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Computational Visual Media 2019年第2期5卷 161-170页

作者： Martin Ritz Simon Breitfelder Pedro Santos Arjan Kuijper Dieter W. Fellner Fraunhofer IGD Darmstadt64283Germany tu Darmstadt Darmstadt64289Germany tu graz Graz8010Austria

We show how to overcome the single weakness of an existing fully automatic system for acquisition of spatially varying optical material behavior of real object surfaces. While the expression of spatially varying material behavior with spherical dependence on incoming light as a 4D texture(an ABTF material model) allows flexible mapping onto arbitrary 3D geometry, with photo-realistic rendering and interaction in real time,this very method of texture-like representation exposes it to common problems of texturing, striking in two disadvantages. Firstly, non-seamless textures create visible artifacts at boundaries. Secondly, even a perfectly seamless texture causes repetition artifacts due to their organised placement in large numbers over a 3D surface. We have solved both problems through our novel texture synthesis method that generates a set of seamless texture variations randomly distributed over the surface at shading time. When compared to regular 2D textures, the inter-dimensional coherence of the 4D ABTF material model poses entirely new challenges to texture synthesis, which includes maintaining the consistency of material behavior throughout the 4D space spanned by the spatial image domain and the angular illumination hemisphere. In addition, we tackle the increased memory consumption caused by the numerous variations through a fitting scheme specifically designed to reconstruct the most prominent effects captured in the material model.

关键词： optical material behavior reflectance modeling 4D texture synthesis texturing

Engineering for problem solving in future: Eco-social market economy and eco-social tech

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2001年第3期13卷 257-264页

作者： A Moser Institute of Biotechnology Group Eco-Tech A-8010 Graz Petersgasse 12 Austria. moser@biote.tu-graz.ac.at

The paper differentiates approaches in technology (end-of-pipe, cleaner production, industrial ecology, zero emission and eco-social-tech) and compares them in respect to the problem solving capacity on the ecological as well as social dimension by showing the eco-impact reduction and job creation. Eco-social-tech represents the approach with highest problem solution as it is based on "eco-social market economy", which will the replace free market economy. The deep background of these innovations is "ecosophy", the wisdom of nature, which serves as guideline for eco-restructuring the world.

关键词： Eco-social market economy and eco-social tech Engineering for problem solving in future In

CO_(2)capture costs of chemical looping combustion of biomass:A comparison of natural and synthetic oxygen carrier

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 296-310页

作者： Benjamin Fleiß Juraj Priscak Martin Hammerschmid Josef Fuchs Stefan Müller Hermann Hofbauer Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience EngineeringTU WienVienna1060 ViennaAustria BEST–Bioenergy and Sustainable Technologies GmbH Graz8010 StyriaAustria

Chemical looping combustion has the potential to be an efficient and low-cost technology capable of contributing to the reduction of the atmospheric concentration of CO_(2) in order to reach the 1.5/2°C goal and mitigate climate *** this process,a metal oxide is used as oxygen carrier in a dual fluidized bed to generate clean CO_(2) via combustion of *** commonly,natural ores or synthetic materials are used as oxygen carrier whereas both must meet special requirements for the conversion of solid *** oxygen carriers are characterized by higher reactivity at the expense of higher costs versus the lower-cost natural *** determine the viability of both possibilities,a techno-economic comparison of a synthetic material based on manganese,iron,and copper to the natural ore ilmenite was *** synthetic oxygen carrier was characterized and tested in a pilot plant,where high combustion efficiencies up to 98.4%and carbon capture rates up to 98.5%were *** techno-economic assessment resulted in CO_(2) capture costs of 75 and 40€/tCO_(2) for the synthetic and natural ore route respectively,whereas a sensitivity analysis showed the high impact of production costs and attrition rates of the synthetic *** synthetic oxygen carrier could break even with the natural ore in case of lower production costs and attrition rates,which could be reached by adapting the production process and recycling *** comparison to state-of-the-art technologies,it is demonstrated that both routes are viable and the capture cost of CO_(2) could be reduced by implementing the chemical looping combustion technology.

关键词： Chemical looping combustion BECCS Techno-economic assessment CO_(2)capture costs Oxygen carrier development Synthetic materials Ilmenite

Interactive labelling of a multivariate dataset for supervised machine learning using linked visualisations,clustering,and active learning

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Visual Informatics 2019年第1期3卷 9-17页

作者： Mohammad Chegini Jürgen Bernard Philip Berger Alexei Sourin Keith Andrews Tobias Schreck graz University of Technology Austria School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore tu Darmstadt Germany University of Rostock Germany

Supervised machine learning techniques require labelled multivariate training *** approaches address the issue of unlabelled datasets by tightly coupling machine learning algorithms with interactive *** appropriate techniques,analysts can play an active role in a highly interactive and iterative machine learning process to label the dataset and create meaningful *** this principle has been implemented either for unsupervised,semi-supervised,or supervised machine learning tasks,the combination of all three methodologies remains *** this paper,a visual analytics approach is presented,combining a variety of machine learning capabilities with four linked visualisation views,all integrated within the mVis(multivariate Visualiser)*** available palette of techniques allows an analyst to perform exploratory data analysis on a multivariate dataset and divide it into meaningful labelled partitions,from which a classifier can be *** the workflow,the analyst can label interesting patterns or outliers in a semi-supervised process supported by active *** a dataset has been interactively labelled,the analyst can continue the workflow with supervised machine learning to assess to what degree the subsequent classifier has effectively learned the concepts expressed in the labelled training *** a novel technique called automatic dimension selection,interactions the analyst had with dimensions of the multivariate dataset are used to steer the machine learning algorithms.A real-world football dataset is used to show the utility of mVis for a series of analysis and labelling tasks,from initial labelling through iterations of data exploration,clustering,classification,and active learning to refine the named partitions,to finally producing a high-quality labelled training dataset suitable for training a *** tool empowers the analyst with interactive visualisations including scatterplots,parallel

关键词： Labelling Clustering Classification Active learning Multivariate data Visualisation

Immersive virtual reality for extending the potential of building information modeling in architecture,engineering,and construction sector:systematic review

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2022年第1期15卷 503-526页

作者： Saeed Safikhani Stephan Keller Gerald Schweiger Johanna Pirker Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science Graz University of TechnologyGrazAustria Institute of Software Technology Graz University of TechnologyGrazAustria

The field of architecture,engineering,and construction(AEC)is continually striving to use resources efficiently and manage complex *** more than ever,there is a strong need for digital transformation in *** improvement in the accessibility of consumer-based head-mounted displays(HMD)is attracting different entertainment and research fields to immersive virtual reality(VR)*** Information Modeling(BIM)is known as a promising technology in *** full potential of BIM is not yet employed to empower this field,however,and this could be a result of some barriers still to be surmounted by BIM in both technological and management *** of these barriers is the communication and collaboration between design,construction,operation,and maintenance *** can fill this gap by providing additional capabilities for BIM which either were not available before or were not possible to employ in practical *** this paper,we systematically review recent research around the application of VR in BIM and discuss the results using the PRISMA *** discuss the most commonly used technologies,software,and evaluation methods and the various applications of VR in the reviewed ***,we extend the discussion by summarizing the potential future work in this area.

关键词： Building information modeling architecture engineering construction virtual reality BIM VR

Malware Guard Extension:abusing Intel SGX to conceal cache attacks

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Cybersecurity 2020年第1期3卷 22-41页

作者： Michael Schwarz Samuel Weiser Daniel Gruss Clementine Maurice Stefan Mangard graz University of Technology GrazAustria CNRS IRISARennesFrance.

In modern computer systems,user processes are isolated from each other by the operating system and the ***,in a cloud scenario it is crucial that the hypervisor isolates tenants from other tenants that are co-located on the same physical ***,the hypervisor does not protect tenants against the cloud provider and thus,the supplied operating system and *** SGX provides a mechanism that addresses this *** aims at protecting user-level software from attacks from other processes,the operating system,and even physical *** this paper,we demonstrate fine-grained software-based side-channel attacks from a malicious SGX enclave targeting co-located *** attack is the first malware running on real SGX hardware,abusing SGX protection features to conceal ***,we demonstrate our attack both in a native environment and across multiple Docker *** perform a Prime+Probe cache side-channel attack on a co-located SGX enclave running an up-to-date RSA implementation that uses a constant-time multiplication *** attack works,although in SGX enclaves,there are no timers,no large pages,no physical addresses,and no shared *** a semi-synchronous attack,we extract 96%of an RSA private key from a single *** extract the full RSA private key in an automated attack from 11 traces within 5 min.

关键词： Intel SGX Side channel Side-channel attack Prime+Probe

Experimentally validated atomistic simulation of the effect of relevant grinding parameters on work piece topography,internal stresses,and microstructure

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Friction 2022年第4期10卷 608-629页

作者： S.J.EDER P.G.GRÜTZMACHER T.SPENGER H.HECKES H.ROJACZ A.NEVOSAD F.HAAS AC2T research GmbH Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2/CWiener Neustadt 2700Austria Institute of Engineering Design and Product Development TU WienLehárgasse 6-Objekt 7Vienna 1060Austria Institute of Production Engineering Graz University of TechnologyKopernikusgasse 24/IGraz 8010Austria Tyrolit-Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski K.G. Swarovskistraße 33Schwaz 6130Austria

In this work,we present a fully atomistic approach to modeling a finishing process with the goal to shed light on aspects of work piece development on the microscopic scale,which are difficult or even impossible to observe in experiments,but highly relevant for the resulting material *** a large-scale simulative parametric study,we varied four of the most relevant grinding parameters:The work piece material,the abrasive shape,the temperature,and the infeed *** order to validate our model,we compared the normalized surface roughness,the power spectral densities,the steady-state contact stresses,and the microstructure with proportionally scaled macroscopic experimental *** the grain sizes vary by a factor of more than 1,000 between experiment and simulation,the characteristic process parameters were reasonably reproduced,to some extent even allowing predictions of surface quality degradation due to tool *** the experimentally validated model,we studied time-resolved stress profiles within the ferrite/steel work piece as well as maps of the microstructural changes occurring in the near-surface *** found that blunt abrasives combined with elevated temperatures have the greatest and most complex impact on near-surface microstructure and stresses,as multiple processes are in mutual competition here.

关键词： large-scale molecular dynamics surface quality microstructure Revolutions per minute-Synchronous Grinding(RPM-Synchronous Grinding) tool wear

Influence of LDH conversion coatings on the adhesion and corrosion protection of friction spot-joined AA2024-T3/CF-PPS

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第8期67卷 197-210页

作者： A.C.Bouali N.M.Andre M.R.Silva Campos M.Serdechnova J.F.dos Santos S.T.Amancio-Filho M.L.Zheludkevich Institute of Materials Research Helmholtz-Zentrum G eesthacht.Magnesium Innovation CentreCorrosion and Surface TechnologyMax-Planck-Straβe 121502 CeesthachtGermany Institute of Materials Research Helmholtz-Zentrum GeesthachtMaterials MechanicsSolid State Joining ProcessesMax-Planck-Straβe 121502 CeesthachtGermany graz University of Technology-tu graz Institute of Materials Sciencejoining and FormingBMK Endowed Professorship for AviationKopemikusgasse 24/18010 GrazAustria Faculty of Engineering University of KielKaiserstrasse 224143 KielGermany

Layered double hydroxide(LDH)conversion coatings loaded with corrosion inhibitors were suggested for the surface treatment of the aluminum alloy 2024-T3,prior to friction spot joining with carbon-fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide(AA2024-T3/CF-PPS).Vanadate was used as a model corrosion *** shear testing method revealed an increase of approx.20%of the joint’s adhesion performance when treated with LDH and before exposure to salt *** evaluation of the joints after exposure to salt spray demonstrated a significant difference in the corrosion behavior of the joints when the AA2024-T3 is treated with LDH loaded with nitrate and vanadate *** LDH intercalated with nitrate revealed a clear improvement in the mechanical and corrosion resistance performance of the joints,even after 6 weeks of salt ***,the LDH intercalated with vanadate failed in providing protection against corrosion as well as preserving the mechanical properties of the *** effect of the galvanic corrosion was further investigated by zero resistance ammeter(ZRA)measurements as well as localized scanning vibrating electrode technique(SVET).

关键词： Friction spot joining Layered double hydroxide Galvanic couple Corrosion protection Adhesion

Effect of Ce-base mischmetal addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled ZK60 alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第3期9卷 995-1006页

作者： E.P.Silva R.H.Buzolin F.Marques F.Soldera U.Alfaro H.C.Pinto Institute of Engineering Science and Technology(IECT)Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri(UFVJM)JanaúbaMGBrazil São Carlos School of Engineering(EESC) University of São Paulo(USP)Department of Materials EngineeringCEP 13563-120 São Carlos-SPBrazil Christian Doppler Laboratory for Design of high-performance alloys by thermomechanical processing Kopernikusgasse 24/I8010 GrazAustria Technische Universität graz(tu graz) Institute of Materials ScienceJoining and FormingKopernikusgasse 24/I8010 GrazAustria Institute of Functional Materials Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSaarland UniversitySaarbrueckenGermany German Aerospace Center(DLR)Institute of Materials Research Linder Höhe51147 CologneGermany

Mg-Zn-Zr(ZK)alloys exhibit notably high mechanical strength amongst all magnesium alloy ***,due to the formation of low melting point Mg_3Zn_7-precipitates,these alloys are susceptible to hot cracking,thus compromising their metallurgical *** addition of rare earths to ZK alloys is an alternative to form higher melting point intermetallic compounds,speed up dynamic recrystallization,refine grain size,enhance corrosion resistance and extend the service temperature due to improved creep *** work deals with the effect of Ce-base mischmetal addition on the hot rolling behaviour of as-cast ZK60 *** microstructure investigation conducted using electron microscopy and X-Ray diffraction shows that precipitation of Mg_(7)Zn_(3) intermetallics occur during hot rolling,whereas no further precipitation is observed for the ZK60-Mm *** fragmentation of the intermetallic compounds occur during hot rolling and finer particles of Mg_(7)Zn_(3) are observed for the ZK60,whereas Mg_(7)Zn_(3) and Mg Zn_(2) Ce intermetallics are formed in the alloy modified with mischmetal addition.A higher fraction of dynamically recrystallized grains is observed for the ZK60-Mm in comparison to the *** recrystallization takes place in ZK60 with the formation of sub-grains near to the intermetallics and the addition of mischmetal promotes the occurrence of discontinuous recrystallization with the nucleation of new grains close to the *** mechanical strength and,in particular,the ductility of the hot-rolled alloys are notably improved when compared to the same alloys in the as-cast *** mechanical strength is,however,higher for the ZK60 *** solid solution strengthening,softer Mg Zn_(2) Ce intermetallics and more extensive recrystallization contribute to reduce the mechanical strength of *** in both alloys are initiated at coarse intermetallics and propagate through intermetallic-rich regions.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Hot rolling Mischmetal Recrystallization Microstructure Mechanical properties

Non-destructive microstructural analysis by electrical conductivity:Comparison with hardness measurements in different materials

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第3期35卷 360-368页

作者： Gon?alo L.Sorger J.P.Oliveira Patrick L.Inácio Norbert Enzinger Pedro Vila? R.M.Miranda Telmo G.Santos Department of Engineering Design and Production School of Engineering Aalto University Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State University UNIDEMI Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica e Industrial Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade Nova de Lisboa IMAT-Institute of Materials Science Joining and FormingTU Graz

The use of non-destructive evaluation(NDE) techniques for assessing microstructural changes in processed materials is of particular importance as it can be used to assess, qualitatively, the integrity of any material/structure. Among the several NDE techniques available, electrical conductivity measurements using eddy currents attract great attention owing to its simplicity and reliability. In this work, the electrical conductivity profiles of friction stir processed Ti6Al4 V, Cu, Pb, S355 steel and gas tungsten arc welded AISI 304 stainless steel were determined through eddy currents and four-point probe. In parallel, hardness measurements were also performed. The profiles matched well with the optical macrographs of the materials: while entering in the processed region a variation in both profiles was always observed. One particular advantage of electrical conductivity profiles over hardness was evident: it provides a better resolution of the microstructural alterations in the processed materials. Moreover, when thermomechanical processing induces microstructural changes that modify the magnetic properties of a material,eddy currents testing can be used to qualitatively determine the phase fraction in a given region of the material. A qualitative relation between electrical conductivity measurements and hardness is observed.

关键词： Non-destructive evaluation techniques Electrical conductivity Hardness Friction stir processing Gas tungsten arc welding