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AutoQNN: An End-to-End Framework for Automatically Quantizing Neural Networks

Journal of Computer Science & technology 2024年第2期39卷 401-420页

作者：龚成卢冶代素蓉邓倩杜承昆李涛 College of software Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China College of Computer Science Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China State Key Laboratory of Processors Institute of Computing TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China

Exploring the expected quantizing scheme with suitable mixed-precision policy is the key to compress deep neural networks(DNNs)in high efficiency and *** exploration implies heavy workloads for domain experts,and an automatic compression method is ***,the huge search space of the automatic method introduces plenty of computing budgets that make the automatic process challenging to be applied in real *** this paper,we propose an end-to-end framework named AutoQNN,for automatically quantizing different layers utilizing different schemes and bitwidths without any human *** can seek desirable quantizing schemes and mixed-precision policies for mainstream DNN models efficiently by involving three techniques:quantizing scheme search(QSS),quantizing precision learning(QPL),and quantized architecture generation(QAG).QSS introduces five quantizing schemes and defines three new schemes as a candidate set for scheme search,and then uses the Differentiable Neural Architecture Search(DNAS)algorithm to seek the layer-or model-desired scheme from the *** is the first method to learn mixed-precision policies by reparameterizing the bitwidths of quantizing schemes,to the best of our *** optimizes both classification loss and precision loss of DNNs efficiently and obtains the relatively optimal mixed-precision model within limited model size and memory *** is designed to convert arbitrary architectures into corresponding quantized ones without manual intervention,to facilitate end-to-end neural network *** have implemented AutoQNN and integrated it into *** experiments demonstrate that AutoQNN can consistently outperform state-of-the-art *** 2-bit weight and activation of AlexNet and ResNet18,AutoQNN can achieve the accuracy results of 59.75%and 68.86%,respectively,and obtain accuracy improvements by up to 1.65%and 1.74%,respectively,compared with state-of-the-art ***,c

关键词： automatic quantization mixed precision quantizing scheme search quantizing precision learning quan-tized architecture generation

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Security and Privacy in Solar Insecticidal Lamps Internet of Things:Requirements and Challenges

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第1期11卷 58-73页

作者： Qingsong Zhao Lei Shu Kailiang Li Mohamed Amine Ferrag Ximeng Liu Yanbin Li the College of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210031 the State Key Laboratory for Novel software technology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023 the State Key Laboratory of Cryptology Beijing 100878China IEEE the School of Engineering University of LincolnLincoln LN67TSUK the Artificial Intelligence and Digital Science Research center Technology Innovation InstituteMasdar City 9639UAE the College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China

Solar insecticidal lamps(SIL) can effectively control pests and reduce the use of pesticides. Combining SIL and Internet of Things(IoT) has formed a new type of agricultural IoT,known as SIL-IoT, which can improve the effectiveness of migratory phototropic pest control. However, since the SIL is connected to the Internet, it is vulnerable to various security *** issues can lead to serious consequences, such as tampering with the parameters of SIL, illegally starting and stopping SIL,etc. In this paper, we describe the overall security requirements of SIL-IoT and present an extensive survey of security and privacy solutions for SIL-IoT. We investigate the background and logical architecture of SIL-IoT, discuss SIL-IoT security scenarios, and analyze potential attacks. Starting from the security requirements of SIL-IoT we divide them into six categories, namely privacy, authentication, confidentiality, access control, availability,and integrity. Next, we describe the SIL-IoT privacy and security solutions, as well as the blockchain-based solutions. Based on the current survey, we finally discuss the challenges and future research directions of SIL-IoT.

关键词： Challenges Internet of Things(IoT) privacy and security security requirements solar insecticidal lamps(SIL)

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Understanding the corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Magnesium composites – a critical review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 890-939页

作者： Prithivirajan Sekar S.K.Panigrahi Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India Applied Magnesium Research center Center of Excellence in Materials and Manufacturing for Futuristic MobilityIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India

Realising the potential of Magnesium(Mg),several globally leading ventures have invested in the Mg industry,but their relatively poor corrosion resistance is a never ending saga till *** corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg has gained research attention and still remains a hot topic in the application of automobile,aerospace and biomedical *** intrinsic high electrochemical nature of Mg limits their utilization in diverse *** scenario has prompted the development of Mg composites with an aim to achieve superior corrosion and bio-corrosion *** present review enlightens the influence of grain size(GS),secondary phase,texture,type of matrix and reinforcement on the corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg ***,the corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg composites manufactured by primary and secondary processing routes are ***,the comprehensive corrosion and bio-corrosion mechanisms of these Mg composites are ***,the individual role of GS,texture and corrosive medium on corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg composites are clarified and *** challenges encountered,unanswered issues in this field are explained in detail and accordingly the scope for future research is *** review is presented from basic concrete background to advanced corrosion mechanisms with an aim of creating interest among the readers like students,researchers and industry experts from various research ***,the corrosion and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg composites are critically reviewed for the first time to:(i)contribute to the body of knowledge,(ii)foster research and development,(iii)make breakthrough,and(iv)create life changing innovations in the field of Mg composite corrosion.

关键词： Corrosion Bio corrosion Magnesium alloys Magnesium composites Magnesium implants.

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N-glycosylation of Wnt3 regulates the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by affecting Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第6期16卷 2769-2780页

作者： Xin-Zhan Zhang Xiao-Chuan Mo Zhu-Ting Wang Rong Sun Da-Quan Sun Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology&Research center for basic Medical Sciences Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025Guizhou ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Wnt/FZD-mediated signaling pathways are activated in more than 90%of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cell *** a well-known secretory glycoprotein,Wnt3 can interact with FZD receptors on the cell surface,thereby activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling ***,the N-glycosylation modification site of Wnt3 and the effect of this modification on the biological function of the protein are still *** To investigate the effect of Wnt3 N-glycosylation on the biological function of HCC *** Site-directed mutagenesis was used to verify the Wnt3 N-glycosylation sites,actinomycin D treatment was used to detect the stability of Wnt3 after site-directed mutation,the binding of the N-glycosylation site-directed mutant Wnt3 to FZD7 was observed by laser confocal microscopy,and the effects of the N-glycosylation site-directed mutation of Wnt3 on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the progression of HCC cells were detected by western blot and cell function *** Wnt3 has two N-glycosylation-modified sites(Asn90 and Asn301);when a single site at amino acid 301 is mutated,the stability of Wnt3 is weakened;the binding ability of Wnt3 to FZD7 decreases when both sites are mutated simultaneously;and the level of proteins related to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is *** proliferation,migration and invasion are also weakened in the case of single 301 site and double-site *** These results indicate that by inhibiting the N-glycosylation of Wnt3,the proliferation,migration,invasion and colony formation abilities of liver cancer cells can be weakened,which might provide new therapeutic strategies for clinical liver cancer in the future.

关键词： Wnt3 N-glycosylation Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver cancer Wnt/β-catenin FZD7

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TRPC6 Knockout Alleviates Renal Fibrosis through PI3K/AKT/GSK3B Pathway

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Current Medical Science 2024年第3期44卷 589-602页

作者： An-bang SUN Fang-hua LI Lin ZHU Xi-xi ZENG Min ZHU Qing-hua LEI Yan-hong LIAO Department of Anatomy School of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China Department of Transfusion Medicine Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China Department of Nephrology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052China Department of Thoracic Surgery Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China National basic Medical Teaching Demonstration center Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China

Objective Renal fibrosis is the ultimate pathway of various forms of acute and chronic kidney ***,the knockout of transient receptor potential channel 6(TRPC6)has shown promise in alleviating renal ***,the regulatory impact of TRPC6 on renal fibrosis remains *** In vivo,TRPC6 knockout(TRPC6−/−)mice and age-matched 129 SvEv(WT)mice underwent unilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion(uIR)injury surgery on the left renal pedicle or sham *** and serum were collected on days 7,14,21,and 28 after *** vitro,primary tubular epithelial cells(PTECs)were isolated from TRPC6−/−and WT mice,followed by treatment with transforming growth factorβ1(TGFβ1)for 72 *** anti-fibrotic effect of TRPC6−/−and the underlying mechanisms were assessed through hematoxylin-eosin staining,Masson staining,immunostaining,qRT-PCR,and Western *** Increased TRPC6 expression was observed in uIR mice and PTECs treated with TGFβ***6−/−alleviated renal fibrosis by reducing the expression of fibrotic markers(Col-1,α-SMA,and vimentin),as well as decreasing the apoptosis and inflammation of PTECs during fibrotic progression both in vivo and in ***,we found that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta(GSK3β)signaling pathway,a pivotal player in renal fibrosis,was down-regulated following TRPC6 *** These results suggest that the ablation of TRPC6 may mitigate renal fibrosis by inhibiting the apoptosis and inflammation of PTECs through down-regulation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β*** TRPC6 could be a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing chronic kidney disease.

关键词： transient receptor potential channel 6 ischemia-reperfusion injury renal fibrosis renal tubular epithelial cells

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A novel triple periodic minimal surface-like plate lattice and its data-driven optimization method for superior mechanical properties

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第2期45卷 217-238页

作者： Yanda WANG Yanping LIAN Zhidong WANG Chunpeng WANG Daining FANG State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems&center for Applied Physics and technology College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Advanced Structure technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Lattice structures can be designed to achieve unique mechanical properties and have attracted increasing attention for applications in high-end industrial equipment,along with the advances in additive manufacturing(AM)*** this work,a novel design of plate lattice structures described by a parametric model is proposed to enrich the design space of plate lattice structures with high connectivity suitable for AM *** parametric model takes the basic unit of the triple periodic minimal surface(TPMS)lattice as a skeleton and adopts a set of generation parameters to determine the plate lattice structure with different topologies,which takes the advantages of both plate lattices for superior specific mechanical properties and TPMS lattices for high connectivity,and therefore is referred to as a TPMS-like plate lattice(TLPL).Furthermore,a data-driven shape optimization method is proposed to optimize the TLPL structure for maximum mechanical properties with or without the isotropic *** this method,the genetic algorithm for the optimization is utilized for global search capability,and an artificial neural network(ANN)model for individual fitness estimation is integrated for high efficiency.A set of optimized TLPLs at different relative densities are experimentally validated by the selective laser melting(SLM)fabricated *** is confirmed that the optimized TLPLs could achieve elastic isotropy and have superior stiffness over other isotropic lattice structures.

关键词： lattice structure triple periodic minimal surface(TPMS) plate lattice structural optimization machine learning

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Dynamic Equivalent Modeling for Black-box Microgrids Under Multi-operating-point by Using LSTM

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 639-648页

作者： Yunlu Li Josep M.Guerrero Junyou Yang Yajuan Guan Guiqing Ma Jiawei Feng School of Electrical Engineering Shenyang University of TechnologyShenyang 110819China Department of Energy technology Center for Research on Microgrids(CROM)Aalborg University9220 Aalborg EastDenmark

Since the high penetration of distributed energy sources complicates the dynamics of electrical power systems,accurate dynamic models are indispensable for study on the transient behavior of the microgrid(MG).In some practices,the lack of full detailed information results in failure of dif-ferential equation based dynamic modeling,which leads to a demand for a black-box MG modeling *** is a critical challenge to maintain the effectiveness of the black-box model under a wide operating range and various fault *** this paper,inspired by the mathematical equivalence between the recurrent neural network(RNN)and differential-algebraic equations(DAEs),a dynamic equivalent modeling method,using long short-term memory(LSTM),is presented to tackle this *** first,the modeling equivalence and advantages of our basic idea are ***,modeling procedures,including data preparation and design guidelines,are ***,the proposed method is applied to a multi-microgrid testing system for performance *** results,under various scenarios,reveal that the proposed modeling method has an adequate capability for representing the dynamic behaviors of a black-box MG under grid fault and operating point changing *** Terms-Deep learning,dynamic behavior,dynamic equivalent model,microgrid,neural network.

关键词： Deep learning dynamic behavior dynamic equivalent model microgrid neural network

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Geometry characteristics and wide temperature behavior of silicon-based GaN surface acoustic wave resonators with ultrahigh quality factor

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 267-278页

作者： Guofang YU Renrong LIANG Haiming ZHAO Lei XIAO Jie CUI Yue ZHAO Wenpu CUI Jing WANG Jun XU Jun FU Tianling REN School of Integrated Circuits Tsinghua University Beijing National Research center for Information Science technology Tsinghua University

Surface acoustic wave(SAW) resonators with an ultrahigh Q-factor are designed and fabricated on silicon-based gallium nitride(GaN/Si). The temperature-dependent performance is characterized over a wide range, from 10 to 500 K. Finite element analysis is employed to guide the design of the SAW resonator from indications of the Rayleigh mode and weak propagation direction dependence of SAW in the c-plane of GaN/Si. The SAW resonator with 100 pairs of interdigital transducers(IDT), 100 pairs of grating reflectors(GR) for each side, aperture size of 80 μm, metallization ratio of 0.5, and electrode width of 500 nm resonates at 1.9133 GHz accordingly with an ultrahigh Q-factor of 7622 at room temperature, which contributes the fr× Qr, up to 14.583×1012Hz. A resonator operating over 10 to 500 K indicates an approximately linear decreasing temperature dependence above 280 K while being approximately constant below 40 K. The fitting to resonator characteristics using the modified Butterworth Van Dyke(m BVD) model reveals a reduction in both the electrode and mechanical losses while worsening the dielectric loss with cooling down.

关键词： GaN/Si SAW resonator ultrahigh Q-factor temperature-dependent performance mBVD losses

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Practical cloud storage auditing using serverless computing

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 33-47页

作者： Fei CHEN Jianquan CAI Tao XIANG Xiaofeng LIAO College of Computer Science and software Engineering Shenzhen University College of Computer Science Chongqing University

Cloud storage auditing research is dedicated to solving the data integrity problem of outsourced storage on the cloud. In recent years, researchers have proposed various cloud storage auditing schemes using different techniques. While these studies are elegant in theory, they assume an ideal cloud storage model;that is, they assume that the cloud provides the storage and compute interfaces as required by the proposed schemes. However, this does not hold for mainstream cloud storage systems because these systems only provide read and write interfaces but not the compute interface. To bridge this gap, this work proposes a serverless computing-based cloud storage auditing system for existing mainstream cloud object storage. The proposed system leverages existing cloud storage auditing schemes as a basic building block and makes two adaptations. One is that we use the read interface of cloud object storage to support block data requests in a traditional cloud storage auditing scheme. Another is that we employ the serverless computing paradigm to support block data computation as traditionally required. Leveraging the characteristics of serverless computing, the proposed system realizes economical, pay-as-you-go cloud storage auditing. The proposed system also supports mainstream cloud storage upper layer applications(e.g., file preview) by not modifying the data formats when embedding authentication tags for later auditing. We prototyped and open-sourced the proposed system to a mainstream cloud service, i.e., Tencent Cloud. Experimental results show that the proposed system is efficient and promising for practical use. For 40 GB of data, auditing takes approximately 98 s using serverless computation. The economic cost is 120.48 CNY per year, of which serverless computing only accounts for 46%. In contrast, no existing studies reported cloud storage auditing results for real-world cloud services.

关键词： cloud storage auditing serverless computing object storage usability

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Characteristics and suppression of beam distortion in a high repetition rate nanosecond stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugation mirror

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 69-78页

作者： Yifu Chen Bowen Tan Duo Jin Bin Chen Zhenxu Bai Kun Wang Yulei Wang Zhiwei Lü School of Astronautics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina center for Advanced Laser technology Hebei University of TechnologyTianjinChina Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser technology and Equipment TianjinChina School of Energy and Environmental Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjinChina

The stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugation mirror (SBS-PCM) based on liquid media is widely used in high-power laser systems due to its robust thermal load capacity, high energy conversion efficiency and improved beam quality. Nevertheless, with an increase in the pump repetition rate, thermally-induced blooming and optical breakdown can emerge, leading to distortions in the Stokes beam. In this study, we delved into the thermal effects in liquid SBS-PCMs employing hydrodynamic analysis, establishing a relationship between beam profile distortion and the thermal convection field. We calculated the temperature and convection velocity distribution based on the pump light parameters and recorded the corresponding beam profiles. The intensities of the beam profiles were modulated in alignment with the convection directions, reaching a velocity peak of 2.85 mm/s at a pump pulse repetition rate of 250 Hz. The residual sum of squares (RSS) was employed to quantify the extent of beam profile distortion relative to a Gaussian distribution. The RSS escalated to 7.8, in contrast to 0.7 of the pump light at a pump pulse repetition rate of 500 Hz. By suppressing thermal convection using a high-viscosity medium, we effectively mitigated beam distortion. The RSS was reduced to 0.7 at a pump pulse repetition rate of 500 Hz, coinciding with a twentyfold increase in viscosity, thereby enhancing the beam quality. By integrating hydrodynamic analysis, we elucidated and mitigated distortion with targeted solutions. Our research offers an interdisciplinary perspective on studying thermal effects and contributes to the application of SBS-PCMs in high-repetition-rate laser systems by unveiling the mechanism of photothermal effects.

关键词： beam profile high power high repetition rate stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugation mirror thermal convection

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