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Effect of Soil Water Repellency on Energy Partitioning Between Soil and Atmosphere:A Conceptual Approach

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Pedosphere 2014年第4期24卷 498-507页

作者： H.SCHONSKY A.PETERS G.WESSOLEK Department of Soil conservation Institute of EcologyTechnical University of BerlinD-10587 Berlin(Germany)

Water repellency(WR) is a phenomenon known from many soils around the world and can occur in arid as well as in humid climates;few studies,however,have examined the effect of soil WR on the soil-plant-atmosphere energy *** aim of our study was to estimate the effects of soil WR on the calculated soil-atmosphere energy balance,using a solely model-based *** made out evapotranspiration to have the largest influence on the energy balance;therefore the effect of WR on actual evapotranspiration was *** achieve this we used climate data and measured soil hydraulic properties of a potentially water-repellent sandy soil from a site near Berlin,Germany.A numerical 1D soil water balance model in which WR was incorporated in a straightforward way was applied,using the effective cross section *** were carried out with vegetated soil and bare *** simulation results showed a reduction in evapotranspiration of 30-300 mm year^(-1)(9%-76%) at different degrees of WR compared to completely wettable soil,depending on the severity degree of soil *** energy that is not being transported away by water vapor(i.e.,due to reduced evapotranspiration) had to be transformed into other parts of the energy balance and thus would influence the local climate.

关键词： climate effective cross section evapotranspiration soil-atmosphere energy balance soil hydraulic property water balance

Recovery of threatened plant species and their habitats in the biodiversity hotspot of the Southwest Australian Floristic Region

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Plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 59-74页

作者： Leonie Monks Sarah Barrett Brett Beecham Margaret Byrne Alanna Chant David Coates J.Anne Cochrane Andrew Crawford Rebecca Dillon Colin Yates Biodiversity and conservation Science Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Parks and Wildlife Service Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions

The Southwest Australian Floristic Region(SWAFR) is a global biodiversity hotspot with high plant diversity and endemism and a broad range of threatening processes. An outcome of this is a high proportion of rare and threatened plant species. Ongoing discovery and taxonomic description of new species, many of which are rare, increases the challenges for recovery of threatened species and prioritisation of conservation actions. Current conservation of this diverse flora is based on integrated and scientific evidence-based management. Here we present an overview of current approaches to the conservation of threatened flora in the SWAFR with a focus on active management through recovery and restoration that is integrated with targeted research. Key threats include disease, fragmentation, invasive weeds, altered fire regimes, grazing, altered hydro-ecology and climate change. We highlight the integrated approach to management of threats and recovery of species with four case studies of threatened flora recovery projects that illustrate the breadth of interventions ranging from In situ management to conservation reintroductions and restoration of threatened species habitats. Our review and case studies emphasise that despite the scale of the challenge, a scientific understanding of threats and their impacts enables effective conservation actions to arrest decline and enhance recovery of threatened species and habitats.

关键词： Threatened species Threatening processes conservation Recovery Restoration Biodiversity hotspot

A Robust Noninvasive Approach to Study Gut Microbiota Structure of Amphibian Tadpoles by Feces

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Asian Herpetological Research 2018年第1期9卷 1-12页

作者： Xiaowei SONG Jinghan SONG Honghong SONG Qi ZENG Keke SHI College of life Sciences Xinyang Normal University Institute for conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains Xinyang Normal University

The 16S rDNA amplicon high-throughput sequencing technique provides a robust and inexpensive approach to detect the gut microbiota of amphibians. Since different experimental protocols generate technical biases in drawing the gut microbiota profiles, the integrative analysis of gut microbiota produced by different studies must be performed with circumspection. In this study, we compared the efficacy of two DNA extraction methods （i.e., a phenol-chloroform method and TIANamp Stool DNA Kit） in describing intestinal and fecal bacterial communities of transplanted Asiatic toad （Bufo gargarizans） tadpoles. In terms of the DNA extraction quality （i.e., DNA purity and yield rate） and the consistency in between fecal and intestinal microbiota structures （i.e., a and 13 diversity indices）, the phenol-chloroform method was more robust than this commercial stool kit in profiling gut microbiota of tadpoles with feces.

关键词： Bufo gargarizans DNA extraction intestinal microflora Phenol-chloroform 16S rDNA

Improving effectiveness of protection efforts in tiger source sites:Developing a framework for law enforcement monitoring using MIST

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第4期5卷 363-377页

作者： Emma J.STOKES Wildlife conservation Society Global Conservation ProgramBronxNew YorkUSA

Wild tigers are in a critical state with an estimated population decline of more than 95%over the past *** the capacity and effectiveness of law enforcement in reducing poaching of tigers is an immediate priority to secure remaining wild populations in source *** 2008-2010,standardized patrol-based law enforcement monitoring(LEM)was established under the Tigers Forever Program across 8 key tiger sites in order to improve and evaluate law enforcement ***-based monitoring has the distinct advantage of providing regular and rapid information on illegal activities and ranger performance,although,until recently,it has received relatively little scrutiny from the conservation *** present paper outlines a framework for implementation of LEM in tiger source sites using MIST,a computerized management information system for ranger-based data *** framework addresses many of the technical,practical and institutional challenges involved in the design,implementation,sustainability and evaluation of *** of such a framework for LEM is a cost-effective strategy to improve the efficiency of law enforcement efforts,to increase the motivation of enforcement staff and to promote the accountability of law enforcement agencies in addressing threats to *** combined with independent,systematic and science-based monitoring of tigers and their prey,LEM has great potential for evaluating the effectiveness of protection-based conservation investments.

关键词： law enforcement monitoring MIST protected areas protection tigers

Refining tickler chains for penaeid trawls

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2022年第1期7卷 80-88页

作者： Matt K.Broadhurst NSW Department of Primary Industries Fisheries Conservation Technology UnitNational Marine Science CentreSouthern Cross University2 Bay DriveCoffs HarbourNSW2450Australia marine and Estuarine Ecology unit School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia

Tickler chains are simple additions to the ground gears of benthic trawls that can improve the catches of some target species,albeit with considerable *** purpose of this study was to decipher some of the technical variability associated with tickler chains used with generic,paired trawls targeting school prawns,Metapenaeus *** the first of two experiments,single tickler chains were either attached between the trawl otter boards or the wing ends and compared against each other and a control trawl(no tickler chain).Attaching the tickler chain to the otter boards significantly reduced wing-end spread and the trawled area without significantly affecting catches of school *** comparison,attaching the tickler chain to the wing ends maintained spread and resulted in significantly more school prawns being caught(by 1.11×)than in the control trawl,and also fewer numbers of one teleost species,pink-breasted siphonfish,Siphamia *** experiment two,a single tickler chain was compared against one with multiple chains and one with a double chain;all attached at the wing *** with the multiple-and double-tickler chains had the same wing-end spread as those with the single tickler chain,while retaining up to 1.17×more school prawns,and for the double-chain tickler,45%fewer southern herring,Herklotsichthys *** results are attributed to mechanical and visual stimuli affecting school prawns and some fish,respectively,and support maximising the surface area of tickler chains within the wing ends as a means for improving penaeid-trawl species selectivity without affecting swept area.

关键词： Ground gear Penaeid Selectivity Tickler chain Trawling

Identification of species within Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch.(Vitaceae) based on DNA barcoding techniques

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第3期49卷 237-245页

作者： 1,2Yuan-Miao FU# 1,2Wei-Mei JIANG# 1,2Cheng-Xin FU* 1(The Key Laboratory of conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education,College of life Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China) 2(Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity,Institute of Plant Sciences and conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China) (The Key Laboratory of conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China) (Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity Institute of Plant Sciences and Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China)

Many species of Tetrastigma(Miq.) Planch.(Vitaceae) have long been used as medicinal plants in China,and some are endangered due to *** adulterants are often added to traditional Chinese medicines,there is no reliable or practical method for identifying *** this study,we used four markers(rbcL,matK,trnH-psbA,and internal transcribed spacer [ITS]) as DNA barcodes to test their ability to distinguish species of *** results indicated that the best barcode was ITS,which showed significant inter-specific genetic variability,and thus its potential as a DNA barcode for identifying *** loci provided a greater ability to distinguish species than single *** recommend using the combined rbcL+matK+ITS barcode for the *** trees from each barcode were *** using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean discriminated an equal or greater percentage of resolvable species than did neighbor joining,maximum likelihood,or maximum parsimony ***,five medicinal species of Tetrastigma,especially ***,could be identified precisely using DNA barcoding.

关键词： DNA barcoding medicinal plants species identification Tetrastigma.

Dynamic geomorphology and storm response characteristics of the promontory-straight beach-a case of Gulei Beach, Fujian

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第7期42卷 64-78页

作者： Chao Cao Zijian Mao Feng Cai Hongshuai Qi Jianhui Liu Gang Lei Shaohua Zhao Gen Liu Third Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesXiamen 361005China Key Laboratory of marine Ecological conservation and Restoration Ministry of Natural ResourcesXiamen 361005China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of marine Ecological conservation and Restoration Xiamen 361005China Fujian Provincial Station for Field Observation and Research of Island and Coastal Zone in Zhangzhou Zhangzhou 363200China School of Advanced Manufacturing Fuzhou UniversityJinjiang 362200China

As one of the main areas of tropical storm action in the northwestern Pacific Ocean,South China experiences several typhoons each year,and coastal erosion is a problem,making the area a natural testing ground for studying the dynamic geomorphological processes and storm response of promontory-straight *** study is based on three years of topographic data and remote sensing imagery of Gulei Beach and uses topographic profile morphology,single width erosion-accretion and mean change,combined with the Coastsat model to quantify the seasonal and interannual variability and storm response of the beach and to explain the evolution of shoreline change and beach dynamics geomorphology in the last *** Beach has been in a state of overall erosion and local accretion for a long time,with relatively obvious cyclical changes;seasonal changes are also obvious,which are mainly characterized by summer accretion and winter erosion,with accretion at the top of the bay and accretion and erosion on the north and south sides of the bay corner,respectively;the seasonal erosion-accretion volume of the beach profile ranges from-80 m3/m to 95.52 m3/m,and the interannual erosion-accretion volume ranges from-69.09 m3/m to 87.31 m3/*** response of beaches to typhoons with different paths varies greatly depending on the length,slope,orientation and scale of beach *** large and gently developing Futou beach is less responsive to storms,while the less developed headlands in the southern Gulei Peninsula are more susceptible to disturbance by external factors and respond more strongly to *** distance is more influential than storm *** the influence of human activities,obvious erosion hotspots develop during normal weather,but storm processes produce redistribution of beach material patterns,and erosion hotspots disappear after *** results of this study enrich the theory of beach dynamics geomorphology and provide technical support for dis

关键词： promontory-straight beach dynamic geomorphology storm response Gulei Peninsula

Performance measurement of sericin-coated silks during aging

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第6期54卷 1011-1016页

作者： ZHANG XiaoMei WYETH Paul School of Archaeology and Museology Peking University Beijing 100871 China clo Centre for Textile conservation and technical Art History University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QH UK

Silks are among the most precious ancient and historic artefacts worldwide. While washing removes the natural gum from the fibres during the fabrication of most silk textiles, for a small proportion of historic silks some or perhaps all of the sericin still remains. This paper investigated the effect of sericin coating on the aging of silk fibroin by means of ATR and tensile testing. The results show that sericin can provide some extent of protection from light and heat aging. However, in high humidity environments degummed and ungummed silk aged at the same rate because of leaching of sericin. Silk degraded at faster rate and more extensively in a moist environment. ATR could give very useful information about the aging of silk. The ATR-derived crystallinity index is good at tracing the aging factor and extent of silk deterioration. Alanine and tyrosine within fibroin, as estimated by ATR spectroscopy, are very sensitive to light, but not to heat and water. The ATR absorbance intensity ratio Iamide Ⅲ/ Iamide I is very useful for deterioration evaluation of archaeological silk objects. As a high humidity resulted in the leaching of silk, it is suggested for sericin-coated silk in collections, that not only wet cleaning is harmful, but also that storage or display in a high RH environment would be detrimental.

关键词： attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy archaeological silk sericin

Establishment and cryopreservation of liver, heart and muscle cell lines derived from the Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis)

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第24期56卷 2576-2579页

作者： ZENG ChangJun YE Qing FANG ShengGuo College of Animal Science and Technology Sichuan Agricultural Univerxity Ya' art 625014 China The Key Laboratory of conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China

The Chinese alligator, Alligator sinensis, is a critically endangered species. A conservation project of gene resources for an endangered species first involves the preservation of organs, tissues, gametes, genomic DNA libraries and cell lines. The present study is the first to establish and cryopreserve cell lines of liver, heart and muscle tissues from the Chinese alligator. The study revealed that there was a large discrepancy in cell migration time in primary cultures among liver (11-12 d), heart (13-14 d) and muscle (17-18 d) tissue pieces. The differences in time in primary cell culture suggested that it was relatively easy to build visceral-derived cell lines for reptiles. Biological analysis showed that the population doubling time for thawed cells was approxi- mately 36 h. Karyotyping revealed that the frequency of Chinese alligator cells showing chromosome number as 2n=32 was 88.6%-93.4%. Chinese alligator cell lines established here provide a vital resource for research and are likely to be useful for protection of this rare and critically endangered species. Furthermore, the establishment of these methods may supply technical and theoretical support for preserving genetic resources at the cellular level for other reptile species.

关键词：肌肉组织冷冻保存扬子鳄细胞株肝脏心脏濒危物种原代细胞培养