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Differential Thermal Regimes of the tarim and Sichuan Basins in China:Implications for Hydrocarbon Generation and Conservation

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第4期96卷 1308-1322页

作者： CHANG Jian LI Dan QIU Nansheng ZHU Chuanqing ZHONG Ningning FENG Qianqian ZHANG Haizu WANG Xiang State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Research Institute of exploration and development Petro China Tarim Oilfield CompanyKorla 841000China

The uncertainty surrounding the thermal regimes of the ultra-deep strata in the tarim and Sichuan basins,China,is unfavorable for further hydrocarbon *** study summarizes and contrasts the present-day and paleo heat flow,geothermal gradient and deep formation temperatures of the tarim and Sichuan *** average heat flow of the tarim and Sichuan basins are 42.5±7.6 mW/m^(2)and 53.8±7.6 mW/m^(2),respectively,reflecting the characteristics of’cold’and’warm’*** geothermal gradient with unified depths of 0-5,000 m,0-6,000 m and 0-7,000 m in the tarim Basin are 21.6±2.9℃/km,20.5±2.8℃/km and 19.6±2.8℃/km,respectively,while the geothermal gradient with unified depths of 0-5,000 m,0-6,000 m and 0-7,000 m in the Sichuan Basin are 21.9±2.3℃/km,22.1±2.5℃/km and23.3±2.4℃/km *** differential change of the geothermal gradient between the tarim and Sichuan basins with depth probably results from the rock thermal conductivity and heat production *** formation temperatures at depths of 6,000 m,7,000 m,8,000 m,9,000 m and 10,000 m in the tarim Basin are 80℃-190℃,90℃-220℃,100℃-230℃,110℃-240℃and 120℃-250℃,respectively,while the formation temperatures at depths of 6,000 m,7,000 m,8,000 m and 9,000 m in the Sichuan Basin are 120℃-200℃,140℃-210℃,160℃-260℃and 180℃-280℃,*** horizontal distribution pattern of the ultra-deep formation temperatures in the tarim and Sichuan basins is mainly affected by the basement relief,fault activity and hydrothermal *** thermal modeling revealed that the paleo-heat flow in the interior of the tarim Basin decreased since the early Cambrian with an early Permian abrupt peak,while that in the Sichuan Basin experienced three stages of steady state from Cambrian to early Permian,rapidly rising at the end of the early Permian and declining since the late *** thermal regime of the Sichuan Basin was always higher than that of the tarim Basin,which results in differential oil and gas generation

关键词： ultra-deep strata heat flow geothermal gradient formation temperature hydrocarbon generation and conservation Sichuan Basin tarim Basin

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Damage of reservoir rock induced by CO_(2) injection

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petroleum Science 2022年第4期19卷 1674-1681页

作者： Jing Li Zhao-Yang Chen Yong-Cun Feng Li-Sha Qu Jia-Geng Liu Wen-Yan Li Meng-Ying Dai College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering China University of PetroleumQingdao266580ShandongChina College of petroleum Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China School of Geosciences China University of PetroleumQingdao266580ShandongChina Research Institute of exploration and development PetroChina Tarim Oilfield CompanyKorla841000XinjiangChina

The study of reservoir rock damage induced by gas injection is of great significance to the design of reservoir stimulation and the improvement of oil and gas recovery. Based on an example horizontal well in the Hudson Oilfield of the tarim Basin and considering the multi-physics coupling effects among highpressure fluid, rock deformation, and damage propagation during CO_(2) injection, a three-dimensional finite element model for CO_(2) injection in deep reservoir considering seepage-stress-damage coupling was developed. The evolution of reservoir rock damage under different CO_(2) injection conditions was systematically investigated. The results show that tensile damage and shear damage are concentrated in the vertical direction and the horizontal maximum compressive principal stress direction, respectively,and the tensile damage is the main damage mode. At higher CO_(2) injection rate and pressure, the damaged areas near the wellbore are mainly distributed in the direction of the maximum compressive principal stress, and the development of the damaged area near the wellbore will be inhibited by the formation and evolution of far-field damage. CO_(2) injection aggravates the extension of tensile damage,but inhibits the initiation of shear damage, and eventually leads to the gradual transition from shear damage to tensile damage. Under the same injection conditions, CO_(2) injection has superior performance in creating rock damage compared with the injection of nitrogen and water. The results in this study provide guidance for enhanced oil recovery in deep oil and gas reservoirs with CO_(2) injection.

关键词： CO_(2)injection Seepage-stress-damage coupling Rock damage Numerical simulation

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Cretaceous integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 1229-1289页

作者： Dangpeng XI Guobiao LI Shijun JIANG Xin RAO Tian JIANG Tianyang WANG Zuohuan QIN Yasu WANG Jianzhong JIA Muhammad KAMRAN Zhongye SHI Yuyang WU Panxi WANG Lixin SUN Qinggao ZENG Xiaoqiao WAN State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 213200China Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and petroleum Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PaleontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environmentand Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China National Offshore Oil Corporation Limited Beijing 100028China Shanghai Science and Technology Museum Shanghai 200120China Xizang Bureau of Geological and Mineral exploration and development Lhasa 850000China Tianjin Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey Tianjin 300170China

The Cretaceous Period is a vital time interval in deciphering the evolutionary history of the Neo-Tethys Ocean and the convergence of different plates and blocks across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.A detailed stratigraphic framework and paleogeographic patterns are the basis for understanding the evolution of the Neo-Tethys Ocean and the formation of the QinghaiTibetan ***,the Cretaceous stratigraphy,biota,paleogeography,and major geological events in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are analyzed to establish an integrative stratigraphic framework,reconstruct the paleogeography during the Cretaceous Period,and decode the history of the major geological *** Cretaceous rocks of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding area are predominantly marine deposits,with a small amount of interbedded marine-terrestrial and terrestrial *** Indus-Yarlung Tsangpo Suture Zone was responsible for the deposition of deep marine sediments dominated by ophiolite suites and radiolarian *** the south,the Tethys Himalayas and Indus Basin received marine sediments of varying depths and lithology;to the north,the Xigaze and Ladakh forearc basins are also filled with marine *** Lhasa Block,Karakorum Block,western tarim Basin,and West Burma block consist of shallow marine,interbedded marine-terrestrial,and terrestrial *** Qiangtang Basin and other areas are dominated by terrestrial *** Cretaceous strata of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas are widely distributed and diversified,with abundant foraminifera,calcareous nannofossils,radiolarians,ammonites,bivalves,and *** the basis of integrated lithostratigraphic,biostratigraphic,geochronologic,and chemostratigraphic analyses,we proposed herein a comprehensive stratigraphic framework for the Cretaceous Period of the eastern *** analyzing the Cretaceous biota of different biogeographic zones from eastern Neo-Tethys and its surrounding a

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Tethys Cretaceous Stratigraphy Biota Paleogeography

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Techniques for improving fracture-controlled stimulated reservoir volume in ultra-deep fractured tight reservoirs: A case study of Kuqa piedmont clastic reservoirs, tarim Basin, NW China

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petroleum exploration and development 2022年第5期49卷 1169-1184页

作者： LEI Qun YANG Zhanwei WENG Dingwei LIU Hongtao GUAN Baoshan CAI Bo FU Haifeng LIU Zhaolong DUAN Yaoyao LIANG Tiancheng MA Zeyuan PetroChina Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Stimulation Langfang 065007China PetroChina Research Institute of petroleum exploration&development Beijing 100083China PetroChina tarim Oilfield company Korla 841000China

Based on analysis of the reasons for low efficiency and low production after fracturing of some wells in the ultra-deep fractured tight reservoirs of the Kuqa piedmont zone, tarim Basin and the matching relationship between the in-situ stress field and natural fractures, technological methods for creating complex fracture networks are proposed. Through theoretical study and large-scale physical simulation experiments, the mechanical conditions for forming complex fracture network in the Kuqa piedmont ultra-deep reservoirs are determined. The effectiveness of temporary plugging and diversion, and multi-stage fracturing to activate natural fractures and consequently realize multi-stage diversion is verified. The coupling effect of hydraulic fractures and natural fractures activating each other and resulting in "fracture swarms" is observed. These insights provide theoretical support for improving fracture-controlled stimulated reservoir volume(FSRV) in ultra-deep tight reservoirs. In addition, following the concept of volume fracturing technology and based on the results of fracture conductivity experiments of different processes, fracturing technologies such as multi-stage fracture-network acid fracturing, "multi-stage temporary plugging + secondary fracturing", fracturing of multiple small layers by vertically softness-and-hardness-oriented subdivision, and weighted-fluid refracturing are proposed to increase the FSRV. New environment-friendly weighted-fluid with low cost and new fracturing fluid system with low viscosity and high proppant-carrying capacity are also developed. These techniques have achieved remarkable results in field application.

关键词： ultra-deep reservoir tight reservoir natural fracture fracture-controlled reservoir volume temporary plugging secondary fracturing weighted fracturing fluid

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A new method to evaluate integrated production system capacity in oil fields

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petroleum exploration and development 2023年第3期50卷 665-674页

作者： YADUA Asekhame U. LAWAL Kazeem A. Nigerian petroleum development company(NPDC) Benin City 300102Nigeria FIRST exploration and petroleum development company(FIRST E&P) Lagos 101233Nigeria

To improve the design and management of an integrated production system(IPS),a set of mathematical models and workflows are developed for evaluating the capacity of an IPS at steady-state *** the conservation laws with applicable multiphase fluid and choke models,these mathematical models are solved to characterize the hydraulics of an integrated system of reservoir,wells,chokes,flowlines,and separator at steady *** controllable variables such as well count,choke size and separator pressure are adjusted to optimize the performance of the IPs at a specific *** is found that increasing the well count can increase the bulk flow rate of the production network,but too many wells may increase the manifold pressure,leading to decline of single-well *** the choke size can improve the capacity of the *** production of the IPs is negatively correlated with the separator *** increasing separator pressure and decreasing choke size,the increment of total fluid production(the capacity of IPS)induced by increasing well count *** tests with field examples show a maximum absolute deviation is 1.5%,demonstrating the robustness and validity of the proposed mathematical models and workflows.

关键词： integrated production system modelling integrated production system capacity productivity evaluation production optimization nodal analysis

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Numerical simulation on proppant migration and placement within the rough and complex fractures

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petroleum Science 2022年第5期19卷 2268-2283页

作者： Tian-Kui Guo Zhi-Lin Luo Jin Zhou Yuan-Zhi Gong Cai-Li Dai Jin Tang Yang Yu Bing Xiao Bao-Lun Niu Ji-Jiang Ge College of petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(Huadong)Qingdao266580ShandongChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field company PetroChinaChengdu610051SichuanChina exploration Division Tarim Oilfield CompanyPetroChinaKorla841000XinjiangChina Dongxin Oil Production Plant Shengli Oil Field BranchSinopecDongying257100ShandongChina Research Institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChinaBeijing100083China Zhongyuan petroleum Engineering company SinopecPuyang457001HenanChina Zhongyuan Oilfield company SinopecPuyang457001HenanChina

Hydraulic fracturing is a key technology for the development of unconventional hydrocarbon *** proppant placement morphology determines the fracture conductivity,thus affecting the reservoir stimulation *** this paper,the proppant migration and placement within complex fractures was studied by considering the fracture wall roughness through computational fluid mechanics-discrete element method(CFD-DEM)in numerical simulation,which is a key approach to study the proppant migration and *** results show that the proppant placement non-uniformity,proppant migration capacity,and proppant volume filled in the far-end and the secondary branched fracture are enhanced within the rough fracture compared with those within smooth *** proppant migration capacity is increased within the fracture at low inclination angles(<60°)and low approach angles(<90°),and the proppant placement area is larger in the inclined fracture than that in the vertical *** rise of injection rate and fracturing fluid viscosity causes more proppants migrate to far-end or secondary fractures,resulting in a non-proppant area within the near-wellbore *** increase by 1.3 times in the injection rate and 3 times in the fracturing fluid viscosity leads to a decrease by 26.6%and 27%,respectively,in the proppant placement area within the near-wellbore *** staged injection with small size proppants followed by large size proppants increases the proppant placement area in the primary fracture by 13%-26%,and that with large size proppants followed by small size proppants increases the proppant placement area by 19%-25%,which is due to that the latter method facilitates filling of the secondary branched *** injection location mainly affects the proppant filling degree within the near-wellbore *** with the upper injection,the middle and lower injection is not beneficial to filling of proppants within the near-wellbore fracture.

关键词： Hydraulic fracturing Proppant migration and placement Rough fracture wall Complex fracture CFD-DEM coupling

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Geological features and hydrocarbon accumulation in the Xinken oil field,tarim Basin

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2013年第4期32卷 367-379页

作者： SONG Lichen ZHU Guangyou LIU Xingwang ZHU Yongfeng SU Jin WANG Kai Research Institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Research Institute of petroleum exploration and development Tarim Oilfield CompanyPetroChina

Recently,a large-scale Ordovician oil and gas pool has been discovered in Xinken,north of the tarim Basin,and it has strongly heterogeneous reservoirs and complicated fluid *** analyzing oil,gas and water samples collected from this area,in combination of field production and testing data,this study reveals that the Xinken oil pool contains dominantly normal oil characterized by low viscosity,low sulphur,and high *** has a low content of natural gas,which presents typical characteristics of wet gas and is oil-associated ***-gas correlation shows that the oil was from the Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks and the charge and accumulation of oil and gas took place in the Late Hercynian *** by paleogeomorphology,sedimentary facies,ancient karstification,faults,and other factors in the Caledonian Period,the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs are dominated by dissolved pores,cavities and *** reservoir body of fractures and cavities is distributed in the shape of strip and laminate along faults and excellent reservoirs are mostly in the range of 70–100 m below the top of the Yijianfang *** a whole,the Xinken oil pool is a fracture-cavity pool controlled by interbedded karst reservoirs and is a complex composed of stacked karst fractures and cavities of various *** contains oil in large areas horizontally,which is quasi-laminated in distribution,and the accumulation of oil and gas is controlled by the distribution and development degree of the Ordovician carbonate *** study shows that this area has abundant resources and a great exploration potential for oil and gas.

关键词：塔里木盆地北部油气成藏地质特征碳酸盐岩储层石油伴生气油田储层控制非均质储层

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Organic matter accumulation in lacustrine shale of the Permian Jimsar Sag,Junggar Basin,NW China

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petroleum Science 2023年第3期20卷 1327-1346页

作者： Xiu-Jian Ding Wen-Jun He Hai-Lei Liu Xu-Guang Guo Ming Zha Zhong-Fa Jiang School of Geosciences in China University of petroleum QingdaoShandong266580China Research Institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield CompanyKaramayXinjiang841000China

The lacustrine organic-rich shale in the Permian Lucaogou(LCG)Formation of the Jimsar Sag,Junggar Basin,is one of the main shale oil plays in *** this paper,geological and geochemical research techniques were employed to evaluate the geochemical variability of the lacustrine shale and the pro-duction of organic matter and its preservation *** LcG Formation is characterized by its complex mineral compositions and a wide range of organic matter richness and *** presence of high proportions ofβ-carotane and C2g steranes,indicates that the organic matter mainly originated from phytoplankton and aquatic algal-bacterial organisms,especially *** study found that the productivity of the Lower LCG Member(P2li)was highest,and the Middle LCG Member(P_(2)l_(2))was the *** the deposition of the Lower LCG Member,the lake's bottom water was predominantly a reducing environment,and the degradation of organic matter was largely a result of bacterial sulfate *** the deposition of the Middle and Upper LCG members,the lake's bottom water was mainly oxidizing,and the degradation of organic matter was likely to be caused by aerobic *** on a comprehensive analysis of the origin and production of organic matter,as well as its depo-sitional environment and preservation conditions,two organic matter accumulation models were pro-posed to explain the distribution of the organic-rich *** model A,the high influx of volcanic ash released nutrients and brought abundant sulfate into the water,the accumulation of organic matter was mainly controlled by the preservation of organic matter,which was mainly controlled by *** the model B,the influx of volcanic ash was small,organic matter was mainly degraded by oxygen and the accumulation of organic matter is mainly determined by the production of organic matter.

关键词： Lucaogou formation Jimsar sag Organic-matter-rich shale Organic matter accumulation Organic matter productivity Bacterial sulfate reduction

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Hybrid data-driven framework for shale gas production performance analysis via game theory, machine learning, and optimization approaches

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petroleum Science 2023年第1期20卷 277-294页

作者： Jin Meng Yu-Jie Zhou Tian-Rui Ye Yi-Tian Xiao Ya-Qiu Lu Ai-Wei Zheng Bang Liang petroleum exploration and Production Research Institute SINOPECBeijing100083PR China Jianghan Oilfield company Research Institute of Exploration and DevelopmentSINOPECWuhan430223HubeiPR China

A comprehensive and precise analysis of shale gas production performance is crucial for evaluating resource potential,designing a field development plan,and making investment ***,quantitative analysis can be challenging because production performance is dominated by the complex interaction among a series of geological and engineering *** fact,each factor can be viewed as a player who makes cooperative contributions to the production payoff within the constraints of physical laws and *** by the idea,we propose a hybrid data-driven analysis framework in this study,where the contributions of dominant factors are quantitatively evaluated,the productions are precisely forecasted,and the development optimization suggestions are comprehensively *** specifically,game theory and machine learning models are coupled to determine the dominating geological and engineering *** Shapley value with definite physical meaning is employed to quantitatively measure the effects of individual factors.A multi-model-fused stacked model is trained for production forecast,which provides the basis for derivative-free optimization algorithms to optimize the development *** complete workflow is validated with actual production data collected from the Fuling shale gas field,Sichuan Basin,*** validation results show that the proposed procedure can draw rigorous conclusions with quantified evidence and thereby provide specific and reliable suggestions for development plan *** with traditional and experience-based approaches,the hybrid data-driven procedure is advanced in terms of both efficiency and accuracy.

关键词： Shale gas Production performance Data-driven Dominant factors Game theory Machine learning Derivative-free optimization

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Discussion on the limit recovery factor of carbon dioxide flooding in a permanent sequestration scenario

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petroleum exploration and development 2022年第6期49卷 1463-1470页

作者： LIAO Guangzhi HE Dongbo WANG Gaofeng WANG Liangang WANG Zhengmao SU Chunmei QIN Qiang BAI Junhui HU Zhanqun HUANG Zhijia WANG Jinfang WANG Shengzhou PetroChina Oil&Gas and New Energy company Beijing 100007China PetroChina Research Institute of petroleum exploration&development Beijing 100083China PetroChina International exploration&development company Beijing 100032China

Based on practices of CO_(2) flooding tests in China and abroad,the recovery factor of carbon dioxide capture,utilization in displacing oil and storage(CCUS-EOR)in permanent sequestration scenario has been investigated in this *** the background of carbon neutrality,carbon dioxide injection into geological bodies should pursue the goal of permanent sequestration for effective carbon emission ***,CCUS-EOR is an ultimate development method for oil reservoirs to maximize oil *** limit recovery factor of CCUS-EOR development mode is put forward,the connotation differences between it and ultimate recovery factor and economically reasonable recovery factor are *** is concluded that limit recovery factor is achievable with mature supporting technical base for the whole process of *** on statistics of practical data of CO_(2) flooding projects in China and abroad such as North H79 block CO_(2) flooding pilot test at small well spacing in Jilin Oilfield etc.,the empirical relationship between the oil recovery factor of miscible CO_(2) flooding and cumulative CO_(2) volume injected is obtained by *** with the concept of oil production rate multiplier of gas flooding,a reservoir engineering method calculating CO_(2) flooding recovery factor under any miscible degree is established by *** is found that when the cumulative CO_(2) volume injected is 1.5 times the hydrocarbon pore volume(HCPV),the relative deviation and the absolute difference between the recovery percentage and the limit recovery factor are less than 5%and less than 2.0 percentage points *** limit recovery factor of CCUS-EOR can only be approached by large pore volume(PV)injection based on the technology of expanding swept *** needs to be realized from three aspects:large PV injection scheme design,enhancing miscibility degree and continuously expanding swept volume of injected CO_(2).

关键词： carbon neutrality permanent carbon sequestration CCUS-EOR limit recovery factor cumulative CO_(2)volume injected swept volume miscibility degree

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