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High-rate electrochemical H_(2)O_(2) production over multimetallic atom catalysts under acidic–neutral conditions

Carbon Energy 2024年第1期6卷 44-62页

作者： Yueyu Tong Jiaxin Liu Bing-Jian Su Jenh-Yih Juang Feng Hou Lichang Yin Shi Xue Dou Ji Liang Key Laboratory for Advanced Ceramics and Machining technology of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjinChina Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials University of WollongongInnovation CampusNorth WollongongNew South WalesAustralia Department of Electrophysics National Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchuTaiwanChina Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyangLiaoningChina Institute of Energy Materials science University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina

Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))production by the electrochemical 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e−ORR)is a promising alternative to the energy-intensive anthraquinone process,and single-atom electrocatalysts show the unique capability of high selectivity toward 2e−ORR against the 4e−*** extremely low surface density of the single-atom sites and the inflexibility in manipulating their geometric/electronic configurations,however,compromise the H_(2)O_(2) yield and impede further performance ***,we construct a family of multiatom catalysts(MACs),on which two or three single atoms are closely coordinated to form high-density active sites that are versatile in their atomic configurations for optimal adsorption of essential*OOH *** them,the Cox–Ni MAC presents excellent electrocatalytic performance for 2e−ORR,in terms of its exceptionally high H_(2)O_(2) yield in acidic electrolytes(28.96 mol L^(−1) gcat.^(−1) h^(−1))and high selectivity under acidic to neutral conditions in a wide potential region(>80%,0–0.7 V).Operando X-ray absorption and density functional theory analyses jointly unveil its unique trimetallic Co2NiN8 configuration,which efficiently induces an appropriate Ni–d orbital filling and modulates the*OOH adsorption,together boosting the electrocatalytic 2e−ORR *** work thus provides a new MAC strategy for tuning the geometric/electronic structure of active sites for 2e−ORR and other potential electrochemical processes.

关键词： hydrogen peroxide production multiatom catalysts operando X-ray adsorption spectrum reaction mechanism tendency structure-property relation

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Mitigation of black carbon emissions could immediately reduce 6.3% of glacier melting in the Qilian Mountains

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第4期15卷 725-736页

作者： Ji-Zu CHEN Wen-Tao DU Shi-Chang KANG Xiang QIN Wei-Jun SUN Li-Hui LUO Yang LI Jun-Hua YANG You-Yan JIANG Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Eco-environment Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil EngineeringNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Geography and Environment Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China Zhangye Meteorological Bureau Zhangye 734000China Lanzhou Regional Climate center Lanzhou 730020China Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Gansu Provincial Industry technology center of Inteligent Equipment and Big Data for disaster Prevention Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou 730000China

Global warming in tandem with surface albedo reduction caused by black carbon(BC)deposition on glaciers accelerated glacier melting;however,their respective contributions remain *** in the Qilian Mountains are crucial for the development of oases in the Hexi Corridor;however,their area has decreased by more than 20%over the past ***,this study developed a dynamic deposition model for light-absorbing particles(LAPs),coupled with a surface energy and mass balance *** comprehensively assessed the effects of BC and warming on the melting of a typical glacier in the Qilian Mountains based on the coupled *** on the glacier surface caused 13.1%of annual glacier-wide melting,of which directly deposited atmospheric BC reduced the surface albedo by 0.02 and accounted for 9.1%of glacier *** air temperature during 2000-2010 has increased by 1.5°C relative to that during the 1950s,accounting for 51.9%of current glacier ***,BC emission have increased by 4.6 times compared to those of the early Industrial Revolution recorded in an ice core,accounting conservatively for 6.3%of current glacier *** BC emissions has a limited influence on current glacier melting;however,in the long-term,mitigation should exert a noteworthy impact on glacier melting through the self-purification of glaciers.

关键词： Glacier Melting Black carbon Simulation Qilian Mountains

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Near-Real-Time Analysis of Publicly Communicated disaster Response Information

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International Journal of disaster Risk science 2014年第3期5卷 165-175页

作者： Trevor Girard Friedemann Wenzel Bijan Khazai Tina Kunz-Plapp James E.Daniell Susan A.Brink center for disaster Management and Risk reduction technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76187 KarlsruheGermany

Analysis of a disaster event can identify strengths and weaknesses of the response implemented by the disaster management system;however, analysis does not typically occur until after the response phase is *** result is that knowledge gained can only benefit future responses rather than the response under investigation. This article argues that there is an opportunity to conduct analysis while the response is operational due to the increasing availability of information within hours and days of a disaster event. Hence, this article introduces a methodology for analyzing publicly communicated disaster response information in near-real-time. A classification scheme for the disaster information needs of the public has been developed to facilitate analysis and has led to the establishment of best observed practice standards for content and timeliness. By comparing the information shared with the public within days of a disaster to these standards,information gaps are revealed that can be investigated further. The result is identification of potential deficiencies in communicating critical disaster response information to the public at a time when they can still be corrected.

关键词： disaster response information Forensic disaster analysis Near-real-time analysis Post disaster evaluation

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Experimental Study of Influence of Fuel Ratio on Combustion Characteristics of Diesel-Wetted Wood Powder

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Journal of Thermal science 2020年第4期29卷 884-892页

作者： CHEN Changkun LEI Peng ZHANG Yulun XIAO Huang XU Tong JIAO Weibing State Key Laboratory of disaster Prevention and reduction for Power Grid Transmission and Distribution Equipment State Grid Hunan Electric Company Limited Disaster Prevention and Reduction CenterChangsha 410007China Institute of disaster Prevention science and Safety technology Central South UniversityChangsha 410075China

In this study, experiments were conducted to examine the influence of the fuel ratio(i.e., the ratio of diesel mass to wood powder mass) on the combustion characteristics of diesel-wetted wood powder, in which 0# diesel and poplar wood powder were used and well mixed. The fuel ratios were set to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0. Fire behaviors, temperature distributions, mass loss rates, and CO concentrations were measured and analyzed. The results showed that because of the coupled effect of evaporation and the capillary force, the ignition point of diesel-wetted wood powder(less than 3°C) dropped dramatically as compared with that of pure wood powder(higher than 280°C) and pure diesel(higher than 107°C). At the early stage of combustion, diesel is lifted upwards by the capillary force, increasing both the concentration of diesel vapor and the temperature at the surface. When the surface temperature reaches that of the pyrolysis of wood powder, considerable pyrolysis gas emerges and combusts. As the flammable gas is consumed gradually, carbon combusts prominently when plenty of oxygen diffuses to its surface. Regarding the influence of the fuel ratio, the results showed that in cases with lower fuel ratios, the combustion was not self-sustainable. When the fuel ratio was relatively high, the temperature at the flame center was lower owing to incomplete combustion. More CO could be found in cases with higher fuel ratios in the early and late stages of combustion. The results could help to improve knowledge regarding combustion of fuel-wetted wood powder.

关键词： diesel-wetted wood powder fuel ratio flammability combustion characteristics

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Applications of the Small Satellite Constellation for Environment and disaster Monitoring and Forecasting

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International Journal of disaster Risk science 2010年第2期1卷 9-16页

作者： Weixing Zhang Sanchao Liu National disaster reduction center and the Satellite disaster reduction Application center Ministry of Civil AffairsBeijing 100024China

Small Satellite Constellation for Environment and disaster Monitoring and Forecasting(SSCEDMF), loaded with the Charge Coupled Device(CCD), hyperspectral imager(HSI), infrared scanner(IRS), and S band Synthetic Aperture Radar(S-SAR), featuring large width, high revisitation rate, and medium spatial resolution, is an important part of China’s earth observation system. On 6 September 2008, China successfully launched two small optical satellites(HJ-1-A/B) of SSCEDMF. Since then, the Office of the China National Committee for disaster reduction has, according to the demand of disaster reduction and relief, actively organized the application of these satellites for disaster reduction, established a sound system of products applying space technology in disaster reduction, and included HJ-1-A/B into the national system of disaster reduction and alleviation decision-making support services. This has played an important role in the monitoring and early warning of emerging major natural disasters at home and abroad.

关键词： disaster Small scanner

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COP 28: Challenge of coping with climate crisis

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The Innovation 2024年第1期5卷 21-22页

作者： Tong Jiang Xiaojia He Buda Su Peni Hausia Havea Ke Wei Zbigniew W.Kundzewicz Dong Liu Research Institute of Climatic and Environmental Governance/Institute for disaster Risk Management School of Geographical ScienceNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China The Administrative center for China’s Agenda 21 Beijing 100038China Pacific Global Solution Nuku’alofaTongatapu 000676Tonga Centre for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Poznan University of Life Sciences60-637 PoznanPoland The Paper Shanghai United Media GroupShanghai 200040China

The 28th Conference of Parties(COP 28)of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)is being held in Dubai,United Arab Emirates,from November 30 to December 12,2023,with the participation of over 160 world leaders(Figure 1).The tone of the COP 28 is set by the observation that,clearly,the nationally determined contributions related to CO_(2) emission reduction are not on track to curb the temperature rise as per the Paris *** order to hold the increase in global mean temperature to well below 2℃ above the pre-industrial level and to pursue efforts to limit the warming to 1.5℃,there is a need for ratcheting up ambition for near-term climate action.

关键词： Figure limit COP

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Long-Term Extreme Wave Characteristics in the Water Adjacent to China Based on ERA5 Reanalysis Data

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第1期23卷 1-10页

作者： DU Wenyan ZHANG Xuri SHI Hongyuan LI Guanyu ZHOU Zhengqiao YOU Zaijin ZHANG Kuncheng School of Hydraulic Engineering Ludong UniversityYantai 264025China center for Ports and Maritime Safety(CPMS) Dalian Maritime UniversityDalian 1160263China Nation Ocean technology center Tianjin 300111China Navigation Guarantee center of South China Sea(NGCS)MOT Guangzhou Hydrographic center Guangzhou 510320China Institute of Marine Development/Military Teaching Department School of MarxismOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Yantai Kekan Marine technology Co. Ltd.Yantai 264025China

Extreme waves have a profound impact on coastal infrastructure;thus,understanding the variation law of risky analysis and disaster prevention in coastal zones is *** paper analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of extreme wave heights adjacent to China from 1979 to 2018 based on the ERA5 *** extreme value analysis is undertaken in eight repre-sentative points to investigate the trends in the values of 50-and 100-year wave *** show that the mean value of extreme waves is the largest in the eastern part of taiwan Island and the smallest in the Bohai Sea from 1979 to *** the extreme wave height in the northeastern part of taiwan Island shows a significant increase trend in the study *** analysis shows remarkable variations in the values of 50-and 100-year significant wave heights in eight *** the annual mean change,E1,E2,S1,and S2 present an increasing trend,while S3 shows a decreasing *** points for the seasonal mean change demon-strate an increasing trend in spring and winter,while other points show a decreasing trend in summer and ***,the E1 point growth rate is large in autumn,which is related to the change in typhoon intensity and the northward movement of the typhoon path.

关键词： extreme wave height NEVA wave climate ERA5 reanalysis

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GIS-based Evaluation on the Fault Motion-Induced Coseismic Landslides

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Journal of Mountain science 2012年第5期9卷 601-612页

作者： Ming-Wey HUANG Chien-Yuan CHEN Tzu-Hsiu WU Chi-Ling CHANG Sheu-Yien LIU Ching-Yun KAO taiwan science & technology center for disaster reduction Sindian City Taipei County 231 Chinese Taipei taiwan Chiayi University Department of Civil & Water Resources Engineering Chiayi City 60004 Chinese Taipei Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and science Institute of Industrial Safety & Disaster Prevention Tainan City 71710 Chinese Taipei

Earthquake-induced potential landslides are commonly estimated using landslide susceptibility maps. Nevertheless, the fault location is not identified and the ground motion caused by it is unavailable in the map. Thus, potential coseismic landslides for a specific fault motion-induced earthquake could not be predicted using the map. It is meaningful to incorporate the fault location and ground motion characteristics into the landslide predication model. A new method for a specific fault motion-induced coseismic landslide prediction model using GIS （Geographic Information System） is proposed herein. Location of mountain ridges, slope gradients over 45~, PVGA （Peak Vertical Ground Accelerations） exceeded o.15 g, and PHGA （Peak Horizontal Ground Accelerations） exceeded o.25 g of slope units were representing locations that initiated landslides during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in taiwan. These coseismic landslide characteristics were used to identify areas where landslides occurred during Meishan fault motion-induced strong ground motions in Chiayi County in taiwan. The strong ground motion （over 8 Gal in the database, 1 Gal = 0.0l m/s2, and 1 g = 981 GaD characteristics were evaluated by the fault length, site distance to the fault, and topography, and their attenuation relations are presented in GIS. The results of the analysis show that coseismic landslide areas could be identified promptly using GIS. The earthquake intensity and focus depthhave visible effects on ground motion. The shallower the focus depth, the larger the magnitude increase of the landslides. The GIS-based landslide predication method is valuable combining the geomorphic characteristics and ground motion attenuation relationships for a potential region landslide hazard assessment and in disaster mitigation planning.

关键词： Coseismic landslide GIS Chi-Chiearthquake

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BeiDou Integrated disaster reduction Application Platform

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China Communications 2015年第8期12卷 169-182页

作者： Lü Xuefeng LIAO Yongfeng LI Bo DENG Lan National disaster reduction center of China Key Laboratory of Integrated disaster Assessment and Risk Government of the Ministry of Civil Affairs

To better improve the emergency communication and location-based services of disaster information reporting network for serious natural response and relieL disaster emergency the national natural disaster reduction application platform based on BeiDou navigation satellite system is constructed. The administrative distributed platform is integrated with BeiDou positioning and multiple communication ways so as to achieve main disaster reduction application services, including disaster information acquisition and monitoring, emergency relief for trapped people, on-site emergency relief command service, relief supplies＇ transportation monitoring, and disaster information publishing service. By the platform, serious disaster information reporting time may be reduced to one hour and the emergency decision-making information service for serious natural disasters can be effectively improved, and it will be helpful to provide technical references for the industrial application and promotion of BeiDou inte- grated disaster reduction.

关键词： beidou navigation satellite sys-tem disaster location service emergencycommunication disaster information manage- ment disaster emergency relief

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Quantifying disaster Physical Damage Using Remote Sensing Data——A Technical Work Flow and Case Study of the 2014 Ludian Earthquake in China

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International Journal of disaster Risk science 2017年第4期8卷 471-488页

作者： Yida Fan Qi Wen Wei Wang Ping Wang Lingling Li Peng Zhang Information center Ministry of Civil Affairs National disaster reduction center of China Ministry of Civil Affairs

disaster damage assessment is an important basis for the objective assessment of the social impacts of disasters and for the planning of recovery and reconstruction. It is also an important research field with regard to disaster mitigation and risk management. Quantitative assessment of physical damage refers to the determination of the physical damage state of the exposed elements in a disaster area, reflecting the aggregate quantities of damages. It plays a key role in the comprehensive damage assessment of major natural hazard-induced disasters. The National disaster reduction center of China has established a technical work flow for the quantitative assessment of disaster physical damage using remote sensing *** article presents a quantitative assessment index system and method that can be integrated with high-resolution remote sensing data, basic geographical data, and field survey data. Following the 2014 Ludian Earthquake in Yunnan Province, China, this work flow was used to assess the damage to buildings, roads, and agricultural and forest resources, and the assessment results were incorporated into the disaster Damage Comprehensive Assessment Report of the 2014 Ludian Earthquake for the State Council of China. This article also outlines some possible improvements that can be addressed in future work.

关键词： China disaster damage assessment Ludian Earthquake Quantitative physical damage assessment Remote sensing in damage assessment

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