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Epidemiology of leprosy in China,2021:An Update

International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology 2024年第1期7卷 35-39页

作者： Ying Shi Pei-Wen Sun Le Wang Hong-Sheng Wang Mei-Wen Yu Heng Gu National Center for leprosy control Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionHospital for Skin Diseases(Institute of Dermatology)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingJiangsu 210042China

Objective:leprosy is an infectious diseases that remains a concerning public health *** infection of Mycobacterium leprae still exists at the county level in hard-to-access areas in southwest *** accurate analysis of the prevalence of leprosy in various regions is necessary for the formulation of prevention and control strategies,so we conducted this study to describe the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in China in 2021 and provide essential information for future national leprosy control and prevention ***:We collected epidemiological data of leprosy from 31 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities of China(except for Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan)provided by the leprosy Management Information *** performed a comparative analysis of the epidemiological features of patients with leprosy including age,sex,geographical distribution,and grade of ***:In total,374 newly detected leprosy cases were reported nationwide in China in 2021,giving an incidence rate of 0.27 per million population,which represented a decrease of 7.9%compared with *** the population with leprosy in 2021 that comprised 238 males(63.6%)and 136 females(36.4%),1.9%(7/374)were children younger than 15 years,92.8%(347/374)had multibacillary leprosy,and 18.2%(68/374)had grade 2 *** than half of the new leprosy cases(54.8%,205/374)were distributed in southwest *** were 33 relapsed leprosy cases reported in *** the end of 2021,there were 1,897 registered leprosy cases reported nationwide,giving a prevalence rate of 1.35 per million ***:The leprosy epidemic in China shows a downward trend in terms of the prevalence and incidence ***,the high prevalence of leprosy in southwest China is still a matter of concern.

关键词： epidemiology leprosy China newly detected leprosy cases multibacillary leprosy paucibacillary leprosy incidence rate prevalence rate

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Toward tuberculosis elimination by understanding epidemiologic characteristics and risk factors in Hainan Province, China

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 107-108页

作者： Changqiang Zhou Tao Li Jian Du Dapeng Yin Xiujun Li Shixue Li Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan People’s Republic of China National Center for Tuberculosis control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing People’s Republic of China Clinical Center On tb control Beijing Chest Hospital Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute Beijing People’s Republic of China Hainan Center for Disease control and Prevention Haikou People’s Republic of China Research Center for Tuberculosis control Shandong University Jinan People’s Republic of China

Background The disease burden of tuberculosis(tb)was heavy in Hainan Province,China,and the information on transmission patterns was limited with few *** atudy aims to further explore the epidemiological charac-teristics and influencing factors of tb in Hainan Province,and thereby contribute valuable scientific evidences for tb elimination in Hainan *** The tb notification data in Hainan Province from 2013 to 2022 were collected from the Chinese National Disease control Information System Tuberculosis Surveillance System,along with socio-economic *** spatial-temporal and population distributions were analyzed,and spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted to explore tb notification rate *** addition,the epidemiological characteristics of the cases among in-country migrants were described,and the delay pattern in seeking medical care was ***,a geographically and tem-porally weighted regression(GTWR)model was adopted to analyze the relationship between tb notification rate and socio-economic *** tailored control suggestions in different regions for tb elimination was provided by understanding epidemiological characteristics and risk factors obtained by *** From 2013 to 2022,64,042 cases of tb were notified in Hainan *** estimated annual percent-age change of tb notification rate in Hainan Province from 2013 to 2020 was-6.88%[95%confidence interval(CI):-5.30%,-3.69%],with higher rates in central and southern *** majority of patients were males(76.33%)and farmers(67.80%).Cases among in-country migrants primarily originated from Sichuan(369 cases),Heilongjiang(267 cases),Hunan(236 cases),Guangdong(174 cases),and Guangxi(139 cases),accounting for 53%.The majority(98.83%)of tb cases were notified through passive case finding approaches,with delay in seeking *** GTWR analysis showed that gross domestic product per capita,the number of medical institutions and health personnel

关键词： Tuberculosis Elimination Hainan Province China Epidemiological characteristics Geographically Temporally weighted regression

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Association of plasma vitamin A level with type 2 diabetes mellitus:a community aging population-based cross-sectional study

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 2079-2089页

作者： Pengfei Li Jingjing Xu Yujie Guo Xiaojun Ma Shaobo Zhou Chi Zhang Huiyan Yu Ying Wang Xixiang Wang Linhong Yuan School of Public Health Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental ToxicologyChina-British Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Prevention and Control of Chronic DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China School of Science Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversity of GreenwichChatham ME44TBUK School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska-LincolnNE 68588-0660USA Suzhou Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversitySuzhou 215153China

Recent studies indicated that vitamin A(VA)might be involved in the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the association between circulating VA level and T2DM.A total of 1818 subjects aged 50 years old and above were recruited from the *** logistic regression and restricted cubic spline(RCS)were applied to analyze the association of plasma VA level with the risk of *** VA and lipid-adjusted VA levels of T2DM patients were significantly higher than that of non-T2DM subjects(P<0.05).The ratios of plasma VA/total cholesterol(TC),VA/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c)and VA/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c)were positively associated with the risk of T2DM in the aging population(P<0.05).Compared with the Q1 level,subjects with Q2 to Q3 levels of plasma VA/triglyceride(TG)have decreased risk of T2DM(odds ratio(OR)Q2=0.68,P_(Q2)=0.021;ORQ3=0.59,P_(Q3)<0.01).Our results indicated that the imbalance of circulating lipids and VA might affect the relationship between VA and *** middle and aging subjects with higher ratios of plasma VA/TC,VA/HDL-c,and VA/LDL-c displayed increased risk for T2DM,but the moderate ratio of VA/TG might protect against risk of T2DM.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Vitamin A Lipid Nutrition Disease prevention

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Feasibility of Integrating leprosy Post-Exposure Prophylaxis with Single-Dose Rifampicin (LPEP) into Routine leprosy control Program in Bukedi and Teso Regions in Uganda

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第3期14卷 563-580页

作者： Rose Kengonzi Turyahabwe Stavia Lisa Gerwing-Adima Nyote Ronald Kamara Vincent Consolata Mbambara Yusuf Wanyama Buyinza Godfrey Tinyo Daniel Mulwani Elisa Namuyode Damali Aloket Francis Ministry of Health National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program Kampala Uganda German Tuberculosis and leprosy Relief Association Kampala Uganda Kibuku District Local Government Kibuku Uganda Budaka District Local Government Budaka Uganda Department of Internal Medicine Mbale Regional Referral Hospital Mbale Uganda Department of Internal Medicine Soroti Regional Referral Hospital Soroti Uganda

Background: World Health Organization recommends the implementation of contact tracing and leprosy Post Exposure prophylaxis (LPEP) to interrupt the chain of transmission. To accelerate the uptake of this recommendation, a cross-sectional study among contacts of leprosy patients was conducted to investigate the feasibility of integrating leprosy systematic contact tracing and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) into the routine leprosy control program. Methods: This was a mixed methods cross-sectional study. The study was implemented in Kumi, Ngora, Serere, Soroti, Budaka and Kibuku Districts. Results: The 45 enrolled index patients (97.8% of the registered) identified a total of 135 contacts, of which 134 (99·2%) consented and were screened. Among them, one new leprosy patient was identified and started on treatment with multidrug therapy (MDT). All the eligible contacts, received the prophylactic treatment with Single Dose Rifampicin (SDR). Overall, SDR was administered to 133(98.5% of the listed contacts) with no adverse event reported. Factors associated with successful contact investigation and management included: Involvement of index patients, health care workers during the contact screening and SDR A administration, counselling of the index patients and contacts by the health care works, LPEP being administered as Directly observed Therapy (DOT) among others. Results Interpretation: The integration of leprosy post-exposure prophylaxis with administration of SDR and contact tracing is feasible, generally accepted by the patient, their contacts and health workers and can be integrated into the National leprosy control programmes with minimal additional efforts once contact tracing has been established. Therefore, we recommend integration of administration of SDR in to the routine leprosy control program.

关键词： leprosy Post Exposure Prophylaxis Single Dose Rifampicin

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Tuberculosis in the mines of Zambia:A case for intervention

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第9期6卷 803-807页

作者： Pascalina Chanda-Kapata Doris Osei-Afriyie Connrad Mwansa Nathan Kapata Department of Disease Surveillance control and Research Ministry of Health Department of Occupational Health Occupational Health and Safety Institute Department of Diseases Surveillance control and Research National TB/Leprosy Control ProgramMinistry of Health

Zambia is among the sub-Saharan countries highly burdened with tuberculosis(tb) and has an estimated prevalence rate of 638 per 100 000 population in those aged 15 years and *** mining industry is the main contributor to the country's gross national product,although it is associated with public health challenges,with tb in the mines being among the occupational health diseases having a negative economic impact and threatening to delay the control of tb in the *** reviewed available evidence on the extent of the burden of tb in the mines so as to inform the development of targeted interventions for the post-2015 End tb *** was a review of published data from Medline/Pubmed,Cochrane Library and Embase,including unpublished "grey"literature on the burden of tb and the risk factors of tb in the mines of *** is limited research in Zambia to fully understand the burden of tb and risk factors associated with tb in the ***,the few studies and data available have shown that tb is a significant health problem requiring interventions to improve the quality of life of miners,ex-miners and surrounding *** is a potential problem in the mines of Zambia and the actual burden needs to be *** to silica as a risk factor needs further investigation.

关键词： Tuberculosis Zambia Occupational health diseases Silica Mines

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A Modeling Study Recurrent Tuberculosis Towards End tb Strategy—China,2025-2035

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China CDC weekly 2024年第35期6卷 885-890页

作者： Tao Li Xin Du Zhongwei Jia Yanlin Zhao Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina Chinese Center for Disease control and Prevention BeijingChina National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Center for Intelligent Public Health Institute for Artificial IntelligencePeking UniversityBeijingChina Department of Global Health School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina Center for Drug Abuse control and Prevention National Institute of Health Data SciencePeking UniversityBeijingChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?The recurrence of tuberculosis(tb)following successful treatment presents a significant *** is added by this report?Achieving the global End tb Strategy milestones and targets with the current strategies in China is ***,interventions following recovery to prevent recurrence,in conjunction with preventive treatment for latent tb infection(LtbI),will aid in meeting these objectives.

关键词： Strategy tuberculosis treatment

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Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Tuberculosis: A Cross-Sectional Study of Practices in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2024年第2期12卷 57-72页

作者： Khalid Mahmood Razia Fatima Aashifa Yaqoob Faheem Jan Zia Samad Mahboob Ul Haq National Tuberculosis control Program Islamabad Pakistan

Background: Tuberculosis (tb) is one of the major killer diseases among infectious diseases. The success of tb control depends on the capability of the health care system to detect and accurately manage tb cases. Tuberculosis in children remained a low public health priority with limited epidemiologic studies. Struggles for tb control in children need to be enhanced as children are providing the reservoir for future cases to develop. Objectives: The study evaluated diagnostic and treatment practices related to childhood pulmonary tuberculosis in Gilgit Baltistan (GB), Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study based on retrospective record review of childhood Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients registered in the year 2020 with self-administered questionnaire. Results: Data of 557 childhood cases were collected. Most childhood cases were in age group 1 - 4 years (54%) with male predominance. More than 90% were diagnosed and treated at public sector facilities. 99% of the cases were clinically diagnosed with passive case finding. Cough was considered as a symptom of childhood Tuberculosis (tb) by 94% of physicians. Other important features included failure to thrive (13%), contact with a family history of tb (15%), Malnutrition(24%) and respiratory signs (21%). 99% physicians advised chest X-ray, Complete blood count (CBC) (95%) and Erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR) (72%) for diagnosis and fewer physicians (2%) used sputum smear microscopy and induced sputum (0.1%). Combining data on dosage, frequency and duration for drugs, 99% of the cases were found receiving correct regimen. The treatment outcomes of the cases were cured 4 (0.8%), treatment completed 551 (99.3%) and died 2 (0.4%) with no lost to follow up. Conclusions: The study highlights inappropriate diagnostic and treatment practices for managing childhood pulmonary tb among physicians in public and private sectors of Gilgit Baltistan. Most of the cases are managed by general practitioners with no

关键词： Childhood Tuberculosis Management Respiratory Signs

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Inferring Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Drug Resistance and Transmission using Whole-genome Sequencing in a High tb-burden Setting in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期37卷 157-169页

作者： FAN Yu Feng LIU Dong Xin CHEN Yi Wang OU Xi Chao MAO Qi Zhi YANG Ting Ting WANG Xi Jiang HE Wen Cong ZHAO Bing LIU Zhen Jiang ABULIMITI Maiweilanjiang AIHEMUTI Maimaitiaili GAO Qian ZHAO Yan Lin Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology(MOE/NHC/CAMS) School of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital Hangzhou 310005ZhejiangChina Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease control and Prevention Urumqi 830026XinjiangChina Tuberculosis Dispensary of Kashgar Prefecture Kashgar 844099XinjiangChina

Objective China is among the 30 countries with a high burden of tuberculosis(tb)worldwide,and tb remains a public health *** Prefecture in the southern Xinjiang Autonomous Region is considered as one of the highest tb burden regions in ***,molecular epidemiological studies of Kashgar are *** A population-based retrospective study was conducted using whole-genome sequencing(WGS)to determine the characteristics of drug resistance and the transmission *** A total of 1,668 isolates collected in 2020 were classified into lineages 2(46.0%),3(27.5%),and 4(26.5%).The drug resistance rates revealed by WGS showed that the top three drugs in terms of the resistance rate were isoniazid(7.4%,124/1,668),streptomycin(6.0%,100/1,668),and rifampicin(3.3%,55/1,668).The rate of rifampicin resistance was 1.8%(23/1,290)in the new cases and 9.4%(32/340)in the previously treated *** resistance mutations were detected more frequently in lineage 2 strains than in lineage 3 or 4 strains,respectively:18.6%vs.8.7 or 9%,Ptb),78.4%(171/218)were attributed to the transmission of DR-tb *** Our results suggest that drug-resistant strains are more transmissible than susceptible strains and that transmission is the major driving force of the current DR-tb epidemic in Kashgar.

关键词： Mycobacterium tuberculosis Whole-genome sequencing(WGS) Transmission Drug resistance Xinjiang

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Characterization of Mutations in Genes Related to Rifampicin and Isoniazid Resistance in Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains from Hangzhou,China

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生物医学与环境科学:英文版 2023年第9期36卷 869-873页

作者： HUANG Yin Yan XIE Li WU Yi Fei JIA Qing Jun CHENG Qing Lin LI Qing Chun AI Li Yun BAI Xue Xin Department of tb control and Prevention Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou 310021ZhejiangChina

Tuberculosis(tb),caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex(MtbC),is the 13^(th)leading cause of death and the second leading cause of infectious killer after COVID-19(above HIV and AIDS),according to the World Health Organization's 2022 Global tb *** 2021,10.6 million people were diagnosed with a new episode of tb and 1.6 million people died as a result.

关键词： tuberculosis death Mycobacterium

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Characteristics and Morbidity of the Tuberculosis Epidemic--China,2019

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China CDC weekly 2020年第12期2卷 181-184页

作者： Wei Chen Hui Zhang Xin Du Tao Li Yanlin Zhao National Center for tb control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Introduction:The year 2019 was crucial for the implementation of China’s National“13th 5-Year”Tuberculosis(tb)control *** conducted this study to evaluate the characteristics and progress towards controlling tb in ***:We collected and analyzed the pulmonary tuberculosis(Ptb)data of China between January 1,2015 and December 31,2019 from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System(NNDRS).Results:In 2019,there were 775,764 Ptb cases reported in NNDRS,of which 349,307 were bacteriologically-confirmed(Bac+)*** Ptb case notification rate(CNR)was 55.55 per 100,000,and the Bac+CNR was 25.01 per 100,*** 2018 to 2019,the number of Ptb cases fell by 6.3%,but the number of Bac+cases increased by 25.9%.The annual decrease in the rate of reported Ptb was 3.4% from 2015 to *** 5 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)with the highest Ptb CNR were as follows:Tibet(182.38 per 100,000),Xinjiang(169.05 per 100,000),Qinghai(134.53 per 100,000),Guizhou(102.51 per 100,000),and Hainan(90.22 per 100,000).The rate of reported Ptb was 74.84 per 100,000 for males and 35.40 per 100,000 for *** were 8,116 cases(1.0%)among children aged 0–14 years,and 197,730 cases(25.5%)among adults aged 65 years and *** the reported cases,470,932 were farmers,which was the most common occupation at 60.7%.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:The tb epidemic has decreased dramatically year by *** Ptb cases were in the central and western regions of China,and the high-risk groups were farmers and elderly people aged 65 years and over.

关键词： Tuberculosis tuberculosis occupation

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