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Potential carrier priming effect in Australian infants after 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2016年第3期5卷 311-318页

作者： Mohamed Tashani Sanjay Jayasinghe Zitta B Harboe Harunor Rashid Robert Booy National Centre for Immunisation research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases the Children’s Hospital at Westmead the Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of Sydney Neisseria and Streptococcus Reference Laboratory Department of Microbiology and Infection ControlStatens Serum Institut Marie Bashir institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of Sydney World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Mass Gatherings and High Consequence/High Visibility Events Flinders University

AIM:To investigate evidence of clinical protection in infants after one dose of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine(7vPCV) owing to carrier ***:Using Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System data,we conducted a descriptive analysis of cases of vaccine type invasive pneumococcal disease(VT-IPD) during "catch-up" years,when 7vPCV was carrier primed by prior administration of DTPa *** compared the number of VT-IPD cases occurring 2-9 wk after a single dose of 7vPCV(carrier primed),with those immunity from carrier priming *** this is proven,an adjusted 2-dose schedule(where the first dose of PCV is not given until after DTPa) may be sufficient and more cost-effective.

关键词： Carrier priming Conjugate vaccine Infant Invasive pneumococcal disease

MHC Class I Assembly Function and Intracellular Transport Routes for Hepatitis B Virus Antigen Cross-presentation by Heat Shock Protein gp96

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Infectious Diseases & immunity 2022年第3期2卷 183-192页

作者： Lijuan Qin Yongai Liu Yuxiu Xu Yang Li Jun Hu Ying Ju Yu Zhang Shuo Wang Zihai Li Changfei Li Xin Li Songdong Meng CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyCenter for Biosafety Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100101China university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China Ohio State university OhioUSA

Background:During hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,virus-infected hepatocytes directly cross-present viral antigens and regulate T cell response within the liver ***,little is known regarding the regulatory pathways involved in viral antigen presentation in HBV-infected *** study investigated the underlying mechanism of antigen assembly and the HBV antigen-presenting function of major histocompatibility complex(MHC)class I molecules using heat shock protein ***:First,western blotting,flow cytometry,co-immuno precipitation,GST pull-down,and confocal microscopic assays were performed to determine whether endogenous gp96 affects MHC-I levels via an antigen presentation ***,the B3Z assay and an AAV/HBV-infected hepatocyte-specific gp96-deficient mouse model were used to determine whether gp96 knockout functionally impaired peptide cross-presentation and produced a weakened antiviral cytotoxic T cell(CTL)response both in vivo and in ***,confocal microscopic analysis and the B3Z assay were employed to show that exogenous gp96-associated peptide was present in MHC-I molecules via the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-Golgi secretory ***:Compared with the control,gp96 knockdown significantly reduced the cell surface levels of MHC-I by approximately 75%(P<0.01).Endogenous gp96 interacts with MHC-I and is involved in antigen ***,a weakened antiviral CTL response(34%compared to control mice)has been observed in hepatocyte-specific gp96-deficient mice following HBV ***96 directed exogenous antigen to the ER,and the exogenous gp96-chaperoned peptide was endosome-and proteasome-dependent but not transporter associated with antigen processing ***:Cellular gp96 promotes the assembly and antigen presentation of MHC class I *** addition,extracellular gp96 served as a natural adjuvant to induce a CTL response in a concerted and regulated manner within different cell

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Antigen cross-presentation Cytotoxic T-cell gp96

Phytophthora sojae Effector PsAvh240 Inhibits Host Aspartic Protease Secretion to Promote infection

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Molecular Plant 2019年第4期12卷 552-564页

作者： Baodian Guo Haonan Wang Bo Yang Wenjing Jiang Maofeng Jing Haiyang Li Yeqiang Xia Yuanpeng Xu Qinli Hu Fangfang Wang Feng Yu Yan Wang Wenwu Ye Suomeng Dong Weiman Xing Yuanchao Wang Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests(Ministry of Education) Nanjing 210095China National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Center for Plant Stress BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China Shanghai institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.239 Zhangheng RoadShanghai 201204China

Plants secrete defense molecules into the extracellular space (the apoplast) to combat attacking microbes. However, the mechanisms by which successful pathogens subvert plant apoplastic immunity remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that PsAvh240, a membrane-localized effector of the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae, promotes P. sojae infection in soybean hairy roots. We found that PsAvh240 interacts with the soybean-resistant aspartic protease GmAP1 in planta and suppresses the secretion of GmAP1 into the apoplast. By solving its crystal structure we revealed that PsAvh240 contain six a helices and two WY motifs. The first two a helices of PsAvh240 are responsible for its plasma membrane-localization and are required for PsAvh240's interaction with GmAP1. The second WY motifs of two PsAvh240 molecules form a handshake arrangement resulting in a handshake-like dimer. This dimerization is required for the effector's repression of GmAP1 secretion. Taken together, these data reveal that PsAvh240 localizes at the plasma membrane to interfere with GmAP1 secretion, which represents an effective mechanism by which effector proteins suppress plant apoplastic immunity.

关键词： Phytophthora sojae effector, handshake-like dimer soybean aspartic protease plant apoplastic immunity effector triggered susceptibility

Anti-CD 20 monoclonal antibodies and associated viral hepatitis in hematological diseases

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World Journal of Hematology 2014年第2期3卷 29-43页

作者： Shih-Hung Yang Chiun Hsu Ann-Lii Cheng Sung-Hsin Kuo Graduate institute of Clinical Medicine National Taiwan University College of Medicine Department of Oncology National Taiwan University Hospital Cancer research Center National Taiwan University College of Medicine Graduate institute of Oncology National Taiwan University College of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital

Over the past decade, the administration of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab has demonstrated various degrees of effectiveness and has improved patients' outcomes during the treatment of autoimmune hematological disorders and hematological malignancies. However, the depletion of B-cells, the distribution of T-cell populations, and the reconstruction of host immunity resulting from the use of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies potentially lead to severe viral infections, such as hepatitis B virus(HBV), hepatitis C virus(HCV), parvovirus B19, and herpes viruses, in patients who are undergoing immune therapy or immunochemotherapy. Of these infections, HBV- and HCV-related hepatitis are a great concern in endemic areas because of the high morbidity and mortality rates in untreated patients. As a result, prophylaxis against HBV infection is becoming a standard of care in these areas. Parvovirus B19, a widespread pathogen that causes red blood cell aplasia in immunocompromised hosts, also causes hepatitis in healthy individuals. Recently, its association with hepatitis was recognized in a patient treated with rituximab. In addition, adenovirus, varicella-zoster virus hepatitis E virus, and rituximab itself have been linked to the occurrence of hepatitis during or after rituximab treatments. The epidemiologies and pathogeneses of these etiologies remain unknown. Because of the increasing use of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of hematological malignancies or autoimmune hematological disorders, it is imperative that physicians understand and balance the risks of hepatotropic virusassociated hepatitis against the benefits of using antiCD20 monoclonal antibodies.

关键词： CD20 Monoclonal antibody Hepatitis Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus

Effect of neuropeptide Y on white matter demyelination and serum interleukin-4 and gamma-interferon levels in the guinea pig with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

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Neural Regeneration research 2008年第5期3卷 554-557页

作者： Xiaohong Li Ke Yu Zuoxiao Li Department of Neurology Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College Luzhou 646000 Sichuan University China Department of Educational Administration Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College Luzhou 646000 Sichuan University China

BACKGROUND： Neuropeptide Y （NPY） may influence differentiation of Th cells immunological pathology of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis （EAE） is differentiation of Th cells It is assumed that the related to abnormal OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effect of NPY on white matter demyelination, the serum levels interleukin-4 （IL-4） and gamma-interferon （IFN-γ ）, as well as EAE pathogenesis in an EAE guinea pig model following NPY injection into the lateral cerebral ventricle. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized controlled animal study, which was performed in the infection immunity Animal Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, China, from October 2005 to April 2006. MATERIALS： Thirty healthy female guinea pigs of 8-12 weeks of age, and 10 healthy female rats of three months of age were used. NPY was provided by Sigma Company, USA. NPY kit was provided by Beijing Huaying Biotechnology institute, China. METHODS： Thirty guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups： normal control group, EAE model group, and NPY intervention group （n =10 per group）. Normal control group and EAE model group： Saline （10μ L, once） was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle. After one week, the same volume of Freund＇s adjuvant complete was either injected subcutaneously into two post-palms or EAE was modeled. NPY intervention group： EAE was modeled after one week and NPY was injected （10 μ L of 6 nmol NPY, once） into the lateral cerebral ventricle. Myelin basic protein （MBP） antigen made from rat spinal cord homogenate and Freund＇s adjuvant complete were injected subcutaneously into both post-palms （0.2 mL per palm） to establish the EAE model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： White matter demyelination of the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord were observed by light microscopy after HE staining. Levels of serum IFN-γ and IL-4 were detected by the double antibody sandwich ABC-ELISA technique. NPY content was detected by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS： Path

关键词： experimental allergic encephalomyelitis neuropeptide Y interleukin-4 gamma-interferon

Non-severe burn injury increases cancer incidence in mice and has long-term impacts on the activation and function of T cells

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Burns & Trauma 2022年第1期10卷 546-557页

作者： Lucy W.Barrett Vanessa S.Fear Bree Foley Katherine Audsley Samantha Barnes Hannah Newnes Alison McDonnell Fiona M.Wood Mark W.Fear Jason Waithman Burn Injury research Unit School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA6009Australia Telethon Kids institute University of Western AustraliaNorthern EntrancePerth Children’s Hospital15 Hospital AveNedlandsWA6009Australia Fiona Wood Foundation Fiona Stanley HospitalMNH(B)Main HospitalCD 15Level Burns Unit 102-118 Murdoch DriveMurdochWA6150Australia and 4Burns Service of Western AustraliaWA Department of HealthNedlandsWA6009Australia

Background:Recent evidence suggests that burn patients are at increased risk of hospital admission for infection,mental health conditions,cardiovascular disease and cancer for many years after discharge for the burn injury *** injury has also been shown to induce sustained immune system *** change to immune function may contribute to the increased risk of chronic disease ***,the mechanisms that disrupt long-term immune function in response to burn trauma,and their link to long-term morbidity,remain *** this study we investigated changes to immune function after burn injury using a murine model of non-severe ***:An established mouse model of non-severe burn injury(full thickness burn equivalent to 8%total body surface area)was used in combination with an orthotopic model of B16 melanoma to investigate the link between burns and *** that CD8^(+)T cells are important drivers of effective tumour suppression in this model,we also investigated potential dysregulation of this immune population using mouse models of burn injury in combination with herpes simplex virus *** cytometry was used to detect and quantify cell populations of interest and changes in immune ***:We demonstrate that 4 weeks after a non-severe burn injury,mice were significantly more susceptible to tumour development than controls using an orthotopic model of B16 *** addition,our results reveal that CD8^(+)T cell expansion,differentiation and memory potential is significantly impaired at 1 month ***:Our data suggests that CD8^(+)T cell-mediated immunity may be dysfunctional for a sustained period after even non-severe burn *** studies in patients to validate these findings may support clinical intervention to restore or protect immunity in patients after burn injury and reduce the increased risk of secondary morbidities observed.

关键词： Immunology Surgery Burn injury T cells Immune dysfunction Cancer

From Discovery to Cure, A Great Journey of the Hepatitis C Virus Study

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Infectious Diseases & immunity 2022年第2期2卷 109-112页

作者： Zhigang Yi Zhenghong Yuan Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology(MOE/NHC/CAMS) School of Basic Medical Sciencesand Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecurityFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Fudan UniversityShanghai 201508China

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)causes chronic infection in over 75%of the HCV-infected individuals,resulting in liver cancer in substantial *** its discovery in 1989,HCV experiences a journey from discovery to cure,largely due to the virology studies and success of direct antiviral agent(DAA)*** reviewed the HCV research journey,from the discovery of this virus to the development of DAAs for *** the methodology used in HCV studies and the knowledge of developing DAAs against HCV may inspire the studies of other difficult-to-culture viruses,such as hepatitis E virus and norovirus,as well as the development of DAAs for other single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses,including the pandemic-causing SARS-CoV-2 virus,which shares the common replication strategy of forming a membrane-bound viral replicase.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Cell culture model Direct antiviral Positive-sense RNA virus

The role of bitter and sweet taste receptors in upper airway innate immunity: Recent advances and future directions

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2018年第3期4卷 200-208页

作者： Ivy W.Maina Alan D.Workman Noam A.Cohen Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Division of RhinologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA Corporal Michael J.Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center PhiladelphiaPA19104USA Monell Chemical Senses Center PhiladelphiaPA19104USA

Bitter(T2R)and sweet(T1R)taste receptors have been implicated in sinonasal innate immunity and in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS).Taste receptors are expressed on several sinonasal cell types including ciliated epithelial cells and solitary chemosensory *** agonists released by pathogenic microbes elicit a T2R dependent signaling cascade which induces the release of bactericidal nitric oxide,increases mucociliary clearance,and promotes secretion of antimicrobial *** variation conferred by polymorphisms in T2R related genes is associated with differential CRS susceptibility,symptomatology and post-treatment *** recently,based on our understanding of T1R and T2R function,investigators have discovered novel potential therapeutics in T2R agonists and T1R *** review will discuss bitter and sweet taste receptor function in sinonasal immunity,explore the emerging diagnostic and therapeutic implications stemming from the most recent findings,and suggest directions for future research.

关键词： Chronic rhinosinusitis Taste Receptor Family 1(T1R) Taste Receptor Family 2(T2R) Sweet taste receptors Bitter taste receptors Innate immunity Solitary chemosensory cells Polymorphism

Interaction between Interferon responses and SFTS phlebovirus

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Interaction between Interferon responses and SFTS phleboviru...