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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 108-119页

作者： Benny Selle Berliner Hochschule Für technik Fachbereich Geowissenschaften Universit?t Tübingen

Background Discovering causality in environmental systems is challenging because frequently controlled experiments or numerical simulations are difficult. Algorithms to learn directed acyclic graphs from system data are powerful, but they often result in too many possible causal structures that cannot be properly *** An approach to this problem proposed here is to initially restrict the system to a target variable with its two major drivers. Subsequently, testable causal structures are obtained from rules to infer directed acyclic graphs and expert knowledge. the proposed approach, which is essentially based on correlation and regression, was applied to understand drivers of a toxic algal bloom in the Odra River in summer 2022. through this application, useful insight on the interplay between river flow and salt inputs that likely caused the algal bloom was *** the Odra River example demonstrated that carefully applied correlation and regression techniques together with expert knowledge can help to discover reliable casual structures in environmental systems.

关键词： Causal effect Causal model Causal diagram Mediation analysis Directed acyclic graph Classification and regression trees

K^(+) channel-mediated retarded maturation of interneurons and its role in neurodevelopmental disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1403-1404页

作者： Kaizhen Li Daria Savitska Olga Garaschuk Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience Department of PhysiologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland Institute of Physiology Department of NeurophysiologyEberhard Karls University of TübingenTübingenGermany

De novo mutations in genes encoding K^(+)channels are implicated in many severe neurodevelopmental ***,mutations in KCNA2,encoding the Shaker-type voltage-gated K^(+)channel Kv1.2,and KCNJ2,encoding the inwardly rectifying K^(+)channel Kir2.1,associate with focal and generalized epilepsies,brain atrophy,autism,ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia(Syrbe et al.,2015;Masnada et al.,2017;Cheng et al.,2021).

关键词： disorders atrophy

DPY19L3 promotes vasculogenicmimicry by its C-mannosyltransferase activity

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Oncology Research 2024年第4期32卷 607-614页

作者： HASSAN BAYDOUN YUJI KAtO HIROKI KAMO ANNA HÜSCH HAYAtO MIZUtA RYOtA KAWAHARA SIRO SIMIZU Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and TechnologyKeio UniversityYokohama223-8522Japan Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of TübingenTübingen72074Germany

C-mannosylation is a post-translational modification that occurs intracellularly in the endoplasmic *** humans,biosynthesis of C-mannosylation in proteins containing thrombospondin type 1 repeat is catalyzed by the DPY19 family;nonetheless,biological functions of protein C-mannosylation are not yet fully understood,especially in tumor *** mimicry(VM)is the formation of fluid-conducting channels by highly invasive and genetically deregulated tumor cells,enabling the tumors to form matrix-embedded vasculogenic structures,containing plasma and blood cells to meet the metabolic demands of rapidly growing *** this study,we focused on DPY19L3,a C-mannosyltransferase,and aimed to unravel its role in *** of DPY19L3 inhibited the formation of VM in Ht1080 human fibrosarcoma ***-expression of wild-type DPY19L3 recovered VM formation;however,DPY19L3 isoform2,an enzymatic activity-defect mutant,did not restore it,suggesting that the C-mannosyltransferase activity of DPY19L3 is crucial to its ***,the knockdown of DPY19L3 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells hindered its network formation ***,our findings suggest that DPY19L3 is required for VM formation and stipulate the relevance of C-mannosylation in oncogenesis.

关键词： C-mannosylation Vasculogenic mimicry DPY19L3

Spirotetramat reduces fitness of the spotted-wing Drosophila,Drosophila suzukii

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1222-1230页

作者： Jing Yang Justin Flaven-Pouchon Yiwen Wang Bernard Moussian Section of Animal Genetics Interfaculty Institute of Cell BiologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany School of Pharmaceutical Science and technology Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina INRAE CNRSUniversitéCôte d'AzurInstitut Sophia AgrobiotechSophia AntipolisFrance

With climate change,the spotted-wing Drosophila(SWD,Drosophila suzukii)invades a great number of fruit production regions worldwide.A plethora of insecticides are being applied for management of this *** expected,SWD develops resistance against some potent insecticides or is rather insensitive to some ***,there is an urgent need to identify and characterize alternative insecticides to control SWD ***,we have studied the effects of the orally applied inhibitor of the fatty acid synthesis pathway spirotetramat on SWD fitness with respect to fecundity and surface barrier function at different *** our experiments,we applied spirotetramat mixed with baker's yeast and showed that females and males were not repelled by effective concentrations of this *** found that spirotetramat,by trend,lowers egg numbers laid by fed *** eggs rapidly desiccate,and only a few larvae *** is lethal to larvae and reduces survival of adult flies under low-humidity *** together,based on our data,we propose to use yeast supplemented with spirotetramat and additional SWD-specific attractants in traps in non-crop areas in order to eradicate SWD populations before they infest crop production sites.

关键词： desiccation Drosophila suzuki insecticide lipids

Doping-driven dual heterogeneous interfacial structures boosting the durability of industry-compatible water splitting at high current density

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第10期67卷 3468-3481页

作者： Chunming Yang Lihai Zhou Zhijie Kong Xiang Li Wangchuan Zhu Guangqing Wang Yanzhong Zhen Feng Fu Yucang Liang Research Institute of Comprehensive Energy Industry technology College of Chemistry&Chemical EngineeringYan’an UniversityYan’an 716000China Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials Green Catalysis CenterCollege of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls UniversitätTübingen 72076Germany

Developing highly stable electrocatalysts under industry-compatible current densities(>500 mA cm^(-2))in an anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzer(AEMWE)is an enormous challenge for water ***,based on the results of density function theory calculations,a dual heterogeneous interfacial structured NiSe/Fe-Ni(OH)_(2)catalyst was subtly designed and successfully prepared by electrodepositing Fe-doped Ni(OH)_(2)on NiSe-loaded nickel foam(NF).Fe doping-driven heterogeneous structures in NiSe/Fe-Ni(OH)_(2)markedly boost catalytic activity and durability at industrially compatible current densities in single hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions under alkaline *** particular,NiSe/Fe-Ni(OH)_(2)shows a negligible performance loss at 600 mA cm^(-2)at least 1,000 h for overall water splitting,a distinguished long-term durability acting as AEMWE electrodes at 600 mA cm^(-2)and 1 A cm^(-2)at 85℃for at least 95 *** to Fe doping-induced strong synergetic effect between Ni and Fe,dual heterostructure-promoted charge transfer and redistribution,abundant catalytic active sites,and improvement of stability and durability,a mechanism of Fe doping-driven heterogeneous interfacial structurepromoted catalytic performance was *** study provides a successful example of theory-directed catalyst preparation and pioneers a creative strategy for industry-compatible water splitting at high current density.

关键词： doping-induced heterojunction structure NiSe/Fe-Ni(OH)_(2) large current density anion-exchange membrane industrycompatible water electrolysis

Cytokines-activated nuclear IKKα-FAt10 pathway induces breast cancer tamoxifen-resistance

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 1413-1426页

作者： Xueyan Chen Weilin Wu Ji-Hak Jeong Matjaz Rokavec Rui Wei Shaolong Feng Werner Schroth Hiltrud Brauch Shangwei Zhong Jun-Li Luo Department of Oncology Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008China Department of Molecular Medicine The Scripps Research InstituteJupiter 33458USA Dr.Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart 70376Germany iFIt Cluster of Excellence University of TübingenTübingen 72074Germany the Cancer Research Institute and the Second Affiliated Hospital Henyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyang 421001China National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Research and Prevention Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalChangsha 410008China

Endocrine therapy that blocks estrogen signaling is the most effective treatment for patients with estrogen receptor positive(ER+)breast ***,the efficacy of agents such as tamoxifen(tam)is often compromised by the development of *** we report that cytokines-activated nuclear IKKαconfers tam resistance to ER+breast cancer by inducing the expression of FAt10,and that the expression of FAt10 and nuclear IKKαin primary ER+human breast cancer was correlated with lymphotoxinβ(LtB)expression and significantly associated with relapse and metastasis in patients treated with adjuvant ***αactivation or enforced FAt10 expression promotes tam-resistance while loss of IKKαor FAt10 augments tam *** induction of FAt10 by IKKαis mediated by the transcription factor Pax5,and coordinated via an IKKα-p53-miR-23a circuit in which activation of IKKαattenuates p53-directed repression of ***,our findings establish IKKα-to-FAt10 pathway as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of tam-resistant ER+breast cancer.

关键词： nuclear IKKα breast cancer tam-resistance FAt10 Pax5 lymphotoxin nuclear IKKα-FAt0 pathway

Non-adhesive and adhesive contacts of an elastic quarter-or eighth-space with freely sliding sides

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Friction 2024年第9期12卷 2052-2063页

作者： Qiang LI Valentin L.POPOV technische Universität Berlin Berlin 10623Germany

the contact of an elastic quarter-or eighth-space is studied under the condition that the movement of the side surface of the quarter-space is constrained:It can slide freely along the plane of the side surface but its normal movement is blocked(for example,by a rigid wall).the solution of this contact problem can be easily achieved by additionally applying a mirrored load to an elastic ***-adhesive contact and the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts(JKR)-type adhesive contact between a rigid sphere and an elastic quarter-space under such a boundary condition is numerically simulated using the fast Fourier transform(FFt)-assisted boundary element method(BEM).Contacts of an elastic eighth-space are investigated using the same *** on the position of the sphere relative to the side edge,different contact behavior is *** the case of adhesive contact,the force of adhesion first increases with increasing the distance from the edge of the quarter-space,achieves a maximum,and decreases further to the JKR-value in large distance from the *** enhancement of the force of adhesion compared to the half-space-contact is associated with the pinning of the contact area at the *** provide the maps of the force of adhesion and their analytical approximations,as well as pressure distributions in the contact plane and inside the quarter-/eighth-space.

关键词： quarter-space eighth-space adhesion edge effect boundary element method(BEM)

Microscopic growth mechanism and edge states of monolayer 1t'-Mote2

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 474-480页

作者：赵海鹏刘隐杨胜国林陈昉陈明星 Kai Braun 罗心仪李思宇潘安练王笑 Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and technology of Hunan Province School of Physics and ElectronicsCollege of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan University Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education Synergetic Innovation Centre for Quantum Effects and Applications (SICQEA) Hunan Normal University State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South University Institute of Physical and theoretical Chemistry and LISA+ University of Tübingen

transition metal ditellurides（tMtDs） have versatile physical properties,including non-trivial topology,Weyl semimetal states and unique spin *** growth of high-quality and large-scale monolayer tMtDs with preferred crystal phases is crucial for their ***,we demonstrate the epitaxial growth of 1t'-Mote2on Au（111）and graphitized silicon carbide（Gr/SiC） by molecular beam epitaxy（MBE）.We investigate the morphology of the grown1t'-Mote2at the atomic level by scanning tunnelling microscopy（StM） and reveal the corresponding microscopic growth *** is found that the unique ordered te structures preferentially deposited on Au（111） regulate the growth of monolayer single crystal 1t'-Mote2,while the Mo clusters were preferentially deposited on the Gr/SiC substrate,which impedes the ordered growth of monolayer *** confirm that the size of single crystal 1t'-Mote2grown on Au（111）is nearly two orders of magnitude larger than that on Gr/*** scanning tunnelling spectroscopy（StS）,we observe that the StS spectrum of the monolayer 1t'-Mote2nano-island at the edge is different from that at the interior,which exhibits enhanced conductivity.

关键词： 1t′-Mote2 microscopic growth mechanism scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (StM/S) transition metal ditellurides

Changes in snow cover extent in the Central taurus Mountains from 1981 to 2021 in relation to temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric teleconnections

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 49-67页

作者： Ecmel ERLAt Fulya AYDIN-KANDEMİR Department of Geography Ege UniversityIzmir 35100Türkiye Climate Change and Zero Waste Department Antalya Metropolitan MunicipalityAntalya 07310Türkiye Hydropolitics Association Ankara 06680Türkiye

the snow cover over the taurus Mountains affects water supply, agriculture, and hydropower generation in the region. In this study, we analyzed the monthly Snow Cover Extent(SCE) from November to April in the Central taurus Mountains(Bolkar, Aladaglar, tahtali and Binboga Mountains) from 1981 to 2021. Linear trends of snow cover season(November to April) over the last 41 years showed decreases in SCE primarily at lower elevations. the downward trend in SCE was found to be more pronounced and statistically significant for only November and March. SCE in the Central taurus Mountains has declined about-6.3% per decade for 2500-3000 m in November and about-6.0% per decade for 1000-1500 m and 3000+ m in March over the last 41 years. the loss of SCE has become evident since the 2000s, and the lowest negative anomalies in SCE have been observed in 2014, 2001, and 2007 in the last 41 years, which are consistent with an increase in air temperature and decreased precipitation. SCE was correlated with both mean temperature and precipitation, with temperature having a greater relative importance at all elevated gradients. Results showed that there is a strong linear relationship between SCE and the mean air temperature(r =-0.80) and precipitation(r = 0.44) for all elevated gradients during the snow season. the Arctic Oscillation(AO), the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO), and the Mediterranean Oscillation(MO) winter indices were used to explain the year-to-year variability in SCE over the Central taurus Mountains. the results showed that the inter-annual variability observed in the winter SCE on the Central taurus Mountains was positively correlated with the phases of the winter AO, NAO and MO, especially below 2000 m elevation.

关键词： Snow cover extent Atmospheric teleconnection Central taurus Mountains Air temperature and precipitation Geographic Information Systems türkiye

Ionic liquid-based transparent membrane-coupled human lung epithelium-on-a-chip demonstrating PM0.5 pollution effect under breathing mechanostress

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第5期7卷 624-636页

作者： Bilgesu Kaya Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas Department of Bioengineering Faculty of EngineeringEge UniversityIzmir 35100Türkiye translational Pulmonary Research Center(EgeSAM) Ege UniversityIzmir 35100Türkiye

the plausibility of human exposure to particulate matter(PM)has witnessed an increase within the last several *** of different sizes has been discovered in the atmosphere given the role of dust transport in weather and climate *** a regulator,the lung epithelium orchestrates the innate response to local ***,we developed a lung epithelium-ona-chip platform consisting of easily moldable polydimethylsiloxane layers along with a thin,flexible,and transparent ionic liquid-based poly(hydroxyethyl)methacrylate gel *** epithelium was formed through the culture of human lung epithelial cells(Calu-3)on this *** mechanical stress at the air–liquid interface during inhalation/exhalation was recapitulated using an Arduino-based servo motor system,which applied a uniaxial tensile strength from the two sides of the chip with 10%strain and a frequency of 0.2 ***,the administration of silica nanoparticles(PM0.5)with an average size of 463 nm to the on-chip platform under static,dynamic,and dynamic+mechanical stress(DMS)conditions demonstrated the effect of environmental pollutants on lung *** viability and release of lactate dehydrogenase were determined along with proinflammatory response through the quantification of tumor necrosis factor-α,which indicated alterations in the epithelium.

关键词： Ionic liquid-based membrane Lung Epithelial barrier Mechanostress Organ-on-chip Silica particles