检索结果-南通市图书馆

Journal of environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第4期5卷 475-482页

作者： A.S. Christodoulou N. Theodoridis K. Papastergiou Laboratory of Forest Economics Faculty of Forestry and Natural Environment Thessalonik 54124i Greece Forest Inspection of South Aegean Region Rhodes 85100 Greece technical and environmental services of the municipality of kameiros Rhodes 85106 Greece

Rhodes is one of the most forested islands of Greece, in the Prefecture of Dodecanese, in southeast of Aegean Sea. The island in recent times has been struck by big and devastating fires. After 1993, the local Forest Service and the local political authority have adopted a new prevention and suppression system relied on the fast fire detection and suppression at its initial stages. By the present research, comparing the results of 1993-2006 （a time span when the above method was applied） with the results of the immediately precedent equal time of 1978-1992, was made certain that the firefighting system applied after 1993 had very good results irrespective from the primary agency in charge of extinguishing the forest fires. Among others, it was made clear that, during the period that this method was applied, a much less area was burnt per year than the period before the application in spite of the fact that in the same period （1993-2006） there has been a significant increase of forest fires. It is also estimated that the economic damage occurred in the first period （1978-1992） on average was 12.4 times per year higher compared to the second period （1993-2006）.

关键词： Forest fires fire detection economic impacts Rhodes island-Greece.

Disposal and Use of Sewage on Agricultural Lands in Pakistan: A Review

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Pedosphere 2010年第1期20卷 23-34页

作者： G. MURTAZA A. GHAFOOR M. QADIR G. OWENS M. A. AZIZ M. H. ZIA SAIFULLAH Institute of Soil and environmental Sciences University of AgricultureFaisalabad-38040 (Pakistan) Centre for environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation University of South Australia International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) International Water Management Institute (IWMI) technical services Department Fauji Fertilizer Company Ltd.

Raw sewage is widely used on agricultural soils in urban areas of developing countries to meet water shortages. Although it is a good source of plant nutrients, such sewage also increases the heavy metal load to soils, which may impact the food chain. Management options for sewage contaminated soils includes addition of nontoxic compounds such as lime, calcium sulfate and organic matter, which form insoluble metal complexes, thus reducing metal phytoavailability to plants. In this paper we review the variation in irrigation quality of sewage at different sites and its impact on the quality of soils and vegetables. Although quality of sewage was highly variable at source, yet the effluent from food industries was relatively safe for irrigation. In comparison effluent samples collected from textile, dyeing, calendaring, steel industry, hospitals and clinical laboratories, foundries and tanneries were hazardous with respect to soluble salts, sodium adsorption ratio and heavy metals like zinc, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, cobalt and cadmium. The sewage quality in main drains was better than that at the industry outlet, but was still not safe for irrigation. In general, higher accumulation of metals in fruits and vegetable roots was recorded compared to that in plant leaves, Edible parts of vegetables （fruits and/or leaves） accumulated metals more than the permissible limits despite the soils contained ammonium bicarbonate diethylenetriaminepentaacetie acid extractable metals within a safe range. In either case further scientific investigations are needed to ensure safe management strategies. Cadmium appeared to be the most threatening metal especially in leafy vegetables. It is advisable to avoid leafy vegetables cultivation in sewage irrigated areas everywhere to restrict its entry into food chain.

关键词： contamination heavy metals irrigation soil quality vegetables

GOAL: ZERO ENERGY BUILDING Exemplary Experience Based on the Solar Estate Solarsiedlung Freiburg am Schlierberg, Germany

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Green Building 2009年第4期4卷 93-100页

作者： Mira Heinze Karsten Voss University of Wuppertal Department D ArchitectureBuilding Physics and Technical Services

Zero energy *** goal sounds simple and is presented excessively in variations all over the *** and environmental politics demand zero consumption as a long-term goal,marketing has discovered the concept and fi rst buildings and settlements aiming at balanced energy or emission budgets have been *** an example,the German Federal Government specifi es in its fi fth energy research programme(2005):For new buildings,the goal is to reduce the primary energy demand,*** energy demand for heating,domestic hot water,ventilation,air-conditioning,lighting and auxiliary energy,again by half compared to the current state of the *** long-term goal is zero-emission *** and the USA aim for zero carbon developments and net-zero energy buildings(DOE,2009)in political *** Vatican accepted the offer of climatic“indulgence”—and thus became the fi rst country in the world to completely compensate its carbon emission(Spiegel online,2007).Megaprojects in the growth regions of the Arabian Gulf and China advertise with a CO2-neutral balance.A Zero Carbon Community is to be created in Masdar,Abu Dhabi(Foster,2007),and the fi rst Chinese carbon-neutral ecocity was planned for Dongtan,Shanghai(Pearce,2009).Not only to aid international communication,but also to further the processes required to solve energy-related problems,it is essential that key words,central concepts,their usage and their relationships be clarifi *** article intends to contribute to this clarifi cation based on the monitored example of a solar *** zero energy building,equilibrium building,carbon neutral city—the accounting method varies,depending on motivation and point of *** the focus is on fi nite and scarce resources,energy is the currency;CO2-equivalent emissions are considered if global warming and public health is the issue;the cost of energy is what concerns a tenant paying for heating and electricity.A balance in one set of units can be

关键词： net zero energy zero emission solar estate solarsiedlung freiburg am schlierberg monitoring

Impacts of land-use change on ecosystem service value in Changsha,China

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Central South University 2011年第2期18卷 420-428页

作者：刘云国曾晓霞徐立田大伦曾光明胡新将唐寅芳 College of environmental Science and Engineering Hunan University Key Laboratory of environmental Biology and Pollution Control of Ministry of Education Hunan University Life Science and technical Institute Central South University of Forestry and Technology

Changsha,a typical city in central China,was selected as the study area to assess the variations of ecosystem service value on the basis of land-use change. The analysis not only included the whole city but also the urban district where the landscape changed more rapidly in the center of the city. Two LANDSAT TM data sets in 1986 and 2000 and land use data of five urban districts from 1995 to 2005 were used to estimate the changes in the size of six land use categories. Meanwhile,previously published value coefficients were used to detect the changes in the value of ecosystem services delivered by each land category. The result shows that the total value of ecosystem services in Changsha declines from $1 009.28 million per year in 1986 to $938.11 million per year in 2000. This decline is largely attributable to the increase of construction land,and the conversion from woodland and water body to cropland to keep the crop production. In the five districts,there is $6.19 million decline in ecosystem service value between 1995 and 2005. Yuelu District has the highest unit ecosystem service value while Yuhua District has the lowest one. This may be attributed to the greater conversion from cropland and grassland to woodland and water body with the increase of construction land in Yuelu District. It is suggested that the increase rate of construction land should be controlled rigorously and the area of woodland and water body should be increased or at least retained in the study area.

关键词： land-use change urban expansion city scale district scale central China Changsha

Left-turn phasing selection considering vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to pedestrian conflicts

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2023年第1期10卷 58-69页

作者： Kakan C.Dey Md Tawhidur Rahman Subasish Das Amrit Manova Williams Wadsworth Department of Civil and environmental Engineering West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV 26506USA AECOM technical services Inc.PhoenixAZ 85020USA Ingram School of Engineering Texas State UniversitySan MarcosTX 78666USA Davenport Engineering CharlotteNC 28273USA

Left-turning vehicle movement at signalized intersections with permissive left-turn phases creates safety concerns due to the higher chance of conflict with opposing-through vehicles and *** this research,a simulation-based study was conducted to evaluate pedestrians’impact on traffic conflicts between left-turning vehicles and opposing-through vehicles(V-V conflicts)as well as traffic conflicts between left-turning vehicles and pedestrians(V-P conflicts)in the permissive left-turn phasing *** with different opposing-through volumes,left-turn volumes,number of opposing-through lanes,and pedestrian volumes were modeled in VISSIM,a traffic *** surrogate safety assessment model(SSAM)was used to estimate the number of V-V and VP *** effect of pedestrian presence on V-V and V-P conflicts was evaluated using simulation scenarios with and without pedestrian *** results revealed that pedestrian presence increased both V-V and V-P *** pedestrian presence increased the total number of traffic conflicts,permissive left-turn phasing processed fewer left-turn vehicles to maintain the same level of intersection safety with pedestrian presence compared to the no-pedestrian *** current left-turn phasing decision guidelines do not consider the impacts of pedestrian presence,this research quantified pedestrian-influenced and pedestrian-involved left-turn traffic conflicts to determine appropriate left-turn signal phasing decisions to ensure safe and efficient crossing of pedestrians and vehicles at signalized *** simulation-based study’s findings can be beneficial in the decision making of left-turn phasing selection as the before-after intersection safety performance analysis by collecting field data often resources intensive.

关键词： V-V conflicts V-P conflicts Left-turn phasing Pedestrian Warrants

Application of Preservative-treated Pinewood in Garden Timber Architecture and Opuscule

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Landscape Research 2016年第2期8卷 83-85,89页

作者： ZHOU Jingbin ZHANG Yingjie HE Binxian Yangling Vocational and technical College Shaanxi Senshi environmental services Engineering Co.Ltd.

Preservative-treated pinewood is mildewproof, anticorrosive and mothproof, with the long durability and environmental protection as its fine performance. It has become an important material for landscape construction for the wide pine material sources, low price, less deformation, moderate density, good fl exibility and strength, fine texture and good integration with the natural environment. On the basis of introducing pinewood species, preservatives and production process of preservative-treated pinewood, this paper focuses on the application of preservative-treated pinewood used in log cabin, pavilion, service buildings and other garden timber architecture, as well as roads, platforms, bridges, rails, gallery frames, pergolas and other opuscules.

关键词： Preservative-treated pinewood Production technology Timber architecture Opuscule Application

Comparative Laboratory-Scale Testing of Dispersant Effectiveness of 23 Crude Oils Using Four Different Testing Protocols

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of environmental Protection 2015年第6期6卷 628-639页

作者： Edith L. Holder Robyn N. Conmy Albert D. Venosa Pegasus technical services Inc. Cincinnati OH USA US environmental Protection Agency ORD Cincinnati OH USA

A controlled laboratory study was conducted to measure the dispersion effectiveness of Corexit 9500 on 23 different crude oils. This study was a part of a larger project initiated by the Bureau of Safety and environmental Enforcement (BSEE) testing 20 oils to compare the predictive value of laboratory dispersant effectiveness tests with their larger scale test conducted at Ohmsett, BSEE’s national oil spill response test facility located in Leonardo, NJ. The test used in this study was the Baffled Flask Test (BFT), which is planned for adoption as EPA’s official testing protocol for listing commercial dispersant products on the National Contingency Plan Product Schedule, replacing the current Swirling Flask Test (SFT) [1]. In addition, the results of 3 additional oils, the 2 used in the SFT and BFT as currently written plus another reference oil, are presented. The temperature used for the tests was 15°C, to match the temperature used at Ohmsett. The dispersion effectiveness ranged from 3.4% to 93%. The BFT is a laboratory test with results that are inversely correlated with oil viscosity and therefore has predictive value in the decision to use a dispersant in the event of a spill.

关键词： Dispersion Oil Spill Dispersant Crude Oil Viscosity Dispersion Effectiveness

Extracting commuter-specific destination hotspots from trip destination data-comparing the boro taxi service with Citi Bike in NYC

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Geo-Spatial Information Science 2020年第2期23卷 141-152页

作者： Andreas Keler Jukka M.Krisp Linfang Ding Department of Civil Geo and Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany Applied Geoinformatics Institute of GeographyUniversity of Augsburg(UniA)AugsburgGermany The KRDB Research Centre for Knowledge and Data Free University of Bozen-BolzanoBozen-BolzanoItaly Department of Cartography Technical University of MunichMunichGermany

Taxi trajectories from urban environments allow inferring various information about the transport service qualities and commuter *** is possible to associate starting and end points of taxi trips with requirements of individual groups of people and even social *** research shows that due to service restrictions,boro taxis have typical customer destination locations on selected Saturdays:many drop-off clusters appear near the restricted zone,where it is not allowed to pick up customers and only few drop-off clusters appear at complicated *** crossings imply recent infrastructural *** want to follow up on these results and add one additional group of commuters:Citi Bike *** selected Saturdays in June 2015,we want to compare the destinations of boro taxi and Citi Bike *** is challenging due to manifold differences between active mobility and motorized road users,and,due to the fact that station-based bike sharing services are restricted to *** and end points of trips,as well as the volumes in between rely on specific numbers of bike sharing ***,we introduce a novel spatiotemporal assigning procedure for areas of influence around static bike sharing stations for extending available computational methods.

关键词： Urban transportation spatial analysis mobility patterns boro taxis vehicle fleets bicycle-sharing service

Critical review of cyclist speed measuring techniques

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第1期7卷 98-110页

作者： Ali Kassim Hasan Tayyeb Mubark Al-Falahi Department of Civil and environmental Engineering Carleton UniuersityOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada Department of Civil Engineering Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia Department of Urban Planning&Municipalities Municipal Operations SectorMadinat Zayed Center-Technical Services DepartmentAbu-DhabiUnited Arab Emirates

There is a growing global interest in developing and accommodating sustainable modes of *** is an important mode of travel which offers powerful solutions to chronic traffic problems of congestion and *** accuracy of cyclist position is considered as an important parameter for the calculation of cyclist *** speed data is required for precise design of traffic control measures,for safety studies,and for sight distance *** speed measurement techniques and results are found in the *** study critically examines peer-reviewed studies which discuss different techniques for measuring cyclist *** review covers the accuracy of the measurement techniques and highlights limitations of the reviewed *** identified limitations are classified as:limited range of movement directions,selection of observed cyclists,seasonal variation in measurements,completeness of results reporting,reporting of equipment limitations,and measurement *** study summarizes previous findings of cyclist speed *** study also reviews the level of automation in speed *** technique involving a human input during the field data collection or analysis to estimate cyclist speed is classified as a *** categories for semiautomated and automated measurement techniques are ***-analysis was conducted to test whether reported cyclist speed depends on where they were recorded;intersections or road *** result of the unpaired t-test showed that there is no significant difference between the means of the cyclists speed at road sections and signalized intersections at the 95%of confidence *** study emphasizes the growing importance of the use of automated computer vision techniques for speed *** paper contrasts the advantages of computer vision techniques with other measurement techniques.

关键词： Transportation engineering Cyclist speed Video analysis Signalized intersection

Comparison of Three Macroinvertebrate Sampling Methods for Use in Assessment of Water Quality Changes in Flashy Urban Streams

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of environmental Protection 2020年第8期11卷 585-609页

作者： Roger Yeardley Jr. Scott Jacobs Ken Fritz William Thoeny Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati USA Pegasus technical services c/o U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati USA

The unique challenges associated with sampling of macroinvertebrates in flashy urban streams create a methods gap. These streams form isolated pools for much of the year, interspersed with spates that scour and deposit excessive amounts of sediment. Commonly used stream grab sampling methods, such as nets and Hess and Surber fixed-area samplers, work well in wadable streams with perennial flow. Deployed samplers (Hester-Dendy, gravel tray) can be used in waters with or without flow. We evaluated three methods which don’t require stream flow: modified Hester-Dendy (MHD), gravel tray, and bucket (a type of cylinder grab sample method), for their potential use in bioassessment of a project involving daylighting of a 180-m culvert on Congress Run, a flashy urban tributary to Mill Creek in Cincinnati, Ohio. Method efficacy was measured using three criteria: usability (level of effort and recoverability of samplers), variability, and community retrieval completeness. The bucket method required the lowest level of effort and had the highest sample recovery. The bucket sampler had the lowest variability for most metrics, including the critical metric of taxa richness, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 20.9%. The MHD and tray samplers had taxa richness CVs of 42.9% and 53.9%, respectively. The bucket sampler also had the lowest CV (27.4%) for a multi-metric index. The bucket sampler performed best with respect to community retrieval completeness, with higher pooled and average taxa richness. The total number of taxa collected from all the replicate bucket grab samples (42) was greater than that collected by the HD and tray samplers combined (27). Multivariate analyses showed significant grouping with respect to methods and location. This study supports the bucket grab sampler method as a candidate for sampling of flashy urban streams.

关键词： Macroinvertebrate Methods Stream Urban Sampling Flow Hydrology