and the outlet droplet radius increases from 0.39 to 0.72μm,and the removal efficiency is 31.25%and 54.52%,respectively.The effects of inlet pressures on the removal efficiency of the supersonic separator are complicated and are controlled by the combined effects of liquefaction capacity of the nozzle and centrifugal separation capacity of the swirl vane.

关键词： Supersonic separator Laval nozzle natural gas carbon dioxide condensation separation

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Study on the effect of CH_(4) dissolution on the microstructure of wax crystal in waxy crude oil

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Petroleum Science 2022年第4期19卷 1853-1865页

作者： Bing-Fan Li Man-Ping Yang Gang Liu Li-Ming Zheng Chao Yang School of Vehicles and Energy Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004HebeiChina University of Petroleum(East China) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil&GasStorage and Transportation SafetyQingdao266580ShandongChina technology inspection center of shengli oilfield SINOPECDongying257000China

In this work, the influence of the dissolution of methane(CH_(4)) gas on the wax crystal of waxy crude oil and the effect on the rheology of crude oil by dissolved CH_(4) were studied comprehensively. A self-deign high-pressure micro visualization device was developed to analyze wax crystals before and after gas dissolution. The crude oil from shengli and Nanyang was tested by the device under various gas pressures. Results showed that the viscosity, maximum shear stress and equilibrium shear stress of shengli crude oil decreased with the increasing pressure of the dissolved CH_(4). Due to the supersaturation of dissolved gas, the viscosity, maximum shear stress and equilibrium shear stress of Nanyang crude oil decreased initially and increased with the increasing pressure of dissolved CH_(4). The change in rheology of the dissolved gas crude oil can be a combined influence of gas pressure and dissolution mechanisms caused by CH_(4). Additionally, the wax precipitation point of shengli crude oil decreased at the saturated dissolution of CH_(4), while Nanyang crude oil showed an increasing wax precipitation temperature.Notably, the wax precipitation area, number of wax particles, and average diameter of wax crystal in both crude oils gradually decreased with dissolution. However, a saturation of CH_(4) caused a small amount of precipitation of wax crystals in Nanyang crude oil, and the small wax crystals were aggregated to form the large wax crystals. The dissolution of CH_(4) gas can affect the wax crystallization process, crystallization ability, and morphology of wax crystals that resulted in significant variation in the rheology of crude oil.

关键词： Waxy crude oil CH_(4)dissolution Wax crystal Rheology Mechanism

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The construction of pseudo-Janus silica/surfactant assembly and their application to stabilize Pickering emulsions and enhance oil recovery

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022年第7期16卷 1101-1113页

作者： Han Jia Jiajun Dai Tingyi Wang Yingbiao Xu Lingyu Zhang Jianan Wang Lin Song Kaihe Lv Dexin Liu Pan Huang Shandong Key Laboratory of oilfield Chemistry School of Petroleum EngineeringChina University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil&Gas Development(China University of Petroleum(East China)) Ministry of EducationQingdao 266580China technology inspection center Shengli Oilfield CompanySINOPECDongying 257000China Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Alberta EdmontonAB T6G 1H9Canada

Nanoparticles with high surface energy and chemical activity have drawn substantial attention in petroleum industry. Recently, Janus nanoparticles exhibited tremendous potential in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) due to their asymmetric structures and properties. In this study, a series of amphiphilic pseudo-Janus@OTAB (PJ@C18) nanoparticles with different concentrations of stearyltrimethylammoium bromide (OTAB) were successfully fabricated. The structures and properties of PJ@C18 were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ζ-potential measurements. Based on the emulsification experimental results, the interaction models and the self-assembly behavior between hydrophilic nanoparticles (SiO_(2)@NH_(2)) and OTAB molecules at the oil/water interface were proposed, which was further confirmed via the measurements of the contact angle and dynamic interfacial tension. Interestingly, it was found that the change of pH value from 7.5 to 4.0 caused the type reversal of the PJ@C18-1000 stabilized Pickering emulsions. Furthermore, the PJ@C18-1000 stabilized Pickering emulsion system with excellent salt and temperature tolerances (10000 mg∙L^(–1), 90℃) significantly improved the oil recovery in the single-tube (more than 17%) and double-tube (more than 25%) sand pack model flooding tests. The findings of this study could help to better understand the construction mechanism of pseudo-Janus silica/surfactant assembly and the potential application of PJ@C18-1000 stabilized Pickering emulsions for EOR.

关键词： Janus nanoparticles surfactant double phase inversion self-assembly enhanced oil recovery

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Geochemical characteristics of Carboniferous volcanic rocks from the Wulungu-Luliang area, Junggar basin: constraints on magma source and tectonic setting

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2015年第4期34卷 515-524页

作者： Wei Liu Kuihua Zhang Guanlong Zhang Peiming Zhou Qizhi Wang School of Resources and Geosciences China University of Mining and Technology The West Research center Company of Sinopec Shengli Oilfield

The Carboniferous volcanic rocks in the Wulungu-Luliang area are mainly andesites of medium- to high-K calc-alkalic series. Volcanic rock samples have relatively high alkali(Na2O + K2 O = 4.7 % to 6.8 %) and low Ti O2contents(0.7 % to 0.9 %), relatively high Mg O(2.5 % to 3.4 %) and Mg#(49.9 % to 67.1 %), high rare earth element(REE) contents, and relatively high K2 O contents(1.7 % to 3.1 %). Chondrite-normalized REE patterns show light REE enrichment((La/Yb)N= 4.15 to 5.19)with weak Eu anomalies(d Eu = 0.75 to 0.92). These samples are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements but relatively depleted in high field strength elements. The trace elements and REE patterns are similar to those of Setouchi and central Ryukyu high-Mg andesites, indicating a highMg andesite source. Relatively high Y contents(16.7 to24.4 ppm), and relatively low Sr/Y ratios(17.2 to 38.8) and Ti O2contents(0.7 % to 0.9 %) exclude the possibility of slab melting. Low Sr/Nd(16.6 to 42.8), Ba/Th(66.4 to266.8), and U/Th(0.2 to 0.3) indicate that the influence of slab-derived fluids is low. The ratios of Ce/Th(4.9–7.3), Ce/Pb(1.8–4.2), Ba/Rb(7.99–22.03), Ba/Th(66.4–266.8), and La/Sm(3.6–4.3) are similar to ratios found in subducting sediment melts. Relatively high ratios of K/Nb(1357–3258),Th/La(0.28–0.42), Zr/Nb(8.8–27.1), and especially Th/Nb(0.48–1.25) suggest that the magma was assimilated and contaminated by upper continental crust. These characteristics, along with the ratios of La/Yb, Sc/Ni, Th/Yb, Ta/Yb,Ce/P2O5, and Zr/Ti O2, demonstrate that the earlier Carboniferous volcanic rocks in the Wulungu-Luliang area were generated in a continental island-arc setting.

关键词：火山岩地球化学特征石炭系岩浆源准噶尔盆地构造背景古陆高钾钙碱性系列

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Analysis of petrophysical cutoffs of reservoir intervals with production capacity and with accumulation capacity in clastic reservoirs

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Petroleum Science 2014年第2期11卷 211-219页

作者： Wang Yanzhong Cao Yingchang Song Guoqi Song Ling Yang Tian Zhang Shaomin School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum Geological Science Research Institute Shengli Oilfield SINOPEC Western New Prospect Research center of shengli oilfield SINOPEC

Methodologies have been developed for calculating cutoffs of reservoir intervals with production capacity （RIPC） and reservoir intervals with accumulation capacity （RIAC） according to the types of pore throat structures and dynamic force by using data from petrophysical analysis, production tests and mercury injection. The data are from clastic reservoirs in the third member （Es3） and the fourth member （Es4） of the Shahejie Formation in the Shengtuo area on the North Slope of the Dongying Sag, Jiyang Depression, China. The method of calculating cutoffs of RIPC is summarized as follows： 1） determination of permeability cutoffs of RIPC; 2） classification of types of pore-throat structures according to mercury injection data and then relating porosity to permeability and determining the relationship between porosity and permeability according to each type of pore-throat structure; and 3） calculating porosity cutoffs of RIPC using established correlation between porosity and permeability according to the type of pore throat structure. The method of calculating cutoffs of RIAC includes： 1） establishing a functional relationship between oil-water interracial tension and formation temperature; 2） calculating limiting values of maximum connected pore-throat radii according to formation temperature and dynamic forces of each reservoir interval; 3） correlating permeability with maximum connected pore-throat radius and then obtaining permeability cutoffs of RIAC; and 4） calculating porosity cutoffs on the basis of permeability cutoffs according to specific correlations, suitable for the type of porethroat structure. The results of this study show that porosity and permeability cutoffs of clastic reservoirs decrease with depth. For a fixed permeability cutoff, the porosity cutoff of R1PC varies because the type of pore throat is different. At a fixed temperature, porosity and permeability cutoffs of RIAC decrease as dynamic force increases. For a fixed permeability cutoff of effective hydrocarbon accumulation, the porosity c

关键词： Effective reservoir petrophysical cutoff of reservoir intervals with production capacity（RIPC） petrophysical cutoff of reservoir intervals with accumulation capacity （RIAC） clastic rocks

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Mechanism of diagenetic trap formation in nearshore subaqueous fans on steep rift lacustrine basin slopes—A case study from the Shahejie Formation on the north slope of the Minfeng Subsag, Bohai Basin, China

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Petroleum Science 2014年第4期11卷 481-494页

作者： Wang Yanzhong Cao Yingchang Ma Benben Liu Huimin Gao Yongjin Chen Lin School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum Geological Science Research Institute of shengli oilfield SINOPEC Western New Prospect Research center of shengli oilfield SINOPEC

Diagenetic traps in conglomerate in nearshore subaqueous fans in the steep slope zones of rift basins have been important exploration targets for subtle reservoirs in eastern China. However, the mechanism of how those traps were formed is not clear, which inhibits further exploration for this type of reservoir. In order to solve the problem, we take as an example nearshore subaqueous fans in the upper part of the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation （Es4s） on the north slope of the Minfeng Subsag in the Dongying Sag. Combining different research methods, such as core observation, thin section examination, scanning electron microscope （SEM） observation, fluid-inclusion analysis, carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of carbonate cements, and analysis of core properties, we studied the genetic mechanisms of diagenetic traps on the basis of diagenetic environment evolution and diagenetic evolution sequence in different sub/micro-facies. Conglomerate in Es4s in the north Minfeng Subsag experienced several periods of transition between alkaline and acidic environments as ＂alkaline-acidic-alkaline-acidic-weak alkaline＂. As a result, dissolution and cementation are also very complex, and the sequence is ＂early pyrite cementation / siderite cementation / gypsum cementation / calcite and dolomite cementation- feldspar dissolution / quartz overgrowth quartz dissolution / ferroan calcite cementation / ankerite cementation / lime-mud matrix recrystallization / feldspar overgrowth carbonate dissolution / feldspar dissolution / quartz overgrowth / pyrite cementation＂. The difference in sedimentary characteristics between different sub/micro-facies of nearshore subaqueous fans controls diagenetic characteristics. Inner fan conglomerates mainly experienced compaction and lime-mud matrix recrystallization, with weak dissolution, which led to a reduction in the porosity and permeability crucial to reservoir formation. Lime-mud matrix recrystallization results in a rapid decrease in porosity and permeability in inner fan conglomera

关键词： Nearshore subaqueous fan diagenetic trap genetic mechanism Dongying Sag rift basin,lacustrine basin

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Effect of anodic dissolution and passivation on X80 steel in NaHCO_(3) solution

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Petroleum Science 2021年第1期18卷 285-294页

作者： Lai-Shun Yang Chao Yang College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590ShandongChina technology inspection center of shengli oilfield SINOPECDongying 257000ShandongChina China University of Petroleum(East China) Qingdao 266580ShandongChina

The effects of extreme stray current on the anodic dissolution and passivation of X80 steel in NaHCO3 solution were investigated using measurements of polarization curves and EIS,AFM and SEM techniques.Under the interference of anodic current(i=0~200 A/m2),main constituents of corrosion products of X80 steel were FeO(OH)and Fe3 O4.A double-layer film formed at i=00 A/m2,in which FeOOH was in outer and Fe3 O4 lied in inner.The formation mechanism of Fe3 O4 was confirmed and described by the electrochemical reaction in various regions on anodic potentiodynamic polarization curve.

关键词： Anodic current Passivation X80 steel Fe3O4 Near-neutral solution

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