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燃料添加剂对柴油机烟粒燃烧的影响

华东化工学院学报 1993年第1期19卷 88-93页

作者：马建新 Ulrich Hoffmann 华东化工学院工业催化研究所 Institut für Chemische Verfahrenstechnik TU Clausthal FRG

考察了燃料添加剂对降低柴油机烟粒燃点温度的效应。含金属添加剂的柴油机烟粒被收集在金属纤维过滤器上,把原状烟粒样品移入实验室反应器,用模拟柴油机排气进行燃烧试验。实验结果表明,当烟粒中含有Pd或Cu时,烟粒的燃点温度可降至430... 详细信息

考察了燃料添加剂对降低柴油机烟粒燃点温度的效应。含金属添加剂的柴油机烟粒被收集在金属纤维过滤器上,把原状烟粒样品移入实验室反应器,用模拟柴油机排气进行燃烧试验。实验结果表明,当烟粒中含有Pd或Cu时,烟粒的燃点温度可降至430℃左右(普通柴油机烟粒的燃点温度约600℃);Pd的添加还可大大降低烟粒一次燃烧产物中CO的分率。文中还对金属(催化剂)/烟粒接触程度和添加剂溶液中可燃性部分对烟粒燃烧的影响作了讨论。

关键词：烟灰燃烧添加剂柴油机大气污染

Primary parasitoids of red scale （Aonidiella aurantii） in Australia and a review of their introductions from Asia

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Insect Science 2017年第1期24卷 150-168页

作者： Hang T. Dao G. Andrew C. Beattie Robert Spooner-Hart Markus Riegler Paul Holford University of Western Sydney Penrith NSW 2751 Australia Plant Protection Research Institute Chem Tu Liem Hanoi Vietnam

We used morphological and molecular differences to confirm the identities of red scale （Aonidiella aurantii） and yellow scale （A. citrina）, and their primary parasitoids, in Australia. An extension to the distribution of yellow scale was confirmed. Six primary parasitoids of red scale were identified： Aphytis chrysomphali, A. lingnanensis, A. melinus, Comperiella bifasciata, Encarsia citrina, and E. perniciosi. With the exception of A. lingnanensis, these parasitoids, and a species of Aphelinus, were detected in association with red scale during studies in citrus orchards in coastal New South Wales between 2009 and 2012. Two races ofA. melinus were recorded： one from the Indian Subcontinent, the other previously only recorded in China. The studies, and reviews of historical records, led us to conclude that 4 parasitoids, A. lingnanensis, C. bifasciata, and both species of Encarsia, were present in Australia before successful or unsuccessful formal introductions between 1902 and 1970. The A. melinus race previously recorded in China may also have been present before the Indian Subcontinent race was formally introduced in 1961. We suggest the possibility that the natural distribution of some of the parasitoids may include East and Southeast Asia, and parts of Australasia. We found no reports of native armored scales being recorded on species and hybrids of Citrus introduced to Australia, and no reports of introduced armored scales being recorded on native Rutaceae, including 6 species of Citrus. However, we subsequently recorded yellow scale on Geijera parviflora, a native rutaceous tree.

关键词： Aonidiella Aphytis citrus Comperiella Encarsia red scale

In vitro investigation of cellular effects of magnesium and magnesium-calcium alloy corrosion products on skeletal muscle regeneration

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第11期35卷 2503-2512页

作者： Diana Maradze Andrew Capel Neil Martin Mark PLewis Yufeng Zheng Yang Liu Centre of Biological Engineering Wolfson School of MechanicalElectrical and Manufacturing EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireLE113TUUK School of Sport Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireLE113TUUK Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Biodegradable magnesium(Mg)has garnered attention for its use in orthopaedic implants due to mechanical properties that closely match to those of *** have been undertaken to understand the corrosion behaviour of these materials and their effects on bone forming ***,there is lack of research on how the corrosion of these biomaterials affect surrounding tissues such as skeletal *** plays an important role in the structural and functional properties of skeletal *** is therefore important to investigate the response of skeletal muscle cells to both soluble(Mg ions)and insoluble(corrosion granules)corrosion *** in vitro studies it is possible to observe the effects of corrosion products on myotube formation by the fusion of single muscle precursor cells known as *** achieve this goal,it is important to determine if these corrosion products are toxic to *** it was noted that although there was a slight decrement in cellular viability after initial exposure,this soon recovered to control levels.A high Ca/Mg ratio resulted in the formation of large myotubes and a low Ca/Mg ratio negatively affected myotube ***^2+and Ca^2+ions are important in the process of myogenesis,and the concentration of these ions and the ratio of the ions to each other played a significant role in myotube cellular *** outcomes of this study could pave the way to a bio-informed and integrated approach to the design and engineering of Mg-based orthopaedic implants.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Corrosion Biocompatibility Muscle Cellular response In vitro

Synthetic demand data generation for individual electricity consumers :Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2022年第3期9卷 37-50页

作者： Bilgi Yilmaz Ralf Korn tu Kaiserslautern KaiserslauternGermany Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University KahramanmarasTurkey Fraunhofer ITWM KaiserslauternGermany

Load modeling is one of the crucial tasks for improving smart grids’ energy efficiency. Among manyalternatives, machine learning-based load models have become popular in applications and have shownoutstanding performance in recent years. The performance of these models highly relies on data quality andquantity available for training. However, gathering a sufficient amount of high-quality data is time-consumingand extremely expensive. In the last decade, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have demonstrated theirpotential to solve the data shortage problem by generating synthetic data by learning from recorded/empiricaldata. Educated synthetic datasets can reduce prediction error of electricity consumption when combined withempirical data. Further, they can be used to enhance risk management calculations. Therefore, we proposeRCGAN, TimeGAN, CWGAN, and RCWGAN which take individual electricity consumption data as input toprovide synthetic data in this study. Our work focuses on one dimensional times series, and numericalexperiments on an empirical dataset show that GANs are indeed able to generate synthetic data with realisticappearance.

关键词： Electricity consumption Generative adversarial networks Synthetic data generation Unsupervised learning RCGAN TimeGAN CWGAN RCWGAN

An investigation into intermittent electrification strategies and an analysis of resulting CO_(2) emissions using a high-fidelity train model

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Railway Engineering Science 2021年第3期29卷 314-326页

作者： Bilal M.Abdurahman Tim Harrison Christopher P.Ward William J.B.Midgley Wolfson School of Mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughborough LE113TUUK

A near-term strategy to reduce emissions from rail vehicles,as a path to full electrification for maximal decarbonisation,is to partially electrify a route,with the remainder of the route requiring an additional self-powered traction *** rail vehicles are usually powered by a diesel engine when not operating on electrified track and are referred to as bi-mode *** paper analyses the benefits of discontinuous electrification compared to continuous electrification using the CO_(2)estimates from a validated high-fidelity bi-mode(diesel-electric)rail vehicle *** analysis shows that 50%discontinuous electrification provides a maximum of 54%reduction in operational CO_(2)emissions when compared to the same length of continuously electrified *** highest emissions savings occurred when leaving train stations where vehicles must accelerate quickly to line *** results were used to develop a linear regression model for fast estimation of CO_(2)emissions from diesel running and electrification *** model was able to estimate the CO_(2)emissions from a route to within 10%of that given by the high-fidelity ***,additional considerations such as cost and the embodied CO_(2)in electrification infrastructure were analysed to provide a comparison between continuous and discontinuous *** electrification can cost up to 56%less per reduction in lifetime emissions than continuous electrification and can save up to 2.3 times more lifetime CO_(2)per distance electrified.

关键词： Railway electrification CO_(2)reduction Discontinuous electrification Bi-mode rail vehicle

A multiwavelength study of the star forming HⅡ region Sh2-82

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第6期12卷 651-660页

作者： Nai-Ping Yu Jun-Jie Wang National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China NAOC-tu Joint Center for Astrophysics Lhasa 850000 China

Based on a multiwavelength study, the interstellar medium and young stel- lar objects （YSOs） around the H II region Sh2-82 have been analyzed. Two molecular clumps were found from the archival data of the Galactic Ring Survey, and using the Two Micron All-Sky Survey catalog, we found two corresponding young clusters embedded in the molecular clumps. The very good relations between CO emission, infrared shells and YSOs suggest that it is probably a triggered star formation region from the expansion of Sh2-82. We further used the data from the Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire from Spitzer to study the YSOs within the two clumps, confirming star formation in this region. By spectral energy distribution fits to each YSO candidate with infrared excess, we derived the slope of the initial mass function. Finally, comparing the H II region＇s dynamical age and the fragmenta- tion time of the molecular shell, we discard the ＂collect and collapse＂ process as being the triggering mechanism for YSO formation. Sh2-82 can be a mixture of other pro- cesses such as radiative-driven implosion and/or collisions with pre-existing clumps.

关键词： ISM: clouds -- nebulae: HII region -- individual: Sh2-82 -- stars:formation

Multi-wavelength study of triggered star formation around 25 H II regions

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2014年第1期14卷 47-65页

作者： Jin-Long Xu Jun-Jie Wang Chang-Chun Ning Chuan-Peng Zhang National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences NAOC-tu Joint Center for Astrophysics Tibet University University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

We investigate 25 H II regions that show bubble morphology in 13CO（1-0） and infrared data, to search for quantitative evidence of triggered star formation by processes described by the collect and collapse （CC） and radiatively driven implosion （RDI） models. These H II regions display the morphology of a complete or partial bubble at 8 μm, and are all associated with the molecular clouds that surround them. We found that the electron temperature ranges from 5627 K to 6839 K in these H II regions, and the average electron temperature is 6083 K. The age of these H II regions is from 3.0× 10^5 yr to 1.7 × 10^6 yr, and the mean age is 7.7 × 10^5 yr. Based on the mor- phology of the associated molecular clouds, we divide these H II regions into three groups, which may support CC and RDI models. We select 23 young IRAS sources which have an infrared luminosity of 〉 10^3 Lo in 19 H II regions. In addition, we iden- tify some young stellar objects （including Class I sources）, which are only concen- trated in H II regions G29.007＋0.076, G44.339-0.827 and G47.028＋0.232. The poly- cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions of the three H II regions all show a cometary globule. Comparing the age of each H II region with the characteristic timescales for star formation, we suggest that the three H II regions can trigger clustered star forma- tion by an RDI process. In addition, we detect seven molecular outflows in the five H II regions for the first time. These outflow sources may be triggered by the corresponding H II regions.

关键词： H II regions -- ISM: bubbles -- stars: formation -- stars: protostars

HNCO： a molecule that traces low-velocity shocks

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2018年第2期18卷 19-36页

作者： Nai-Ping Yu Jing-Long Xu Jun-Jie Wang National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China NAOC-tu Joint Center for Astrophysics Lhasa 850000 China

Using data from Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team Survey at 90 GHz （MALT90）, we present a molecular line study of a sample of APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy （ATLASGAL） clumps. Twelve emission lines have been detected in all. We found that in most sources, emissions of HC3N, HN13C, CH3CN, HNCO and SiO show more compact distributions than those of HCO＋, HNC, HCN and N2H＋. By comparing with other molecular lines, we found that the abun- dance of HNCO （x（HNCO）） correlates well with other species such as HC3N, HNC, C2H, H13CO＋ and N2H＋. Previous studies indicate the HNCO abundance could be enhanced by shocks. However, in this study, we find the abundance of HNCO does not correlate well with that of SiO, which is also a good tracer of shocks. We suggest this may be because HNCO and SiO trace different parts of shocks. Our analysis indicates that the velocity of a shock traced by HNCO tends to be lower than that traced by SiO. In the low-velocity shocks traced by HNCO, the HNCO abundance increases faster than that of SiO. While in the relatively high-velocity shocks traced by SiO, the SiO abundance increases faster than that of HNCO. We suggest that in the infrared dark cloud MSXDC G331.71＋00.59, high-velocity shocks are destroying the molecule HNCO.

关键词： stars: formation- ISM: abundances- ISM: clouds- ISM: molecules

Electrolytic cell engineering and device optimization for electrosynthesis of e-biofuels via co-valorisation of bio-feedstocks and captured CO_(2)

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021年第1期15卷 208-219页

作者： Faraz Montazersadgh Hao Zhang Anas Alkayal Benjamin Buckley Ben W.Kolosz Bing Xu Jin Xuan Department of Chemical Engineering Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughLE113TUUK Department of Chemistry Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughLE113TUUK Department of Chemical Engineering Worcester Polytechnic InstituteWorcesterMA 01609-2280USA Department of Accountancy Economics and FinanceHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH144ASUK

Utilizing CO_(2) in an electro-chemical process and synthesizing value-added chemicals are amongst the few viable and scalable pathways in carbon capture and utilization ***_(2) electro-reduction is also counted as one of the main options entailing less fossil fuel consumption and as a future electrical energy storage *** current study aims at developing a new electrochemical platform to produce low-carbon e-biofuel through multifunctional electrosynthesis and integrated co-valorisation of biomass feedstocks with captured CO_(2).In this approach,CO_(2) is reduced at the cathode to produce drop-in fuels(e.g.,methanol)while value-added chemicals(e.g.,selective oxidation of alcohols,aldehydes,carboxylic acids and amines/amides)are produced at the *** this work,a numerical model of a continuous-flow design considering various anodic and cathodic reactions was built to determine the most techno-economically feasible configurations from the aspects of energy efficiency,environment impact and economical *** reactor design was then optimized via parametric analysis.

关键词： electrosynthesis e-biofuels CO_(2)utilization computational model