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Task Offloading in Edge Computing Using GNNs and DQN

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第6期139卷 2649-2671页

作者： Asier Garmendia-Orbegozo Jose David Nunez-Gonzalez Miguel Angel Anton Department of Applied Mathematics University of the Basque Country UPV/EHUEibar20600Spain tecnalia Basque Research and Technology Alliance(BRTA)San Sebastian20009Spain

In a network environment composed of different types of computing centers that can be divided into different layers(clod,edge layer,and others),the interconnection between them offers the possibility of peer-to-peer task *** many resource-constrained devices,the computation of many types of tasks is not feasible because they cannot support such computations as they do not have enough available memory and processing *** this scenario,it is worth considering transferring these tasks to resource-rich platforms,such as Edge Data Centers or remote cloud *** different reasons,it is more exciting and appropriate to download various tasks to specific download destinations depending on the properties and state of the environment and the nature of the *** the same time,establishing an optimal offloading policy,which ensures that all tasks are executed within the required latency and avoids excessive workload on specific computing centers is not *** study presents two alternatives to solve the offloading decision paradigm by introducing two well-known algorithms,Graph Neural Networks(GNN)and Deep Q-Network(DQN).It applies the alternatives on a well-known Edge Computing simulator called PureEdgeSimand compares them with the two defaultmethods,Trade-Off and Round *** showed that variants offer a slight improvement in task success rate and workload *** terms of energy efficiency,they provided similar ***,the success rates of different computing centers are tested,and the lack of capacity of remote cloud servers to respond to applications in real-time is *** novel ways of finding a download strategy in a local networking environment are unique as they emulate the state and structure of the environment innovatively,considering the quality of its connections and constant *** download score defined in this research is a crucial feature for determining the quality of a download path

关键词： Edge computing edge offloading fog computing task offloading

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A Tutorial on Federated Learning from Theory to Practice:Foundations,Software Frameworks,Exemplary Use Cases,and Selected Trends

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 824-850页

作者： M.Victoria Luzón Nuria Rodríguez-Barroso Alberto Argente-Garrido Daniel Jiménez-López Jose M.Moyano Javier Del Ser Weiping Ding Francisco Herrera Department of Software Engineering Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence(DaSCI)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence(DaSCI)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Department of Communications Engineering University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)and also with TECNALIABasque Research&Technology Alliance(BRTA)Spain School of Information Science and Technology Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China

When data privacy is imposed as a necessity,Federated learning(FL)emerges as a relevant artificial intelligence field for developing machine learning(ML)models in a distributed and decentralized *** allows ML models to be trained on local devices without any need for centralized data transfer,thereby reducing both the exposure of sensitive data and the possibility of data interception by malicious third *** paradigm has gained momentum in the last few years,spurred by the plethora of real-world applications that have leveraged its ability to improve the efficiency of distributed learning and to accommodate numerous participants with their data *** virtue of FL,models can be learned from all such distributed data sources while preserving data *** aim of this paper is to provide a practical tutorial on FL,including a short methodology and a systematic analysis of existing software ***,our tutorial provides exemplary cases of study from three complementary perspectives:i)Foundations of FL,describing the main components of FL,from key elements to FL categories;ii)Implementation guidelines and exemplary cases of study,by systematically examining the functionalities provided by existing software frameworks for FL deployment,devising a methodology to design a FL scenario,and providing exemplary cases of study with source code for different ML approaches;and iii)Trends,shortly reviewing a non-exhaustive list of research directions that are under active investigation in the current FL *** ultimate purpose of this work is to establish itself as a referential work for researchers,developers,and data scientists willing to explore the capabilities of FL in practical applications.

关键词： Data privacy distributed machine learning federated learning software frameworks

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Rooting of Pinus radiata somatic embryos: factors involved in the success of the process

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 65-71页

作者： I.A.Montalbán P.Moncaleaán NEIKER-tecnalia Centro de Arkaute

In vitro conditions of the culture media, plant growth regulators and culture containers may cause anatomical and physiological changes that have negative effects on rooting and ex vitro acclimatization of somatic plantlets. The control of these factors could contribute to the improvement of somatic embryogenesis systems in conifers, especially in pines. The influence of macronutrient concentrations, explant type and culture containers in Pinus radiata D. Don in vitro somatic embryo rooting were analyzed. The highest rooting percentage was observed using half-strength macronutrient concentrations, complete micronutrients and vitamins of Quoirin and Lepoivre medium. Although the use of glass culture vessels was the best to increase the efficiency of the somatic embryogenesis process in terms of rooting, the use of ventilated containers resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of plants able to be planted in the field.

关键词： Acclimatization Auxins Containers Pinus radiata Somatic embryogenesis

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Assessing the benthic quality status of the Bohai Bay(China)with proposed modifications of M-AMBI

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第10期34卷 111-121页

作者： CAI Wenqian BORJA Angel LIN Kuixuan ZHU Yanzhong ZHOU Juan LIU Lusan State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuary and Coastal Environment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Marine Research Division AZTI-Tecnalia

Multivariate AZTI＇s Marine Biotic Index （M-AMBI） was designed to indicate the ecological status of European coastal areas. Based upon samples collected from 2009 to 2012 in the Bohai Bay, we have tested the response of variations of M-AMBI, using biomass （M-BAMBI） in the calculations, with different transformations of the raw data. The results showed that the ecological quality of most areas in the study indicated by M-AMBI was from moderate to bad status with the worse status in the coastal areas, especially around the estuaries, harbors and ouffalls, and better status in the offshore areas except the area close to oil platforms or disposal sites. Despite large variations in nature of the input data, all variations of M-AMBI gave similar spatial and temporal distribution patterns of the ecological status within the bay, and showed high correlation between them. The agreement of new ecological status obtained from all M-AMBI variations, which were calculated according to linear regression, was almost perfect. The benthic quality, assessed using different input data, could be related to human pressures in the bay, such as water discharges, land reclamation, dredged sediment and drilling cuts disposal sites. It seems that M-BAMBI were more effective than M-NABMI （M-AMBI calculated using abundance data） in indicating human pressures of the Bay. Finally, indices calculated with more severe transformations, such as presence/absence data, could not indicate the higher density of human pressures in the coastal areas of the north part of our study area, but those calculated using mild transformation （i.e., square root） did.

关键词： macrozoobenthos M-AMBI abundance biomass data transformation ecological status

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Deep convolutional neural network for damaged vegetation segmentation from RGB images based on virtual NIR-channel estimation

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2022年第1期6卷 199-210页

作者： Artzai Picon Arantza Bereciartua-Perez Itziar Eguskiza Javier Romero-Rodriguez Carlos Javier Jimenez-Ruiz Till Eggers Christian Klukas Ramon Navarra-Mestre tecnalia Basque Research and Technology Alliance(BRTA)Parque Tecnológico de BizkaiaC/Geldo.Edificio 700E-48160 Derio-BizkaiaSpain University of the Basque Country Plaza Torres Quevedo48013 BilbaoSpain BASF Espanola S.L.Carretera A376 41710 Utrera SevillaSpain BASF SE Speyererstrasse 267117 LimburgerhofGermany

Performing accurate and automated semantic segmentation of vegetation is a first algorithmic step towards more complex models that can extract accurate biological information on crop health,weed presence and phenological state,among ***,models based on normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),near infrared channel(NIR)or RGB have been a good indicator of vegetation ***,these methods are not suitable for accurately segmenting vegetation showing damage,which precludes their use for downstream phenotyping *** this paper,we propose a comprehensive method for robust vegetation segmentation in RGB images that can cope with damaged *** method consists of a first regression convolutional neural network to estimate a virtual NIR channel from an RGB ***,we compute two newly proposed vegetation indices from this estimated virtual NIR:the infrared-dark channel subtraction(IDCS)and infrared-dark channel ratio(IDCR)***,both the RGB image and the estimated indices are fed into a semantic segmentation deep convolutional neural network to train a model to segment vegetation regardless of damage or *** model was tested on 84 plots containing thirteen vegetation species showing different degrees of damage and acquired over 28 *** results show that the best segmentation is obtained when the input image is augmented with the proposed virtual NIR channel(F1=0:94)and with the proposed IDCR and IDCS vegetation indices(F1=0:95)derived from the estimated NIR channel,while the use of only the image or RGB indices lead to inferior performance(RGB(F1=0:90)NIR(F1=0:82)or NDVI(F1=0:89)channel).The proposed method provides an end-to-end land cover map segmentation method directly from simple RGB images and has been successfully validated in real field conditions.

关键词： Vegetation indices estimation Vegetation coverage map Near infrared estimation Convolutional neural network Deep learning

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Electro-tribological properties of diamond like carbon coatings

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Friction 2020年第2期8卷 451-461页

作者： Iñigo BRACERAS Iñigo IBÁNEZ Santiago DOMINGUEZ-MEISTER Xabier VELASCO Marta BRIZUELA Iñaki GARMENDIA tecnalia Research&Innovation Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2Donostia-San Sebastian 20009Spain Mechanical Engineering Department University of the Basque Country UPV/EHUPlaza de Europa1Donostia-San Sebastian 20018Spain

Diamond like carbon(DLC)coatings typically present good self-lubricating tribological properties that could be of interest in sliding dielectric contacts in multiple electrical *** this work electro-tribological studies have been performed on several DLC coatings against aluminum in different humidity conditions,in which the coefficients of friction(CoFs)and electrical contact resistance(ECR)were continuously *** show that CoF and ECR data can be linked to the properties of the coatings(thickness,finishing,microstructure,residual stresses,and wettability)and the degradation modes of their tribological and electrical ***,electro-tribological data can provide valuable information about the performance of dielectric coatings,the reasons behind it,and assist in the development of the *** also shows potential for on-line monitoring of coated parts in operation.

关键词： DLC electro-tribology ECR-electrical contact resistance coefficient of friction

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Stability analysis for time delay control of nonlinear systems in discrete-time domain with a standard discretisation method

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Control Theory and Technology 2020年第1期18卷 92-106页

作者： Jinoh LEE Gustavo A.MEDRANO-CERDA Je Hyung JUNG Advanced Robotics Istituto Italian.di TecnologiaVia Morego 30Genoa16163Italy tecnalia Research and Innovation Mikeletegi Pasealekua1-3E-20009Donostia-San SebastianSpain

This paper provides stability analysis results for discretised time delay control(TDC)as implemented in a sampled data system with the standard form of zero-order *** first substantiate stability issues in discrete-time TDC using an example and propose sufficient stability criteria in the sense of *** parameters significantly affecting the overall system stability are the sampling period,the desired trajectory and the selection of the reference model dynamics.

关键词： Time delay control(TDC) discretisation stability analysis zero-order hold

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Vibrations characterization in milling of low stiffness parts with a rubber-based vacuum fixture

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第6期34卷 54-66页

作者： Antonio RUBIO-MATEOS Mikel CASUSO Asuncion RIVERO Eneko UKAR Aitzol LAMIKIZ tecnalia Basque Research and Technology Alliance(BRTA)Paseo Mikeletegi 7Pcirque TecnologicoE-20009 San SebastianSpain University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU) ETTSII–Department of Mechanical EngineeringC/Alameda de Urquijo s/nE-48013 BilbaoSpain

Fixtures are a critical element in machining operations as they are the interface between the part and the *** components are responsible for the precise part location on the machine table and for the proper dynamic stability maintenance during the manufacturing *** these two features are deeply related,they are usually studied *** the one hand,diverse adaptable solutions have been developed for the clamping of different variable ***,the stability of the part has been long studied to reduce the forced vibration and the chatter effects,especially on thin parts machining operations typically performed in the aeronautic field,such as the skin panels *** present work proposes a commitment between both features by the presentation of an innovative vacuum fixture based on the use of a vulcanized rubber *** solution presents high flexibility as it can be adapted to different geometries while providing a proper damping capacity due to the viscoelastic and elastoplastic behaviour of these ***,the sealing properties of these elastomers provide the perfect combination to transform a rubber layer into a flexible vacuum ***,in order to validate the suitability of this fixture,a test bench is manufactured and tested under uniaxial compression loads and under real finish milling conditions over AA2024 part ***,a roughness model is proposed and analysed in order to characterize the part vibration sources.

关键词： AA2024 aeronautic skin Chatter Damping Finish milling Rubber characterization Vacuum clamping

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Role of Organic Matter and Carbonates in Soil Aggregation Estimated Using Laser Diffractometry

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Pedosphere 2011年第5期21卷 566-572页

作者： I.VIRTO N.GARTZIA-BENGOETXEA O.FERNANDEZ-UGALDE Area Edafologia y Quimica Agricola Departamento de Ciencias del Medio NaturalUniversidad Publica de Navarra Departamento de Ecotecnologias Neiker-TecnaliaParque Tecnolo'gico de Zamudio 812-L48160 Derio(Spain)

>Aggregation in many soils in semi-arid land is affected by their high carbonate *** presence of lithogenic and/or primary carbonates can also inffuence the role of soil organic matter(SOM) in *** role of carbonates and SOM in aggregation was evaluated by comparing the grain-size distribution in two carbonate-rich soils(15% and 30% carbonates) under conventional tillage after different disaggregating *** also compared the effect of no-tillage and conventional tillage on the role of these two aggregating agents in the soil with 30% of *** samples were treated as four different ways:shaking with water(control),adding hydrochloric acid(HCl) to remove carbonates,adding hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) to remove organic matter,and consecutive removal of carbonates and organic matter(HCl + H2O2),and then analyzed by laser diffraction *** results showed that different contributions of carbonates and SOM to aggregate formation and stability depended not only on their natural proportion,but also on the soil type,as expressed by the major role of carbonates in aggregation in the 15% carbonate-rich soil,with a greater SOC-to-SIC(soil organic C to soil inorganic C) ratio than the 30% carbonate-rich *** increased organic matter stocks under no-tillage could moderate the role of carbonates in aggregation in a given soil,which meant that no-tillage could affect the organic and the inorganic C cycles in the *** conclusion,the relative role of carbonates and SOM in aggregation could alter the aggregates hierarchy in carbonate-rich soils.

关键词： aggregate stabilization conventional tillage grain-size distribution no-tillage semi-arid land

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Spanish Initiative for the Automation in Urban Transport: AutoMOST

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2018年第1期8卷 1-10页

作者： Jesús Murgoitio Rafael Durbán Joshué M. Pérez Antonio García Jose A. Moreno Ray A. Lattarulo Industry & Transport Division Tecnalia Derio Spain Grupo Avanza Madrid Spain

The progressive automation of transport will imply a new paradigm in mobility, which will profoundly affect people, logistics of goods, as well as other sectors dependent on transport. It is precise within this automation where the development of new driving technologies is going to cause a great impact on the mobility of the near future, and that will have an effect on the economic, natural and social environment. It is therefore a primary issue at the global level, as it is reflected in the work programs of the European Commission in relation to the road transport [1] [2]. Thus, the size impact is caused by the following novelties and advantages: 1) Safety: Accidents reduction caused by human error;2) Efficiency increase in transportation, both in energy consumption and time;3) Comfort for users and professionals who will increase their operational availability to execute other more valuable tasks, both for them and enterprises;4) Social Inclusion: enabling mobility easily for everybody during more time;5) Accessibility, to get to city centers and other difficult reach places. It should be noted that the economic impact projected for automated driving for the years to come ranges up to €71 bn in 2030, when estimated global market for automated vehicles is 44 million vehicles, as is reflected in document Automated Driving Roadmap by ERTRAC [3], European Road Transport Research Advisory Council (http://***/uploads/documentsearch/id38/ERTRAC_***). As background that already anticipates these im-provements, the Advance Driver Assistance System (ADAs) have already showed the safety increase in the last ten years, but always maintain a leading role for the driver. Related to the efficiency increase, automated driving offers great opportunities for those companies where mobility is a key factor in operating costs, and affects the whole value chain. The project opportunity is consistent with ERTRAC vision, especially in applications focus

关键词： Urban Transport Automated Vehicles Dual Mode

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