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Anodic dissolution of metals in ionic liquids

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2015年第6期25卷 595-602页

作者： Andrew P.Abbott Gero Frisch Jennifer Hartley Wrya O.Karim Karl S.Ryder Chemistry Department University of Leicester tu Bergakademie Freiberg Institut fu?r Anorganische Chemie

The anodic dissolution of metals is an important topic for battery design,material finishing and metal *** liquids are being used in all of these areas but the research on the anodic dissolution is relatively few in these *** study investigates the behaviour of 9 metals in an ionic liquid [C;mim][Cl] and a deep eutectic solvent,Ethaline,which is a 1:2 mol ratio mixture of choline chloride and ethylene *** is shown that for the majority of metals studied a quasi-passivation of the metal surface occurs,primarily due to the formation of insoluble films on the electrode *** behaviour of most metals is different in [C;mim][Cl] to that in Ethaline due in part to the differences in *** formation of passivating salt films can be decreased with stirring or by increasing the electrolyte temperature,thereby increasing ligand transport to the electrode surface.

关键词： Ionic liquid Deep eutectic solvent Speciation Electropolishing Passivation

Segregation of particulate solids: Experiments and DEM simulations

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Particuology 2014年第1期12卷 25-32页

作者： M.Combarros H.J.Feise H.Zetzener A.Kwade Institut für Partikeltechnik TU BraunschweigBraunschweig Germany BASF SE Ludwigshafen Germany

Segregation of granular materials is a complex phenomenon, difficult to measure quantitatively and to predict. Discrete element method （DEM） can be a useful tool to predict segregation effects and to support the industrial design. In this context, a very challenging idea is the characterization of the granular solids to provide the key parameters needed for a successful DEM simulation of segregation processes. Rolling friction, sliding friction and the coefficient of restitution are the critical parameters to be studied. These microscopic simulation parameters are calibrated by comparing the macroscopic behavior of granular matter in standard bulk experiments, which have the advantage of being highly repeatable and reliable. An experimental method is presented to characterize free surface segregation. The effects of different particle properties, particularly, shape and size, on segregation of cohesionless materials were investi- gated. From the experiments, particle size demonstrated a stronger effect on segregation than particle shape. Finally, the corresponding DEM simulations of the segregation experiments were presented. The parameters obtained by calibration were validated by the comparison of the modeled segregation behav- ior with the experimental results. Thus, calibrated DEM simulations are capable of predicting segregation effects.

关键词： Bulk solidsParticle shapeSegregationDEMDiscrete element methodSilo

Influence of PVD-duplex-treated, Bionic Surface Structures on the Wetting Behavior for Sheet-Bulk Metal Forming Tools

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2017年第3期14卷 520-531页

作者： Wolfgang Tiilmann Dominic Stangier Nelson Filipe Lopes Dias Institute of Materials Engineering TU Dortmund 44227 Dortmund Germany Leonhard-Euler-Strafle 2

Bionic surface structures, inspired by the flora, were developed for Sheet-Bulk Metal Forming （SBMF） in order to locally control the friction condition by adjusting the wetting behavior. Five bionic structures were micromilled on ASP 2023 in annealed as well as hardened and tempered conditions. Subsequently, the structured surfaces were plasma-nitrided and coated with a CrA1N thin film. The influence of the treatment method on the structural geometry was investigated with the aid of a scanning electron microscope and 3D-profilometer. The wetting behaviors of water and deep drawing oil （Berufluid ST6007） on bionic surfaces were evaluated using contact angle measurements. The resulting micro-milled structures exhibit an almost identical shape as their bionic models. However, the roughness of the structured surfaces is influenced by the microstructure. The combination of plasma-nitriding and Physical Vapor Deposition （PVD） leads to an increase in roughness. All bionic struc- tures possess higher contact angles than that of the unstructured surfaces when wetted by water. This can be explained by the fact that the structural elevations block the spreading. When the bionic surfaces are wetted by deep drawing oil, the lubricant spreads in the structural cavities, leading to smaller contact angles. Furthermore, the anisotropy of the structure has an influence on the wetting behavior.

关键词： bionic structures sheet-bulk metal forming CrA1N PVD-duplex treatment wetting behavior

Interactive morphologies： An investigation into integrated nodal networks and embedded computation processes for developing real：time responsive spatial systems

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2012年第3期1卷 259-271页

作者： Nimish Biloria Hyperbody Faculty of Architecture TU Delft The Netherlands

The design-research illustrated in this research article focus on the emerging field of interactive architecture focusing on developing real-time information exchanging architectural bodies. These interactive bodies demonstrate a fusion between the material, the electronic and the digital domains. This fusion is explicitly attained through a synergistic merger between the fields of ambient sensing, control systems, ubiquitous computing, architectural design, pneumatic systems and computation. The resultant spatial bodies are thus visualised as complex adaptive systems, continually engaged in activities of data-exchange resulting in physical and ambient adaptations of their constituting components in response to contextual variations. Interdependent nodal networks, where every node/junction of a spatial prototype becomes a potential information hub by means of its ability to collect, process and communicate contextual data apart from working as an actuated detail owing to its ability to kinetically re-position itself in three-dimensional space is thus a critical outcome of this inter-disciplinary way of working. A strategy apt for binding material logistics with the digital to materialize dynamic spatial behaviours owing to real time data exchange between the prototypes and their context is thus embarked upon via three research and design projects, namely： Electronic Media Augmented Spatial Skins, The InteractiveWall and the Muscle Re-configured.

关键词： Real-time interaction Sensing andactuation Performance Adaptation Emergence

Applying ionic liquids as oil additives for gearboxes:Going beyond the state of the art by bridging the nano-scale and component level

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Friction 2023年第6期11卷 1057-1078页

作者： Azhaarudeen ANIFA MOHAMED FARUCK Philipp G.GRÜTZMACHER Chia-Jui HSU Dominik DWORSCHAK Hsiu-Wei CHENG Markus VALTINER Kristof STAGEL Philipp MIKSOVSKY Apurba Ranjan SAHOO Aitor SAINZ MARTINEZ Katharina BICA-SCHRODER Michael WEIGAND Carsten GACHOT Institut für Konstruktionswissenschaften und Produktentwicklung(IKP) Tribology Research DivisionTU WienVienna1060Austria Institut für Angewandte Physik(IAP) Applied Interface Physics research groupTU WienVienna1040Austria Institut für Angewandte Synthesechemie(IAS) Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis research groupTU WienVienna1060Austria

Ionic liquids(ILs)have been used effectively in many applications for reducing problems related to friction and *** this work,the potential of ILs as an anti-wear and extreme pressure lubricant additive for high load-carrying gearbox applications such as helicopter transmissions has been *** halide-free ILs:P_(8881)(BuO)_(2)PO_(2)^(-)(1)and P_(8881)(MeO)_(2)PO_(2)^(-)(2),which are blended at 5 wt%each into a standard non-additivated FVA2 base oil(BO)are *** solid-liquid interface,friction and load-carrying capacity,and wear(scuffing)behavior are studied on the nano-,lab-,and component-scale,respectively,at a different range of temperature and loading conditions by using the atomic force microscopy(AFM),Schwing-Reib-Verschleiβ(SRV)friction tests,and Brugger tests,as well as forschungsstelle für zahnrader und getriebebau(FZG)back-to-back gear test *** AFM analysis shows nearly no change of adhesion over the full range of studied temperature for the IL blends compared to the ***,IL blends demonstrate a very stable coefficient of friction(COF)of around 0.16,which even decreases with increasing test temperatures ranging from 40 to 120℃.A clear reduction in COF up to 25%is achieved by adding only 5 wt%of the investigated Ils in the BO,and the Brugger tests also show a pronounced enhancement of load-carrying ***,on the component-scale,a significant improvement in gear scuffing performance has been observed for both used IL blends.A detailed characterization of the wear tracks from the SRV friction tests via the transmission electron microscopy(TEM)revealed the formation of a phosphate(P-O)-based amorphous tribo-chemical layer of about 20 nm ***,this work may present an approach for Ils to be used as an additive in conventional lubricants due to their ability to enhance the lubrication properties,making them an alternative lubricant solution for high load-carrying gearbox applications.

关键词： ionic liquids(ILs) additives gears scuffing friction load-carrying capacity

A multi-transition molecular line study of infrared dark cloud G331.71+00.59

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2013年第1期13卷 28-38页

作者： Nai-Ping Yu Jun-Jie Wang National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences NAOC-tu Joint Center for Astrophysics

Using archive data from the Millimeter Astronomy Legacy Team Survey at 90 GHz （MALT90）, carried out using the Mopra 22-m telescope, we made the first multi-transition molecular line study of infrared dark cloud （IRDC） MSXDC G331.71＋00.59. Two molecular cores were found embedded in this IRDC. Each of these cores is associated with a known extended green object （EGO）, indicating places of massive star formation. The HCO＋（1-0） and HNC （1-0） transitions show promi- nent blue or red asymmetric structures, suggesting outflow and inflow activities of young stellar objects （YSOs）. Other detected molecular lines include H13CO＋（1- 0）, C2H （1-0）, HC3N （10-9）, HNCO（40,4-30,3） and SiO （2-1）, which are typical of hot cores and outflows. We regard the two EGOs as evolving from the IRDC to hot cores. Using public GLIMPS data, we investigate the spectral energy distribution of EGO G331.71＋0.60. Our results support this EGO being a massive YSO driving the outflow. G331.71＋0.58 may be at an earlier evolutionary stage.

关键词： stars: formation -- ISM: outflows -- ISM: molecules

Molecular outflows and gas rotation associated with G20.08–0.14N

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2013年第11期13卷 1295-1306页

作者： Nai-Ping Yu Jun-Jie Wang National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences NAOC-tu Joint Center for Astrophysics

We present the results of a high-resolution study with the Submillimeter Array （SMA） toward the massive star-forming complex G20.08-0.14N. With the SMA data, we have detected and analyzed the transitions in the 12CO （3-2） and 12CO （2-1） molecular lines as well as CHaCN. The millimeter observations reveal highly collimated bipolar molecular outflows, traced by high-velocity 12CO （2-1） and 12CO （3-2） emissions. Using a rotation temperature diagram, we derive that the rota- tional temperature and the column density of CHaCN are 244 K and 1.2 ~ 1015 cm-2, respectively. We also suggest that the minor outflow is probably driven by the hy- percompact （HC） HII region A that is inside. We find the molecular gas （traced by ClrO, SO, CH3OH and SO2） surrounding G20.08-0.14N appears to be undergoing bulk rotation. The HCHII region A that is inside is most probably the main source of accretion and heating for G20.08-0.14N.

关键词： ISM: individual objects (G20.08-0.14N) -- ISM: molecules -- radiolines: ISM -- stars: formation-- ISM: kinematics and dynamics

Mechanical behavior of advanced nano-laminates embedded with carbon nanotubes-a review

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2010年第2期1卷 136-171页

作者： G.Zhou G.Xie X.Bao Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughLE113TUUK Department of Materials Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughLE113TUUK

Embedding carbon nanotubes(CNTs)in load-bearing composite laminate hosts to turn them into nano-laminates is a rapidly emerging field and has tremendous potential in enhancing the mechanical performance of the host *** state-of-the-art review intends to provide a physical insight into the understanding of the enhancing mechanisms of the processed and controlled CNTs in the *** focuses on four aspects:(1)physical characteristics of CNTs,including CNT length,diameter,weight percentage and surface functionalization;(2)processing and control techniques of CNTs in the fabrication of nano-laminates,including distribution,dispersion and orientation controls of CNTs;(3)mechanical properties along with their testing methods,including tension,in-plane compression,in-plane and interlaminar shear(ILS),flexure,mode I and mode II fracture toughness as well as compression-after-impact(CAI),ballistic protection and fatigue;and(4)CNT-matrix load transfer and enhancing mechanisms along with a few major governing *** selective and uniform production of CNTs with specific dimensions and physical properties has yet to be achieved on a consistent ***,the processing details of CNTs vary very significantly among different researchers so that the processed CNTs share little common *** is little control over the CNT orientations in most fabrication processes of the nano-laminates except for some cases associated with chemical vapor deposition(CVD).There are only two reports on in-plane compression and there is only one on in-plane *** reinforcement-dominated mechanical properties such as longitudinal tension and flexure,there was little enhancement ***,the substantial enhancement in in-plane compression strength was also *** matrix-dominated mechanical properties,such as transverse tension,in-plane shear,ILS strength and mode I and mode II fracture toughness,a significant enhancement,albeit with substan

关键词： carbon nanotube(CNT) nano-laminate mechanical properties

^(12)CO J=2-1 and^(12)CO J=3-2 observations toward the high-mass protostellar candidate IRAS 20188+3928

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2013年第1期13卷 39-46页

作者： Jin-Long Xu Jun-Jie Wang National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences NAOC-tu Joint Center for Astrophysics

We have carried out observations of 12CO J=2-1 and 12CO J=3-2 to- ward the high-mass protostellar candidate IRAS 20188＋3928. Compared with previ- ous observations, the 12CO J=2-1 and 12CO J=3-2 lines both have asymmetric pro- files with an absorption dip. The velocity of the absorption dip is ~ 1.0 km s-1. The spectral shape may be caused by rotation. The velocity-integrated intensity map and position-velocity diagram of the 12CO J=2-1 line present an obvious bipolar com- ponent, further verifying that this region has an outflow motion. This region is also associated with an HII region, an IRAS source, and an H20 maser. The H20 maser has the velocity of 1.1 km s-1. Compared with the components of the outflow, we find that the H20 maser is not associated with the outflow. Using the large velocity gradi- ent model, we concluded that possible averaged gas densities of the blueshifted lobe and redshifted lobe are 1.0x 105 cm-3 and 2.0x 104 cm-a, while kinetic temperatures are 26.9 K and 52.9 K, respectively. Additionally, the outflow has a higher integrated intensity ratio （Ico J=3 - 2/Ico J=2 - 1）.

关键词： ISM: individual (IRAS 20188+3928) -- ISM: kinematics and dynamics-- ISM: molecules -- stars: formation