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COVID-19: Tax Administrations at the Forefront

Belt and Road Initiative Tax Journal 2020年第1期1卷 98-104页

作者： Marcio F.Verdi Santiago Díaz de Sarralde Raul Zambrano ciat Tax Studies and Research ciat technical assistance and itc ciat

Since the outbreak of COVID-19,Tax Administrations(TAs)have been at the forefront of this battle,fighting to continue on business,trying to help the economy to keep on working and planning the recovery *** this article we summarize some of the actions adopted by TAs in this three *** this period,Inter-American Center of Tax Administrations(ciat)is trying to help tax administration community coordinating efforts with other international organizations,producing timely documents and promoting new and innovative working methodologies.

关键词： Tax administration Tax measures COVID-19

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Characterization of the Fungi Involved with Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Castilla-La Mancha Region,Spain

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2019年第6期9卷 329-337页

作者： Víctor Manuel Tolosa Almendros María Luisa Lerma Purificación Castillo María Rosario Salinas Josep Armengol Ramona María Munoz Diagnostic and Phytosanitary assistance Service Albacete Provincial Agronomic Technical InstituteAlbacete 02007Spain Higher technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineers University of Castilla La ManchaAlbacete 02071Spain Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute Polytechnic University of ValenciaValencia 46022Spain

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are currently one of the most important problems for grapevine plant and wine industry, causing important economic cost in Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Traditionally, GTDs were associated with diseases present in mature grapevines, however in recent years the incidence of young vine decline has been increasing. In this work, from 2009 to 2016, 250 young grapevine plants have been analysed by fungal isolation and characterization. In addition, during 2017, 32 mature plants showing decline symptoms were analysed. Both kinds of plants were analysed in order to identify the main fungal trunk pathogens present in Castilla-La Mancha region. As a result, it was possible to isolate species associated with black-foot disease (Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs), esca and Petri disease (Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium spp.), and Botryosphaeria dieback. All these pathogens were isolated from young and mature plants, this fact could suggest a common origin. The lack of effective control measures for these diseases makes it necessary to implement an integrated disease management strategy that provides an efficient approach to reduce infections in nurseries and get better results in infected vineyards.

关键词： Grapevine trunk diseases esca black-foot Petri disease Botryosphaeria dieback

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