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Solid-state phase transformation of TC11 titanium during unstable thermal cycling in laser melting deposition process

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Journal of iron and steel Research International 2019年第7期26卷 743-750页

作者： Xiao-dong Li Jin Liu Yan-yan Zhu Xu Cheng Dong Liu Ji-kui Zhang National Engineering Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing for Large Metallic components and Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Laser Direct Manufacturing for Large Metallic components School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 China Beijing Yuding Additive Manufacturing Research Institute co. Ltd. Beijing 100096 China School of Aircraft Design Beihang University Beijing 100191 China

Thermal cycling procedure during laser additive manufacturing (LAM) process causes the appearance of bright and dark patterns on the etched surface of TC11 alloy components. The formation mechanisms of these patterns and the solid-state transformation related to LAM process are systematically investigated with the predication of temperature fields using the finite element software ABAQUS. The results indicate that by increasing subsequent thermal cycles, the peak temperatures for every cycle decrease. When peak temperatures are above Tβ(phase transition temperature of β phase), which is 1010℃ in TC11 alloy, no pattern is observed. Meanwhile, a decrease in peak temperature leads to appearance of an ultrafine basket-weave α+β microstructure (dark contrast) with gradually increased amount of α colonies in the alloy. A special bimodal microstructure with ‘fork-like'α lamella appears in the layer when the peak temperatures of thermal cycles firstly fall into α+β dual-phase region. And this special bimodal microstructure gives a bright contrast and only appears at the region where the peak temperatures are below 970℃, leaving the rest region with a dark contrast. With the continuous increase in thermal cycles in α+β dual-phase region,α lamella gradually coarsens. After five thermal cycles in α+β two-phase region, no further changes in microstructure are observed, and the morphologies of α lamella in dark and bright regions are almost the same but with different amounts of α phase.

关键词： Thermal cycling Laser melting deposition TC11 Solid-state phase transformation Temperature field

Kinetic modeling on hot metal desulfurization with mechanical stirring

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Journal of iron and steel Research International 2022年第5期29卷 719-724页

作者： Yan-yu Zhao Li-feng Zhang Wei Chen Shu-sen Cheng Ying Ren School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB)Beijing100083China Beijing Shougang co. Ltd.Qianan064404HebeiChina School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering North China University of TechnologyBeijing100144China State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology School of Mechanical EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004HebeiChina

A kinetic model on hot metal desulfurization with mechanical stirring was established using FactSage Macro *** sulfur diffusion in the molten steel and reactions at the interface between the molten steel and the desulfurizer particle were *** results agreed well with experimental results,indicating that the model can be used to predict the desulfurization rate and cost with various temperatures,chemical compositions,rotation speeds,and desulfurizer *** higher impeller rotation speed from 80 to 120 r/min,higher temperature from 1573 to 1673 K,smaller particle size from 2.5 to 1.5μm,and more desulfurizer addition from 0.35 to 0.64 kg/t were suggested to improve the desulfurization ***,to synthetically increase the desulfurization efficiency and lower the cost,contours of S content and cost during the desulfurization process with various desulfurizer additions and time were *** on industrial cost data analysis of the added desulfurizer,the refractory erosion,and electric power consumption,the total cost of the hot metal desulfurization with time step(Δt)was fitted as cost_(total)=0.066+1.58×10^(−7)·Δ*** less desulfurizer addition and longer desulfurization time contributed to lowering the cost,while more desulfurizer addition was conducive to improving the desulfurization efficiency.

关键词： Kinetics Desulfurization Kanbara reactor hot metal treatment

High cycle fatigue behavior of titanium microalloyed high-strength beam steels

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Journal of iron and steel Research International 2023年第11期30卷 2267-2279页

作者： Zhi-jun Gao Guang-fei Pan Yu Song Shui-ze Wang Xiao-yu Ye Xin-ping Mao Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Pangang Group Research Institute co. Ltd.State Key Laboratory of Vanadium and Titanium Resources Comprehensive UtilizationPanzhihua617000SichuanChina Guangdong Laboratory for Materials Science and Technology Yangjiang Branch(Yangjiang Advanced Alloys Laboratory)Yangjiang529500GuangdongChina

The realization of an ideal combination of mechanical and fatigue properties is prerequisites for practical application of titanium(Ti)microalloyed steel in automotive *** fatigue behavior of four Ti microalloyed high-strength beam steels with different Ti contents was systematically *** results show that the content of microalloying element Ti has a significant effect on the fatigue properties,especially in the steel with a high Ti *** the experimental Ti microalloyed steel,inclusion-induced crack initiation is the main fatigue failure *** from general fatigue fracture mechanism in Ti-contained steel,no TiN,which is the most detrimental to fatigue behavior,was found in fatigue crack initiation ***,the large-sized TiN and oxide complex inclusion with a core-shell structure is the dominant cause of fatigue *** of the intense-localized deformation at the interface between complex inclusion and matrix,the angular TiN in the outer shell has a serious deteriorating effect on the fatigue properties,which is consistent with the result of the Kernel average misorientation ***,the modification effect of a small amount of MnS on large-sized inclusion is not obvious and has little effect on the fatigue *** more practical guidance,the critical inclusion sizes of the experimental steels were also investigated by experimental extrapolation *** the increasing tensile strength,the inclusion sensitivity of the experimental steels increases,leading to the small critical inclusion size.

关键词： Titanium microalloyed steel High cycle fatigue Fatigue fracture Critical inclusion size

Effect of stabilizing treatment on microstructure and stress rupture properties of phosphorus microalloyed Inconel 706 alloy

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Journal of iron and steel Research International 2023年第8期30卷 1613-1621页

作者： Sha Zhang Yu-chao Wu Yu Lil Zhong-pei Dail Dan Jia Yan-fei Xu Guang-sheng Zeng Zhi-ming Guo Jian Liul college of Mechanical&Electrical Engineering Changsha UniversityChangsha 410022HunanChina Hunan Engineering Research Center of Research and Development of Degradable Materials and Molding Technology Changsha UniversityChangsha 410022HunanChina Changsha Kaiple Technology co. Ltd.Changsha 410114HunanChina Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016LiaoningChina

The microstructure and stress rupture properties of Inconel 706 alloy microalloyed with phosphorus are examined under stabilizing and unstabilizing heat treatment *** was found that applying the stabilizing treatment resulted in a 98% increment in the stress rupture life and a 215% increment in the elongation tested at 650℃/690 MPa for the alloy compared to that under the unstabilizing heat treatment *** stabilizing treatment led to the precipitation of rod-shaped and needle-shaped n phases at the grain *** of γ'-γ" co-precipitates in the grain interior were noncompact form and compact form for the alloy under unstabilizing and stabilizing heat treatment conditions,*** on the microstructure characterizations,the improvement of stress rupture properties by the stabilizing treatment was attributed to the precipitation of n phases at the grain boundaries,which can hinder cracks initiation and propagation and relieve the stress concentration.

关键词： Superalloy Stabilization ηphase γ'-γ"co-precipitate Stress rupture property

Applications of optimal mathematic-physical models in metallurgical manufacture scheduling system at Baosteel

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2003年第6期10卷 30-34页

作者： JianQiu NaiyuanTian ZhixinLu GuoweiSun MetallurgicalEngineeringSchool UniversityofScienceandTechnologyBeijingBeijing100083China Baoshanironandsteelco.ltd. Shanghai201900China

The transfer of mass flow between ironmaking and steelmaking process atBaoshan iron and steel co. ltd. has been analyzed. The mathematic-physical models of transportscheduling for hot metal manufacturing have been researched combined with the practical problem inthe metallurgical manufacture procedure. Taking into account these models, the scheduling softwarehas been designed, programmed and tested on-line. The new automation system of production schedulinghas been implemented successfully at Baosteel, which produces a great economic benefit.

关键词： mathematic-physical model software applications locomotive transportscheduling

Simulation of bubble breaking process in a jet mixing reactor for desulfurization of molten iron

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Journal of iron and steel Research International 2023年第6期30卷 1117-1127页

作者： Chao Lv Xu-xin Chen Zhao-xiang Ji Hong-liang Zhao Tao Yang Lin-hui Yu School of control Engineering Northeastern University at QinhuangdaoQinhuangdao 066000HebeiChina State Key Laboratory of complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650000YunnanChina School of Metallurgy and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Yingkou Dongbang Environmental Protection Technology co. Ltd.Yingkou 115000LiaoningChina

The gas–liquid flow behavior of the stirred flow field,the different positions of a single bubble,the initial velocity,the surface tension and the agglomeration of multiple bubbles were studied by CFD numerical *** results show that the pressure distribution and velocity distribution inside the fluid during agitation indicate that the velocity difference between the liquid and the gas phase and the collision between the bubbles caused by the turbulent behavior of the liquid are the important conditions leading to the bubble *** initial bubble positions and initial bubble velocities have important effects on single bubble *** surface tension is an important condition that affects the bubble *** the surface tension coefficient is 0.7,the bubble will be stretched to the smallest degree;when the surface tension coefficient is 0.1,the bubble will be stretched to the largest degree and it will be easily broken into smaller *** multi-bubble results show the states and trajectories of coalescence between *** research results can provide data support for the engineering application of desulfurization process and theoretical guidance for the research of bubble breaking mechanism.

关键词： Desulfurization Molten iron Single bubble Bubble breakage Numerical simulation convergence

Data-driven flatness intelligent representation method of cold rolled strip

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Journal of iron and steel Research International 2023年第5期30卷 994-1012页

作者： Yang-huan Xu Dong-cheng Wang Bo-wei Duan Hong-min Liu National Engineering Research Center for Equipment and Technology of cold Rolling Strip Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004HebeiChina National Key Laboratory of Metal Forming Technology and Heavy Equipment China National Heavy Machinery Research Institute Co.Ltd.Xi’an 710032ShaanxiChina State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004HebeiChina

A high-accuracy flatness prediction model is the basis for realizing flatness *** flatness is typically reflected as the strain distribution,which is a ***,it is difficult to obtain ideal results if the real flatness is directly used as the output value of the flatness intelligent prediction ***,it is necessary to seek an abstract representation method of real *** this reason,two new intelligent flatness representation models were proposed based on the autoencoder of unsupervised learning theory:the flatness autoencoder representation(FAR)model and the flatness stacked sparse autoencoder representation(FSSAR)*** with the traditional Legendre fourth-order polynomial representation model,the representation accuracies of the FAR and FSSAR models are significantly improved,better representing the flatness defects,like the double tight *** optimal number of bottleneck layer neurons in the FAR and FSSAR models is 5,which means that five basic patterns can accurately represent real *** with the FAR model,the FSSAR model has higher representation accuracy,although the flatness basic pattern is more abstract,and the physical meaning is not clear ***,the accuracy of the FAR model is slightly lower than that of the FSSAR ***,it can automatically learn the flatness basic pattern with a very clear physical meaning for both the theoretical and real flatness,which is an optimal intelligent representation method for flatness.

关键词： cold rolling flatness Data-driven model Unsupervised learning Representation learning Autoencoder Bottleneck layer

Small-invasive determination of iron content in coating of galvanized steel sheets by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

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Journal of iron and steel Research International 2019年第10期26卷 1137-1146页

作者： Lan-xiang Sun Wei-ye Wang Mei-ting Guo Xue-yong Tian Peng Zhang Li-feng Qi Hai-bin Yu Peng Zeng Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016LiaoningChina Key Laboratory of Networked control Systems Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016LiaoningChina Northeastern University Shenyang 110819LiaoningChina Central Research Institute SIASUN Robot&Automation Co.Ltd.Shenyang 110168LiaoningChina University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

A new method was presented to determine the iron content in the coating of galvanized steel sheet based on laser-induced breakdown *** zinc-iron coating was characterized with a series of single laser pulses irradiated on the traversing sheet steel,each on a different steel sheet *** influences of laser fluence and elemental depth distribution were studied and *** protect the corrosion performance of the coating and meet requirements for small-invasive measurement,the ablation size of the crater under different laser fluences was *** the optimized experimental parameters,the diameter of ablation craters is about 50μm,and then,the Fe content in the coating was calibrated and analyzed by the linear standard calibration *** calibration result,however,is not *** that the Zn content in the coating was high and relatively constant,curve calibration was then carried out with the intensity ratio(IFe404.58/Izn468.01)instead of the net line intensity of Fe,and then,the determination coefficient of calibration curve increases from 0.7713 to 0.9511,and the root-mean-square error decreases from 0.4832%to 0.1509%.The results prove that the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is an effective way for the analysis of the Fe content in the coating of galvanized steel sheet.

关键词： Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy Galvanized steel sheet Quantitative analysis Small-invasive analysis iron content

HCWCI/Carbon steel Bimetal Liner by Liquid-Liquid compound Lost Foam Casting

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Journal of iron and steel Research International 2012年第10期19卷 13-19页

作者： XIAO Xiao-feng1,2, YE Sheng-ping2, YIN Wei-xin3, XUE Qiong4 (1. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, Hubei, China 2. State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China 3. Wuhan Zhike Abrasive-Resistant Material Science and Technology Development co ltd, Wuhan 430073, Hubei, China 4. college of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China) School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Wuhan Textile University Wuhan Hubei China State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China Wuhan Zhike Abrasive-Resistant Material Science and Technology Development co ltd Wuhan Hubei China college of Science Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China

Impact, friction and corrosion from the grinding balls and the grinding medium during the mineral processing result in liner breakage. Liner, made from Hadfield steel or alloyed steel, could not have served in wet grinding environment for more than ten months. composite liner, made from HCWCI (high Cr white cast iron) and carbon steel, has been developed successfully with liquid-liquid composing process based on LFC (lost foam casting). The microstructure of composite was analyzed with optical microscope, SEM (scanning electron microscope)/EDX energy-dispersive X-ray and XRD (X-ray diffraction). According to micrograph, the combination region of two metals was staggered like dogtooth, no mixtures occurred between two liquid metals, and its interface presented excellent metallurgical bonding state. The results of mechanical property test show that, the hardness of HRC, the fracture toughness, and the bending strength are more than 61, 16.5 J/cm2 and 1 600 MPa, respectively. comparison between liners made from bimetal composite and alloyed steel has also been investigated in industrial hematite ball mill. The results of eight months test in wet grinding environment prove that the service life of bimetal composite liner is three times as long as that of one made from alloyed steel.

关键词： composite liner bimetal liquid-liquid compound composite interface lost foam casting high Cr white cast iron