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Variable retention in tasmania, Australia: trends over 16 years of monitoring and adaptive management

Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 305-317页

作者： Robyn E.Scott Mark G.Neyland Susan C.Baker Sustainable Timber tasmania 99 Bathurst StHobartTasmania 7001Australia School of Natural Sciences and ARC Centre for Forest Value University of TasmaniaPrivate Bag 55HobartTasmania 7001Australia

Background:Variable retention harvesting using aggregated retention(ARN)has been applied in some tasmanian wet eucalypt forests for>15 *** of ARN in tasmania differs from most other regions,as forest influence(or the proximity of harvested areas to long-term retention)is primarily used to distinguish ARN from clearfelling rather than retention level,and broadcast burning is used as a regeneration treatment,resulting in a preference for edge aggregates instead of isolated retained *** emphasis on site-level retention of biological legacies and forest influence to facilitate re-establishment of mature forest species ensures that ARN coupes achieve the ecological objectives associated with retention ***:Spatial and survey data collected from operational ARN coupes illustrates the development of this silvicultural practice over time and allows comparisons with conventional *** 90%of ARN coupes have met the forest influence target of>50%.The number of ARN coupes harvested per year has varied,but mean retention levels(29%)and the mean area harvested per coupe(24 ha)have remained the *** influence in ARN coupes has decreased over time,as have perimeter-to-area ratios,largely due to a decrease in the number of island *** these measures of complexity have decreased,ARN coupes still have much greater forest influence,retention,and perimeter-to-area ratios when compared to conventional clearfell,burn and sow(CBS)*** observed decrease in boundary complexity should facilitate regeneration burning in ARN coupes,although no increase in the proportion of burnt seedbed was *** proportion of burnt seedbed is strongly correlated with eucalypt seedling stocking and density in ARN coupes,and these attributes were all significantly lower in recent ARN coupes compared to *** differences appear to be due to achieving better burns in recent CBS coupes,rather than poorer ones in ARN cou

关键词： Retention forestry Silviculture systems Aggregated retention Regeneration burning Regeneration success Forest influence Eucalyptus

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A Flux Based Approximation to Simulate Coupled Hydromechanical Problems for Mines with Heterogeneous Rock Types Using the Material Point Method

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第4期131卷 379-409页

作者： Gysbert Basson Andrew P.Bassom Brian Salmon Institute of Mine Seismology and University of tasmania Kingston7050Australia School of Natural Sciences-University of tasmania Sandy BayHobart7001Australia School of Engineering-University of tasmania Sandy BayHobart7001Australia

Advances in numerical simulation techniques play an important role in helpingmining engineers understand those parts of the rock mass that cannot be readily *** Material Point Method(MPM)is an example of such a tool that is gaining popularity for studying geotechnical *** recent years,the original formulation of MPM has been extended to not only account for simulating the mechanical behaviour of rock under different loading conditions,but also to describe the coupled interaction of pore water and solid phases in *** methods assume that the permeability of mediums is homogeneous,and we show that these MPM techniques fail to accurately capture the correct behaviour of the fluid phase if the permeability of the material is *** this work,we propose a novel implementation of the coupled MPM to address this *** employ an approach commonly used in coupled Finite Volume Methods,known as the Two Point Flux Approximation(TPFA).Our new method is benchmarked against two well-known analytical expressions(a one-dimensional geostatic consolidation and the so-called Mandel-Cryer effect).Its performance is compared to existing coupled MPM approaches for homogeneous *** order to gauge the possible effectiveness of our technique in the field,we apply ourmethod to a case study relating to a mine known to experience severe problems with pore water.

关键词： Fluid permeability Material Point Method mining faults

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The GPPS HI survey——A deeper view of the Milky Way galaxy

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第12期65卷 68-69页

作者： John M.Dickey School of Natural Sciences University of TasmaniaHobart Tas 7001Australia

The paper in this volume by Hong et al.[1]describing a new survey of the radio frequency spectral line of hydrogen,that astronomers call the HI line,shows some dramatic images of the Milky Way *** Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope,FAST,has done this survey as part of the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot(GPPS)Survey[2].

关键词： GPPS galaxy survey

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Ordovician Intrusive-related Gold-Copper Mineralization in West-Central New South Wales, Australia

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2000年第4期74卷 807-826页

作者： David COOKE Centre for Ore Deposit Research University of Tasmania GPO Box 252-79Hobart 7001 Tasmania Australia

Three major types of Ordovician intrusive-related gold-copper deposits are recognized in central-west New South Wales, Australia: porphyry, skarn and high sulphidation epithermal deposits. These deposits are mainly distributed within two Ordovician volcano-intrusive belts of the Lachlan Fold Belt: the Orange-Wellington Belt and the Parkes-Narromine Belt. Available isotopic age data suggest that mineralization of the three types of deposits is essentially coeval with the Ordovician intrusive rocks (480-430 Ma).Porphyry gold-copper deposits can be further divided into two groups. The first group is associated with monzonite showing shoshonitic features, represented by Cadia and Goonumbla. The second group is associated with diorite and dacite, including the Copper Hill and Cargo gold-copper deposits. Gold skarn is associated with Late Ordovician (430-439 Ma) monzonitic intrusive complexes in the Junction Reefs area (Sheahan-Grants, Frenchmans, and Cor-nishmens), Endeavour 6, 7 and 44, Big and Little Cadia. The epithermal gold deposits with high sulphidation including Gidginbung (Temora) and Peak Hill mainly occur within Ordovician andesite and volcaniclastic rocks, and are associated with advanced argillic alteration. Available isotopic age data indicate that both alteration and mineralization of the porphyry, skarn and epithermal gold-copper deposits are broadly coeval with the Late Ordovician shoshonitic magmatism, which is thought to result from the melting of sub-continental lithosphere caused by Palaeozoic subduction *** Ordovician intrusive-related gold-copper deposits are restricted to two longitudinal parallel volcano-intrusive belts, rarely extending outside them. Diagonal intra-belt trends of mineralization are common, particularly at the intersections of longitudinal and transverse (oblique) fault/fracture zones based on the authors' review of available geological data. The locations of these gold-copper deposits are obviously influenced by transvers

关键词： intrusive-related gold-copper deposit porphyry gold-copper deposit New South Wales Australia diagonal intra-belt trend

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Strigolactones and the Regulation of Pea Symbioses in Response to Nitrate and Phosphate Deficiency

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Molecular Plant 2013年第1期6卷 76-87页

作者： Eloise Foot Kaori Yoneyama Cassandra J. Hugill Laura J. Quittenden James B. Reidt School of Plant Science University of Tasmania Private Bag 55 Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia Weed Science Centre Utsunomiya University 350 Mine-machi Utsunomiya 321-8505 Japan

New roles for the recently identified group of plant hormones, the strigolactones, are currently under active investigation. One of their key roles is to regulate plant symbioses. These compounds act as a rhizosphere signal in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses and as a positive regulator of nodulation in legumes. The phosphorous and nitrogen status of the soil has emerged as a powerful regulator of strigolactone production. However, until now, the potential role of strigolactones in regulating mycorrhizal development and nodulation in response to nutrient deficiency has not been proven. In this paper, the role of strigolactone synthesis and response in regulating these symbioses is examined in pea （Pisum sativum L.）. Pea is well suited to this study, since there is a range of well-characterized strigolactone bio- synthesis and response mutants that is unique amongst legumes. Evidence is provided for a novel endogenous role for strigolactone response within the root during mycorrhizal development, in addition to the action of strigolactones on the fungal partner. The strigolactone response pathway that regulates mycorrhizal development also appears to dif- fer somewhat from the response pathway that regulates nodulation. Finally, studies with strigolactone-deficient pea mutants indicate that, despite strong regulation of strigolactone production by both nitrogen and phosphate, strigolac- tones are not required to regulate these symbioses in response to nutrient deficiency.

关键词： Strigolactones nodulation mycorrhizae nitrate phosphate pea.

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Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian simulation of a modified direct shearapparatus for the measurement of residual shear strengths

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第5期13卷 1113-1123页

作者： Luke Tatnell Ashley P.Dyson Ali Tolooiyan GHD Group Pty.Ltd. TraralgonVIC3844Australia School of Engineering University of TasmaniaHobartTAS7001Australia

The simulation of large-strain geotechnical laboratory tests with conventional Lagrangian finite element method(FEM)techniques is often problematic due to excessive mesh *** multiple reversal direct shear(MRDS)test can be used to measure the residual shear strength of soils in a laboratory ***,modelling and simulation generally require advanced numerical methods to accommodate the large shear strains concentrated in the shear *** reality,when the standard direct shear(DS)apparatus is used,the MRDS method is prone to two major sources of measurement error:load cap tilting and specimen *** sources of error make it difficult or even impossible to correctly determine the residual shear *** paper presents a modified DS apparatus and multi-reversal multi-stage test method,simulated using the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian(CEL)method in a finite element *** method was successful in evaluating equipment and preventing both load cap tilting and specimen loss,while modelling large-deformation behaviour that is not readily simulated with the conventional FEM or arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE)***,a modified DS apparatus was created for the purpose of analysing mixtures of organic materials found in an Australian *** results obtained from the modified DS CEL model in combination with laboratory tests show a great improvement in the measured residual shear strength profiles compared to those from the standard *** modified DS setup ensures that accurate material residual shear strengths are calculated,a factor that is vital to ensure appropriate soil behaviour is simulated for numerical analyses of large-scale geotechnical projects.

关键词： Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian(CEL)simulation Residual shear strength Multi-stage Direct shear(DS) Organic content Cohesive soil

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A modified zone model for estimating equivalent room thermal capacity

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Frontiers in Energy 2013年第3期7卷 351-357页

作者： Hua CHEN Xiaolin WANG Tianjin Key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology Tianjin Universityof Commerce Tianjin 300134 China School of Engineering The University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia

The zone model has been widely applied in control analysis of heating, ventilation and air conditioning （HVAC） systems to achieve a high building efficiency. This paper proposed a modified zone model which is much simpler in the HVAC system simulation and has the similar accuracy to the complicated simulation model. The proposed model took into consideration the effect of envelop heat reservoir on the room indoor temperature by introducing the thermal admittance of the inner surfaces of the building enclosure. The thermal admittance for the building enclosure was developed based on the building thermal network analytical theory and transfer function method. The efficacy of the proposed model was demonstrated by comparing it with the complicated model -- heat balance method （HTB2 program）. The predicted results from the proposed model well agreed with those from the complicated simulation. The proposed model can then make the HVAC system dynamic simulation much faster and more acceptable for control design due to its simplicity and efficiency.

关键词： room model thermal network analysis trans- fer function heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system simulation

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Right time, right place: The dynamic role of hormones in rhizobial infection and nodulation of legumes

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Plant Communications 2022年第5期3卷 5-18页

作者： Karen Velandia James B.Reid Eloise Foo Discipline of Biological Sciences School of Natural SciencesUniversity of TasmaniaPrivate Bag 55HobartTAS 7001Australia

Many legume plants form beneficial associations with rhizobial bacteria that are hosted in new plant rootorgans, nodules, in which atmospheric nitrogen is fixed. This association requires the precise coordinationof two separate programs, infection in the epidermis and nodule organogenesis in the cortex. There isextensive literature indicating key roles for plant hormones during nodulation, but a detailed analysis ofthe spatial and temporal roles of plant hormones during the different stages of nodulation is *** review analyses the current literature on hormone regulation of infection and organogenesis to revealthe differential roles and interactions of auxin, cytokinin, brassinosteroids, ethylene, and gibberellins during epidermal infection and cortical nodule initiation, development, and function. With the exception ofauxin, all of these hormones suppress infection events. By contrast, there is evidence that all of these hormones promote nodule organogenesis, except ethylene, which suppresses nodule initiation. This differential role for many of the hormones between the epidermal and cortical programs is striking. Future work isrequired to fully examine hormone interactions and create a robust model that integrates this knowledgeinto our understanding of nodulation pathways.

关键词： auxin brassinosteroids cytokinin ethylene gibberellin nodulation

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Transport Across Chloroplast Membranes： Optimizing Photosynthesis for Adverse Environmental Conditions

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Molecular Plant 2016年第3期9卷 356-370页

作者： Igor Pottosin Sergey Shabala Biomedicat Centre University of Colima Colima Colima 28045 Mexico School of Land and Food University of Tasmania Hobart TAS 7001 Australia

Chloroplasts are central to solar light harvesting and photosynthesis. Optimal chloroplast functioning is vitally dependent on a very intensive traffic of metabolites and ions between the cytosol and stroma, and should be attuned for adverse environmental conditions. This is achieved by an orchestrated regulation of a variety of transport systems located at chloroplast membranes such as porines, solute channels, ion-specific cation and anion channels, and various primary and secondary active transport systems. In this review we describe the molecular nature and functional properties of the inner and outer envelope and thylakoid membrane channels and transporters. We then discuss how their orchestrated regulation affects thylakoid structure, electron transport and excitation energy transfer, proton-motive force partition, ion homeostasis, stromal pH regulation, andvolume regulation. We link the activity of key cation and anion transport systems with stress-specific signaling processes in chloroplasts, and discuss how these signals interact with the signals generated in other organelles to optimize the cell performance, with a special emphasis on Ca^2＋ and reactive oxygen species signaling.

关键词： stroma thylakoid p.m.f. envelope reactive oxygen species programmed cell death

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A Sentinel-Based Peer Assessment Mechanism for Collaborative Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第12期65卷 2309-2319页

作者： Cong Wang Mingming Zhao Qinyue Wang Min Li Sichuan Police College Luzhou646000China Sichuan Normal University Chengdu610068China University of tasmania Sandy BayTAS7001Australia

This paper introduces a novel mechanism to improve the performance of peer assessment for collaborative ***,a small set of assignments which have being pre-scored by the teacher impartially,are introduced as“sentinels”.The reliability of a reviewer can be estimated by the deviation between the sentinels’scores judged by the reviewers and the impartial *** filtering the inferior reviewers by the reliability,each score can then be subjected into mean value correction and standard deviation correction processes *** the optimized mutual score which mitigated the influence of the subjective differences of the reviewers are *** perform our experiments on 200 *** are asked to submit their assignments and review each *** the experiments,the sentinel-based mechanism is compared with several other baseline *** proves that the proposed mechanism can effectively improve the accuracy of peer assessment,and promote the development of collaborative learning.

关键词： Smart education peer assessment collaborative learning

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