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Sludge composition and characteristics shaped microbial community and further determined process performance: A study on full-scale thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digestion processes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 96-107页

作者： Wei Liu Chenxiang Sun Wei Li Tianle Li Zhan Chen Jiawei Wang Zhengran Ren Xianghua Wen School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Jinneng Holding group DatongShanxi 037000China research and Development Center Beijing Drainage Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100124China Beijing Dabeinong Science and Technology group Co. Ltd.Beijing 100080China

Anaerobic digestion (AD) with thermal hydrolysis (TH) pretreatment is a promising process for excess sludge treatment,while there lacks of the knowledge from full-scale process about the impact of sludge composition and characteristics on microbial community and performance.The sludge physiochemical indices,microbial community and performance data of four full-scale TH-AD plants were characterized,and their relationships was elucidated.The four plants were operated under almost similar total organic loading rate (OLR)but their methanogenesis performance differentiate into two groups,namely superior group(SupG) and the inferior group (Inf G).In both groups,TH effectively solubilized particulate organic compounds,meanwhile raised the ammonia nitrogen (NH_(4)^(+)-N) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration.Compared with the Sup G,thermal hydrolyzed sludge of Inf G had higher level of VFAs,NH_(4)^(+)-N and total chemical oxygen demand (t COD),which showed higher inhibition effect on microbes,leading to a community with lower diversity,lower abundance of carbohydrate degrading functional guild,higher protein degrading one,and methanogens that adapted to limited substrates,and further declined the methane production rate.Thus,it was recommended that OLR alone was not sufficient for controlling the system in design and operation,the concentration of VFAs,NH_(4)^(+)-N and t COD should be equally considered.Their higher concentration,together with the higher abundance of Defluviitoga and Proteiniphilum were recommended as indicators for inferior running condition.Our results proposed that microbial communities played a role of bridge between environmental factors and performance,provided implications for engineering ecology and operational regulation for full-scale sludge TH-AD process.

关键词： Thermal hydrolysis Anaerobic digestion Microbial community Full-scale

Evolution of biomass particles during pelletization process

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Particuology 2024年第3期86卷 182-187页

作者： Hamid Rezaei Maryam Tajilrou Jun Sian Lee Kanages Singaraveloo Anthony Lau Shahab Sokhansanj Biomass and Bioenergy research group Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada

Pulverizing is an essential unit operation in co-firing biomass with coal.Pulverizers are only compatible with pellet forms of fibrous biomass materials and crush them down to their original forming particle sizes.That is why the data on the size distribution of the particles forming a biomass pellet is crucial to achieving optimum combustion conditions.The current study determines the internal particle size distribution of pellets after wet disintegration,following Iso 17830 standard,and aims to suggest improvements to the mentioned standard based on new measured evidence.Experiments were carried out on white wood pellets(no bark)and brown wood pellets containing bark at four water temperatures:20,40,60,and 95℃,with or without stirring.The particle size distribution of the pre-pelletizer wood particles was also measured and compared with particles in the formed pellets.Ambient water temperature of 20℃ was found to be adequate for the complete disintegration of pellets,and no mechanical stirring was required.About 30% of particles in the disintegrated pellets were 0.5-1.0 mm.Pelletization changes the particle size distribution to smaller particles.The disintegrated bark pellets contained more fines than white pellets.

关键词： Wood pellets Particle sizes distribution Wet disintegration Stirring Water temperature

Dietary supplementation of zinc oxide modulates intestinal functionality during the post-weaning period in clinically healthy piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 313-328页

作者： Dirkjan Schokker Soumya K.Kar Els Willems Alex Bossers Ruud A.Dekker Alfons J.M.Jansman Wageningen Bioveterinary research LelystadThe Netherlands Wageningen Livestock research Wageningen University&ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands Royal Agrifirm group ApeldoornThe Netherlands Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands

Background To improve our understanding of host and intestinal microbiome interaction,this research investigated the effects of a high-level zinc oxide in the diet as model intervention on the intestinal microbiome and small intestinal functionality in clinically healthy post-weaning piglets.In study 1,piglets received either a high concentration of zinc(Zn)as zinc oxide(Zn O,Zn,2,690 mg/kg)or a low Zn concentration(100 mg/kg)in the diet during the post weaning period(d 14–23).The effects on the piglet's small intestinal microbiome and functionality of intestinal tissue were investigated.In study 2,the impact of timing of the dietary zinc intervention was investigated,i.e.,between d 0–14 and/or d 14–23 post weaning,and the consecutive effects on the piglet's intestinal functionality,here referring to microbiota composition and diversity and gene expression profiles.Results Differences in the small intestinal functionality were observed during the post weaning period between piglets receiving a diet with a low or high concentration Zn O content.A shift in the microbiota composition in the small intestine was observed that could be characterized as a non-pathological change,where mainly the commensals inter-changed.In the immediate post weaning period,i.e.,d 0–14,the highest number of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in intestinal tissue were observed between animals receiving a diet with a low or high concentration Zn O content,i.e.,23 DEGs in jejunal tissue and 11 DEGs in ileal tissue.These genes are involved in biological processes related to immunity and inflammatory responses.For example,genes CD59 and REG3G were downregulated in the animals receiving a diet with a high concentration Zn O content compared to low Zn O content in both jejunum and ileum tissue.In the second study,a similar result was obtained regarding the expression of genes in intestinal tissue related to immune pathways when comparing piglets receiving a diet with a high concentration Zn O content compared to low Zn O content.Conclusions Su

关键词： Immune system Intestinal functionality Microbiota Piglets Zinc oxide

Study on tungsten sintering temperature field based on electromagnetic simulation and computational fluid dynamics

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Tungsten 2024年第2期6卷 355-366页

作者： Lu-Yan Wang Yue-Guang Yu Jian-Xin Dong Kai-Ping Du Shan-Yu Liu Cao-Bing Li University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083China BGRIMM Technology group Beijing 100160China China Iron&Steel research Institute group Beijing 100081China

In order to study the influence of various sintering variables more intuitively and clearly,electromagnetic field analysis and computational fl uid dynamics are used to analyze the infl uence of gas flow,heating power and other process parameters on the temperature range of medium-frequency sintering in this paper.The results indicate that the uniformity of temperature fi eld is determined by the gas flow rate and heating power.When the heating power is 50 kW,the stable temperature drops about 10 K for every 1 m^(3)·h^(−1)increase of hydrogen flow.The peak value of the maximum temperature diff erence on the tungsten rods gradually increases with the increase of the hydrogen flow rate,and it appears slightly later.The temperature distribution of tungsten rods in furnace is similar with diff erent hydrogen flow rate.At the same time,the closer to the furnace wall,the higher the temperature of the tungsten rod.The temperature diff erence between tungsten rods mainly occurred within 1 h after the beginning of heating.Increasing the heating power can improve the stable temperature,but has little eff ect on the heating time.Increasing heating power can increase the peak value of the maximum temperature diff erence on the tungsten rods,but has little eff ect on the occurrence time of the peak value of the maximum temperature diff erence on the tungsten rods.Increasing the heating power will increase the temperature diff erence of a single tungsten rod,but the temperature diff erence of a single tungsten rod never exceeds 65 K.This study can be used to guide the process optimization design.Combined with numerical simulation calculation,the sintering parameters with low energy consumption and high temperature uniformity can be quickly and eff ectively found,thus improving the microstructure and properties of sintered tungsten products.

关键词： Tungsten products Sintering Hydrogen flow rate Heating power

Incense smoke(IS)inhalation exposure system:Physicochemical characterization,IS particle deposition and clearance in human airway using MPPD model

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Particuology 2024年第4期87卷 271-285页

作者： Vyas Kumar Hafsa Hashmi Anshita Nasreen Ghazi Ansari Jyotsna Singh Inhalation Toxicology Facility Regulatory Toxicology GroupCSR-Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchLucknow22001UPIndi Academy of Scientific and Innovative research(AcsSIR) Ghaziabad201002UPIndia Analytical Chemistry Regulatory Toxicology GroupCSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchLucknow226001UPIndia

Incense smoke(IS)is source of indoor air pollution and key risk for diverse human diseases.Less in-formation is available regarding controlled IS rodent inhalation exposure system and IS particulate matter(PM)deposition in human airways.Study aimed to demonstrate stable ISPM physicochemical parameters of 10 incense products inside the customized whole body inhalation exposure chamber(without animal)connected to smoke generation unit via aerosol mixing device.IS analyzed for size segregated PM emission,ISPM in vitro aerodynamics(MMAD and GSD determination),fine and ultrafine particle's SEM,SEM-EDX and PAH analysis.Using real life exposure scenario by utilizing MMAD,GSD and PM concentration after Tier 1 exposure assessment as key input parameters,ISPM dosimetry in infant(3 months)and adult(21 years male and female)human airways was calculated using multiple-path particle dosimetry(MPPD 3.04)modeling.Mass median aerodynamic diameter(MMAD)and geo-metric standard deviation(GSD)ranged between 0.55 and 2.10μm and 1.22 to 1.77(polydisperse)respectively.PM1.0 and PM0.1 showed multiple morphology and presence of heavy and trace elements.PAH like acenaphthylene,anthracene,fluorene,naphthalene and phenanthrene were detected(0.84-143.17μg/g).MPPD results showed higher ISPM deposition in pulmonary region and lowest in trachea bronchial region.ISPM deposition in tissue was higher in lower,peripheral lung as compared to upper and central lung tissue.Whole body inhalation exposure system showed stable IS atmosphere(physi-cochemical parameters)indicating the device suitability in future inhalation studies.MPPD ISPM deposition fraction and clearance data showed deep lung penetrating and retention behavior with higher risk in infant followed by female and then male.These modeled particle deposition and clearance data may be useful in risk assessment analysis of IS.

关键词： Inhalation Incense smoke Multiple-path particle dosimetry(MPPD) Particle deposition Particulate matter(PM) Mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) Human airway

Physiological strategies in wild rodents:immune defenses of commensal rats

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 350-370页

作者： Ivana MIRKOV Dina TUCOVIC Jelena KULAS Anastasija MALESEVIC Dragan KATARANOVSKI Milena KATARANOVSKI Aleksandra POPOV ALEKSANDROV Immunotoxicology group Department of EcologyInstitute for Biological Research“Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of SerbiaUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia

The importance of issues associated with urban/commensal rats and mice(property damage,management costs,and health risks)press upon research on these animals.While the demography of commensal rodents is mostly studied,the need for understanding factors influencing their natural morbidity/mortality is also stressed.In this respect,more attention is expected to be paid to immunity,the physiological mechanism of defense against host survival threats(pathogens,parasites,diseases).Commensal rats and mice carry numerous pathogens that evoke diverse immune responses.The state of immunity in commensal house mice is studied in great detail,owing to the use of laboratory strains in biomedical research.Because commensal rats are,compared to mice,carriers of more zoonotic agents,rats’immunity is studied mainly in that context.Some of these zoonotic agents cause chronic,asymptomatic infections,which justified studies of immunological mechanisms of pathogen tolerance versus clearance regulation in rats.Occurrence of some infections in specific tissues/organs pressed upon analysis of local/regional immune responses and/or immunopathology.A survey of immunological activity/responses in commensal rats is given in this review,with mention of existing data in commensal mice.It should throw some light on the factors relevant to their morbidity and lifespan,supplementing the knowledge of commensal rodent ecology.

关键词： commensal rats and mice immunopathology infection inflammation tolerance

Cancer cell cycle heterogeneity as a critical determinant of therapeutic resistance

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 189-204页

作者： Ebrahim H.Maleki Ahmad Reza Bahrami Maryam M.Matin Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceFerdowsi University of Mashhad*** MashhadIran Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics(JCET) Jagiellonian University31-007 KrakowPoland Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences Jagiellonian University30-348 KrakowPoland Industrial Biotechnology research group Institute of BiotechnologyFerdowsi University of Mashhad*** MashhadIran Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics research group Institute of BiotechnologyFerdowsi University of Mashhad***MashhadIran Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine research group Iranian Academic Center for EducationCulture and Research(ACECR)Khorasan Razavi Branch917751376 MashhadIran

Intra-tumor heterogeneity is now arguably one of the most-studied topics in tumor biology,as it represents a major obstacle to effective cancer treatment.Since tumor cells are highly diverse at genetic,epigenetic,and phenotypic levels,intra-tumor heterogeneity can be assumed as an important contributing factor to the nullification of chemotherapeutic effects,and recurrence of the tumor.Based on the role of heterogeneous subpopulations of cancer cells with varying cell-cycle dynamics and behavior during cancer progression and treatment;herein,we aim to establish a comprehensive definition for adaptation of neoplastic cells against therapy.We discuss two parallel and yet distinct subpopulations of tumor cells that play pivotal roles in reducing the effects of chemotherapy:"resistant"and"tolerant"popula-tions.Furthermore,this review also highlights the impact of the quiescent phase of the cell cycle as a survival mechanism for cancer cells.Beyond understanding the mechanisms under-lying the quiescence,it provides an insightful perspective on cancer stem cells(CsCs)and their dual and intertwined functions based on their cell cycle state in response to treatment.More-over,CSCs,epithelial-mesenchymal transformed cells,circulating tumor cells(CTCs),and disseminated tumor cells(DTCs),which are mostly in a quiescent state of the cell cycle are proved to have multiple biological links and can be implicated in our viewpoint of cell cycle heterogeneity in tumors.Overall,increasing our knowledge of cell cycle heterogeneity is a key to identifying new therapeutic solutions,and this emerging concept may provide us with new opportunities to prevent the dreadful cancer recurrence.

关键词： Cancer stem cells(CSCs) Carcinoma Cell cycle heterogeneity Quiescence Therapy resistance Therapy tolerance Tumor dormancy

Challenges and Opportunities of Sub-6 GHz Integrated Sensing and Communications for 5G-Advanced and Beyond

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第2期33卷 323-325页

作者： Yuhong HUANG China Mobile research Institute China Mobile Communications group Co. Ltd

The integrated sensing and communications(ISAC) technology has been perceived as a key feature of5G-Advanced and beyond mobile communication networks. Compared with sensing in millimeter-wave bands, sensing at sub-6 GHz band is an exceptional incentive to promote the industrialization process of ISAC due to its incomparable advantages in industrial development, especially for intelligent transportation and smart drone networks. This paper elaborates on the top challenges of sub-6 GHz ISAC technologies, as well as the potential solutions to improve the sensing capability.

关键词： 5G-Advanced and beyond Integrated sensing and communications Sub-6 GHz Intelligent transportation Smart drone networks

A dysregulated calcium homeostasis as the earliest pathological sign in stem cell-derived Parkinson's disease neurons?

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第7期19卷 1421-1422页

作者： Nilima Prakash Working group Human Stem Cell research Department Hamm 2Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied SciencesHammGermany

Parkinson’s disease(PD) is characterized by the slow and progressive demise of dopamine(DA)-synthesizing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta(SNc),a nucleus located in the human ventral midbrain.Neuron death also affects other regions in the brain at later stages of PD.The concomitant lack of DA in the human forebrain(striatum) leads to the typical motor symptoms of this still uncurable neurodegenerative disorder.

关键词： homeostasis dopamine death