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Assessment of suitable reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis in Adelphocoris suturalis

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第12期17卷 2745-2757页

作者： LUO Jing MA Chao LI Zhe ZHU Bang-qin ZHANG Jiang LEI Chao-liang JIN Shuang-xia J.Joe Hull CHEN Li-zhen National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research Huazhong Agricultural University Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources College of Life Science Hubei University Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural University U.S. Arid Land agricultural Research Center Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture

Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) is the most commonly-used tool for measurement of gene expression, but its accuracy and reliability depend on appropriate data normalization with the use of one or more stable reference genes. Adelphocoris suturalis is one of the most destructive pests of cotton, but until recently knowledge of its underlying molecular physiology had been hindered by a lack of molecular resources. To facilitate research on this pest, we evaluated 12 common housekeeping genes studied in insects(GAPDH, ACT, βACT, TBP, SDH, βTUB, EF1γ, EF1α, EF1δ, RPL32, RPS15, and RPL27) for their expression stability in A. suturalis when subjected to various experimental treatments, including three biotic(developmental stage and sex, tissue type, and metathoracic scent gland for varying developmental stages and sexes) and one abiotic(RNA interference injection) conditions. Four dedicated algorithms(ΔCt method, geNorm, BestKeeper and NormFinder) were used to analyze gene expression stability. In addition, RefFinder provided an overall ranking of the stability/suitability of these candidates. This study is the first to provide a comprehensive list of suitable reference genes for gene expression analyses in A. suturalis, which can serve to facilitate transcript expression study of related biological processes in this and related species.

关键词： Adelphocoris suturalis reference gene qRT-PCR normalization expression stability

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waxy Locus and Its Mutant Types in Maize Zea mays L.

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agricultural sciences in China 2010年第1期9卷 1-10页

作者： HUANG Bin-quan TIAN Meng-liang ZHANG Jun-jie HUANG Yu-bi Maize Research institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya＇an 625014 P.R.China Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement Ministry of Education Ya＇an 625014 P.R. China College of Life science Sichuan Agricultural University Ya＇an 625014 P.R.China

The waxy （wx） locus of Zea mays L. encodes a granule-bound starch synthase （GBSS I = waxy protein） required for the synthesis of amylose in endosperm and pollen grain. This review covers recent advances in understanding the waxy locus in maize, focusing particularly on the new information on mutant type and mutation mechanisms. The results showed that the insertion and deletion played an important role in the generation of spontaneous wx-mutations. The current status of utilizing waxy locus has been summarized and the perspectives of the further studies on this locus have also been proposed.

关键词： maize waxy locus mutant type mutation mechanism

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Impact of Fast-Growing Trees Planting on Degraded Land from Perspectives of Ecosystem Services—Case Study from Slovakia

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第11期10卷 140-150页

作者： Jarmila Makovníková Boris Pálka Stanislav Kološta National agricultural and Food Centre/Soil science and Conservation Research institute Bratislava Regional Station Banská Bystica Slovakia Faculty of Ecomonics Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica Banská Bystrica Slovakia

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of natural phytoremediation, impact of growing fast-growing trees on contaminated agricultural land on ecosystem services using a Matrix evaluation system. The Matrix system is a table that links an ecosystem to its potential to provide ecosystem services. To determine the monetary price of natural capital for the provision of ecosystem services, we chose the value transfer method, based on which it is possible to assign a price (1 point = 40.7 EUR) to point values. Monitoring of the study site Kuchyňa (Mollic Fluvisol) is running since year 2010. The fast-growing willow was planted (between 2006 to 2018 year) on an area of about 43 hectares. During the monitoring of soil parameters, we observed a slight decrease in the value of the active soil reaction, a negative trend in the content of available phosphorus and a positive trend in the development of the total content risk elements in the soil. The phytoremediation ability of willow regarding risk elements was manifested by an increase in the value and price of production and regulatory ecosystem services at the monitored location. The price of natural phytoremediation of fast-growing willow on the given area was 218762.5 EUR for production services and 171509.8 EUR for regulatory services.

关键词： Ecosystem Services Soil Parameters Fast Growing Trees

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Integrating Remote Sensing and Proximal Sensors for the Detection of Soil Moisture and Salinity Variability in Coastal Areas

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第4期12卷 723-731页

作者： GUO Yan SHI Zhou ZHOU Lian-qing JIN Xi TIAN Yan-feng TENG Hong-fen institute of agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology Application College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University

Soil moisture and salinity are two crucial coastal saline soil variables, which influence the soil quality and agricultural productivity in the reclaimed coastal region. Accurately characterizing the spatial variability of these soil parameters is critical for the rational development and utilization of tideland resources. In the present study, the spatial variability of soil moisture and salinity in the reclaimed area of Hangzhou gulf, Shangyu City, Zhejiang Province, China, was detected using the data acquired from radar image and the proximal sensor EM38. Soil moisture closely correlates radar scattering coefficient, and a simplified inversion model was built based on a backscattering coefficient extracted from multi-polarization data of ALOS/PALSAR and in situ soil moisture measured by a time domain reflectometer to detect soil moisture variations. The result indicated a higher accuracy of soil moisture inversion by the HH polarization mode than those by the HV mode. Soil salinity is reflected by soil apparent electrical conductivity （ECa）. Further, ECa can be rapidly detected by EM38 equipment in situ linked with GPS for characterizing the spatial variability of soil salinity. Based on the strong spatial variability and interactions of soil moisture and salinity, a cokriging interpolation method with auxiliary variable of backscattering coefficient was adopted to map the spatial variability of ECa. When compared with a map of ECa interpolated by the ordinary kriging method, detail was revealed and the accuracy was increased by 15.3%. The results conclude that the integrating active remote sensing and proximal sensors EM38 are effective and acceptable approaches for rapidly and accurately detecting soil moisture and salinity variability in coastal areas, especially in the subtropical coastal zones of China with frequent heavy cloud cover.

关键词： remote sensing proximal sensor soil moisture salinity backscattering coefficient soil apparent electricalconductivity (ECa)

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Seasonal Variability in Soil Inorganic Nitrogen Across Borders Between Woodland and Farmland in the Songnen Plain of Northeast China

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Pedosphere 2013年第4期23卷 472-481页

作者： LIN Chang-Cun FU Yao LIU Li WANG Kun WANG De-Li The Academy of Forestry Beijing Forestry University Department of Grassland science China Agricultural University institute of Grassland science Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Northeast Normal University and Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management of Jilin Province Chinese Research Academy of Environmental sciences

To study the seasonal variability of soil inorganic nitrogen (N) across borders at the woodland-farmland ecotone and potential mechanisms, contents of soil inorganic N were measured during the dry season (May 20 and June 30) and the rainy season (August 10 and September 20) of 2006 in the Songnen Plain of Northeast China. The borders between farmland and woodland were determined by a border-and-ecotone detection analysis (BEDA). The ecotone limits, often referred to as the depth-of-edge influence (DEI), are critical for determining the scale at which edge effect operates. The results showed that the soil inorganic N border between the woodland and farmland was located further toward the woodland interior during the rainy season (DEI=53.4±8.7 m, August 10) than during the dry season (DEI=35.0±12.6 m, May 20). The seasonal variability in the soil inorganic N border was found to be associated with seasonal changes of deposition flux of N (the correlation coefficients between them for the dry season and rainy season were 0.61 and 0.67, respectively), which resulted from foliation patterns of trees and crops. Accordingly, the leaf area index at woodland edges was lower than that in the woodland interior, so woodland edges captured large amounts of atmosphere nitrogen deposition. The average DEI was 44.1 m, which was in accordance with the values of other temperate forest boundaries in literatures; therefore, BEDA was an appropriate method to estimate the borders of ecotones.

关键词：土壤无机氮松嫩平原林地季节变化国界东北中国农牧交错带

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Overview of Impacts of Climate Change and Adaptation in China's Agriculture

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第1期13卷 1-17页

作者： WANG Jin-xia HUANG Ji-kun YANG Jun Center for Chinese agricultural Policy Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

The purpose of this paper is to document the likely impacts of climate change on China＇s agriculture and the current adaptation efforts made by government and farmers. The review of literature shows that climate change will have a significant impact on agriculture, primarily through its effect on crop yields. The extent of predicted impacts highly depends on the crop, the CO2 fertilization effect assumption and adaptation abilities. Market response to the production shocks resulting from climate change will lessen the impacts on agricultural production predicted by natural scientists. On adaptation, the government＇s major efforts have been in the developing new technologies, reforming extension system and enhancing institutional capacity. Farmers do adapt to climate change, but their adaptation measures cannot fully offset the negative impacts of climate change. The paper concludes and makes implications for future studies.

关键词： climate change agriculture adaptation China

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Identification of SNPs and expression patterns of FZD3 gene and its effect on wool traits in Chinese Merino sheep(Xinjiang Type)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第10期18卷 2351-2360页

作者： ZHAO Bing-ru FU Xue-feng TIAN Ke-chuan HUANG Xi-xia DI Jiang BAI Yan XU Xin-ming TIAN Yue-zhen WU Wei-wei ABLAT Sulayman ZENG Wei-dan HANIKEZI Tulafu College of Animal science Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052P.R.China Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Xinjiang Cashmere and Wool Sheep Institute of Animal ScienceXinjiang Academy of Animal SciencesUrumqi 830011P.R.China

As a member of the Frizzled family, Frizzled3 (FZD3) is a receptor of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and plays a vital role in mammalian hair follicle developmental processes. However, its effects on wool traits are not clear. The objectives of this study were to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the expression patterns of FZD3 gene, and then to determine whether it affected wool traits of Chinese Merino sheep (Xinjiang Type) or not. PCR-single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and sequencing were used to identify mutation loci, and general linear model (GLM) with SAS 9.1 was used for the association analysis between wool traits and SNPs. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to investigate FZD3 gene expression levels. The results showed that six exons of FZD3 gene were amplified and two mutation loci were identified in exon 1 (NC_019459.2: g.101771685 T>C (SNP1)) and exon 3 (NC_019459.2: g.101810848, A>C (SNP2)), respectively. Association analysis showed that SNP1 was significantly associated with mean fiber diameter (MFD)(P=0.04) and live weight (LW)(P=0.0004), SNP2 was significantly associated with greasy fleece weight (GFW)(P=0.04). The expression level of FZD3 gene in skin tissues of the superfine wool (SF) group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of the fine wool (F) group. Moreover, it had a higher expression level (P<0.01) in skin tissues than in other tissues of Chinese Merino ewes. While, its expression level had a fluctuant expression in skin tissues at different developmental stages of embryos and born lambs, with the highest expression levels (P<0.01) at the 65th day of embryos. Our study revealed the genetic relationship between FZD3 variants and wool traits and two identified SNPs might serve as potential and valuable genetic markers for sheep breeding and lay a molecular genetic foundation for sheep marker-assisted selection (MAS).

关键词： Chinese Merino sheep (Xinjiang Type) FZD3 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) expression pattern association analysis wool traits

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Impacts of Climate Change on Water and agricultural Production in Ten Large River Basins in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第7期12卷 1267-1278页

作者： WANG Jin-xia HUANG Ji-kun YAN Ting-ting Center for Chinese agricultural Policy Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

The overall goal of this paper is to examine impacts of climate change on water supply and demand balance and their consequences on agricultural production in ten river basins in China. To realize this goal, China Water Simulation Model （CWSM） is used to analyze three alternative climate scenarios （A1B, A2 and B2）. The results show that the impacts of climate change on water supply and demand balance differ largely among alternative scenarios. While significant impacts of climate change on water balance will occur under the A1B scenario, the impacts of climate change under the A2 and B2 scenarios will be marginal. Under the A1B scenario, the water shortage in the river basins located in the northern China will become more serious, particularly in Liaohe and Haihe river basins, but the other river basins in the southern China will improve their water balance situations. Despite larger impacts of climate change on water balance in the northern China, its impacts on total crops＇ production will be moderate if farmers would be able to reallocate water among crops and adjust irrigated and rainfed land. The paper concludes with some policy implications.

关键词： climate change water supply and demand agricultural production impacts

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Three co-located resistance genes confer resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust in wheat variety Borlaug 100

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The Crop Journal 2022年第2期10卷 490-497页

作者： Bowei Ye Ravi P.Singh Chan Yuan Demei Liu Mandeep S.Randhawa Julio Huerta-Espino Sridhar Bhavani Evans Lagudah Caixia Lan College of Plant science&Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) Apdo.Postal 6-64106600 Mexico D.F.Mexico Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of ScienceXining 810008QinghaiChina Campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP Apdo.Postal 1056230ChapingoEdo.de MexicoMexico CSIRO Agriculture&Food GPO Box 1600CanberraACT 2601Australia

Leaf rust(LR) and stripe rust(YR) are important diseases in wheat producing areas worldwide and cause severe yield losses under favorable environmental conditions when susceptible varieties are grown. We determined the genetic basis of resistance to LR and YR in variety Borlaug 100 by developing and phenotyping a population of 198 F6 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross with the susceptible parent Apav#1. LR and YR phenotyping were conducted for 4 and 3 seasons, respectively, at CIMMYT research stations in Mexico under artificial epidemics. Mendelian segregation analyses indicated that 3–5 LR and 2 YR genes conferred resistance in Borlaug 100. Lr46/Yr29(1 BL), Yr17(2 AS) and Yr30(3 BS) were present in the resistant parent and segregated in the RIL population based on characterization by molecular markers linked to these genes. When present alone, Lr46/Yr29 caused average 13% and 16% reductions in LR and YR severities, respectively, in RILs. Similarly, Yr17 and Yr30 reduced YR severities by 57% and 11%, respectively. The Yr30 and the Yr17 translocation were also associated with 27% and 14% reductions, respectively, in LR severity, indicating that the 3 BS and 2 AS chromosomal regions likely carry new slow rusting LR resistance genes, temporarily designated as Lr B1 and Lr B2, respectively. Additive effects of Yr30*Yr17, Yr29*Yr17 and Yr29*Yr30 on YR and LR were significant and reduced YR severities by 56%,55%, and 45%, respectively, and LR severities by 34%, 40%, and 45%, respectively. Furthermore, interaction between the three genes was also significant, with mean reductions of 70% for YR and 54% for LR severities. Borlaug 100, or any one of the 21 lines with variable agronomic traits but carrying all three colocated resistance loci, can be used as resistance sources in wheat breeding programs.

关键词： Co-located resistance loci Common wheat Gene interaction Puccinia triticina Puccinia striiformis Triticum aestivum

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In vitro POLLEN PLANT INDUCTION AND EMBRYOID CLONE ESTABLISHMENT OF Panax ginseng

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science in China,Ser.B 1987年第9期30卷 941-945页

作者：杜令阁侯艳华常维春李安生傅志明邵启全陈泽光杨振棠 institute of Special Local Products CAAS Jilin institute of Genetics Academia Sinica Beijing Jilin City institute of agricultural sciences

In anther culture of Panax ginseng, its callus formation showed a wide adaptability to culture media. Large numbers of calli were induced on media exhibiting better effects of induction. Supplemeres of 5 mg 2,4-D/1 and 1 mg KT/1 to the media proved to be much effective. Regeneration of the whole plantlets from anther culture of Panax ginseng is usually quite difficult. During the past three years, however, sixteen of the 100 medium formulae tested were proved to be suitable. The formulae of MS+0.5 mg BA/1+2 mg GA/1+1000 mg LH/1+3％ sucrose were considered good and effective. A visibly differentiated body, which was light-milky white and later turned into a light green spot, was formed 40 days after the callus was transferred to the differentiation media. This body differentiated subsequently into buds, roots and, eventually, seedlings. The embryoid clones have been established in order to maintain its ability of continual differentiation into plantlets through successive culturings of many generations.

关键词： ZKT BA ZGA MS LH

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